Self-consciousness in female university students: the predictive role of social anxiety

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bisma Ejaz ◽  
Amina Muazzam ◽  
Admin
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
University Students ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Role ◽  
Evaluation Anxiety ◽  
Interaction Anxiety ◽  
Public Self Consciousness

Abstract Objective: To find out the degree and direction of correlation between social anxiety and self-consciousness and to investigate the predictive role social anxiety plays in determining self-consciousness among female university students. Method: The study with cross sectional research design was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling technique to collect data. Participants of the research were university students within the age range of 18 to 26 years and were gathered from different public and private sector universities. Reliable instruments including Social Anxiety Scale, Self-consciousness Scale- R and demographic sheet were used. Descriptive statistics and linear regression analysis were employed for data analysis. Results: All the subjects in the study, 300(100%) were females with different educational qualifications ranging from Intermediate to Doctorate. The overall mean age was 21.14±2.06 years. Interesting findings revealed that age had significant inverse correlation with social anxiety (r=-0.17, p<0.01), whereas no significant relation was found between age and self-consciousness. Private self-consciousness was positively correlated with public self-consciousness (r=0.55, p<0.01), evaluation anxiety (r=.18, p<0.01), and interaction anxiety (r=0.11, p<0.05) whereas significant positive correlation was observed between public self-consciousness and all domains of social anxiety i.e. performance anxiety (r=0.21, p<0.01), interaction anxiety (r=0.29, p<0.01), and evaluation anxiety (r=0.35, p<0.01). Moreover social anxiety turned out to be a strong positive predictor of self-consciousness. Continuous...

scholarly journals The relationship between social media use and mental health among A'Sharqiyah University students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Sharif Alsoudi ◽  
◽  
Raqiya Almatarafi ◽  
Shama Almaqbali ◽  
Alzahraa Alhussaini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Media ◽  
University Students ◽  
Media Use ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Social Media Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship

Social media have rapidly become a dominant communication platform worldwide. However, it is thought that people are losing some of their mental health when overusing cyber communication. This descriptive cross-sectional study aimed to reveal the relationship between the use of social media and mental health among A’Sharqiyah University students in the Sultanate of Oman. The sample was 528 students: 76 male and 452 females. The researcher sent the tools via emails to all university students; however, only 528 participated. The results indicated social media use was 48%, while the mental health level was 71%. The results also indicated there were differences in social media use due to gender in favor of males. The study found the degree of social media use was correlated, not necessarily causational, to the level of mental health. The simple linear regression analysis has indicated that social media use contributed to explaining 32% of the variance in mental health. The correlation coefficient was found at -57% which indicated an inverse correlation between social media and mental health. Keywords: Social media, mental health, psychological disorders, university students.

scholarly journals Academic Stress and Study Habits of Health Science University Students

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sukesh Shetty ◽  
Neetha Kamath ◽  
M. Nalini
Keyword(s):  
Academic Success ◽  
Nursing Students ◽  
University Students ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Academic Stress ◽  
Study Habits ◽  
Health Science ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Introduction Academic stress and study habits are crucial indicators of academic success. At the moment, faulty study habits press on the students into academic stress. The present study was conducted to identify the academic stress and study habits of university students of health science. Methods This cross-sectional descriptive survey was conducted among 150 undergraduate students of nursing, physiotherapy, and pharmacy (n = 50 in each group). A stratified random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. The information on academic stress and study habits was collected by using the Student Stress Inventory and Palsane and Sharma Study Habit Inventory, respectively. Results Mean score of academic stress was found to be 75.353 ± 16.463. Pharmacy students had a higher level of stress compared to physiotherapy and nursing students (p = 0.013). Furthermore, the prevalence of unsatisfactory study habits among undergraduate students was 72%, with a mean score of 52.7 ± 9.152. Also, nursing students had a higher level of study habits compared to physiotherapy and pharmacy Students. There was no significant relationship found between study habits and academic stress (r = −0.048, p = 0.557). There was a significant association found between study habits and gender (p = 0.021), as well the association found between stress level and course type, Pre-University Course percentage, and first-year percentage (p = 0.044, 0.04, and 0.044 respectively). Conclusion Academic stress and poor study habits are prevalent among undergraduate students. This indicates strategies need to be formed to enhance healthy study habits and alleviate the academic stress of the students, mainly in professional courses; it is an urgent need.

Prevalence and factors associated to depression among Debrebirhan University students: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
(MD
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Considerable Proportion ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Debre Birhan

Abstract Background: Undiagnosed depression among university students has an adverse effect on the wellbeing and academic performance of students. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of depression and associated factors among Debre Birhan university students. Methodology: Institutional based cross-sectional study design is conducted in Debre Birhan University from April to June 2013 E.C. Three hundred sixty nine students participated in this study which was selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using a self-administered PHQ-9 standard depression questionnaire. First the data was entered into in Epidata 3.1 and then was exported to SPSS version 20 for analysis. Associated factors were identified using binary logistic regression and variables with a p-value < 0.05 were declared as statistically significant factors with the outcome variables. Result: All of the study subjects were between ages 18 and 33 with a mean age of 22.65 9 ± 2.78. The overall prevalence of depression is 17.1%. Among this according to PHQ-9 scores cut scores, 161(43.6 %) scored as normal (0–4), 145(39.3%) scored as mild (5–9), 53(14.4%) scored as moderate (10–14), 4(1.1%) scored as moderately severe (15–19) and 6(1.6%) students scored as sever (> 20). In multivariate analysis being female AOR = 9.28[3.47–24.81], academic year AOR = 0.236[0.059–0.936], smoking 26.3[9.33–74.1] and alcohol use AOR of 2.62[0.95–7.21] are significantly associated with depression. Conclusion and recommendation: This study found a considerable proportion of undergraduate students with depression. Higher institutions need to pay special attention to students especially those who are female, junior students, smokers and alcohol users.

scholarly journals Caffeine Consumption & Perception of Its Effects Amongst University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 46-51
Author(s):  
Umer Maqsood ◽  
Roop Zahra ◽  
Muhammad Zahid Latif ◽  
Hena Athar ◽  
Gul Muhammad Shaikh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sleep Disturbances ◽  
Private Universities ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Caffeine Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

Introduction: A variety of research studies have shown that caffeine usage is highly prevalent among university students and many of them have different perception of its effect on their mental and physical health. These perceptions can influence the intake of caffeine which may lead to its addiction, resulting in serious public health consequences. Aims & Objectives: The objective of the study is to determine the frequency of caffeine consumption and the perception of its effects among university students. Place and duration of study: This study was conducted within 6 months duration, from May 2018 to October 2019 among students of three private universities in Lahore, Pakistan. Material & Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample size of 670 university students was taken and the data were collected from three private universities of Lahore through convenience sampling technique. The perception of effects of caffeine was determined through a pre-validated questionnaire, Caffeine Expectancy Questionnaire (CaffEQ) from consumers and nonconsumers of caffeine. Results: A total of 670 university students participated in the study, out of which, 278 (41.5%) were males and 392 (58.5%) were females. 506 (75.5%) participants were consumer of caffeine, while 164 (24.5%) were non consumer. The occurrence of caffeine consumption was more in males (79.9%) than in females (72.4%). Participants reported that they consume caffeine because it makes them feel more alert (83.4%), they experience caffeine withdrawal without caffeine (83%) and caffeine makes them feel more energetic (80.6%). The perceptions due to which participants don't consume caffeine were that they expect caffeine makes their heartbeat irregular (81.7%), they don't like the way caffeine makes them feel (80.5%) and caffeine makes them irritable (76.8%). Conclusion: The study concludes that male students had more tendencies towards caffeine consumption than females. Perceptions for consuming caffeine were feeling of alertness, experiencing caffeine withdrawal symptoms, feeling of energy and ability to work over long periods of time after having caffeine. The perceptions for not consuming caffeine were irregular heartbeat, bad feelings, irritability, and sleep disturbances.

scholarly journals Short-Term Debt and Financial Performance of Small and Medium Scale Enterprises in Buganda Region, Uganda

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Henry Mugisha ◽  
Job Omagwa ◽  
James Kilika
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Capital Shortage ◽  
Qualitative Approaches

Short-term debt is regarded as an important source of financing for Small and Medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). This is because it can be easily accessed and useful during times of emergent working capital shortage. However, short-term debt is the least researched among the components of capital structure, which explains why its contribution to the financial performance of small and medium-sized businesses still lacks empirical validation especially in the Ugandan context. This paper sought to determine the effect of short-term debt on financial performance of Small and Medium Enterprises in Uganda. The study adopted a descriptive cross-sectional research design to collect and analyse the data. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select SMEs while purposive sampling technique was used to select one key respondent from each of the sampled 453 SMEs in Uganda. Primary data was collected using survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression analysis. The findings indicted that short-term debt had a negative and significant effect on financial performance of SMEs as measured by return on assets. The study provides empirical evidence to support the propositions in the extant literature that short-term debt significantly hampers financial performance of SMEs. The study recommends that SMEs should adopt low cost operation procedures to improve profitability. This would lead to accumulated profits that can be used for investment purposes as a means of driving growth among the SMEs without resorting to borrowing. This paper suggests that further research should be conducted to establish the justification for the negative and significant effect of short-term debt on financial performance using qualitative approaches.

scholarly journals Autistic Traits Predict Social-Contact Uncertainty in University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Bertrams ◽  
Myriam Zäch
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
University Students ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Autistic Traits ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socially Anxious ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The University

Social anxiety (alternatively: social-contact uncertainty) in the university context can lead to reduced health, well-being, and performance, and can even cause premature leaving of education. With the present study, we intended to supplement cross-sectional studies on students' autistic traits and social anxiety with longitudinal findings. We measured autistic traits and social-contact uncertainty of 118 university students on two occasions, roughly 1 year apart. Correlation, multiple regression, and cross-lagged analyses showed that more pronounced autistic traits predicted higher future social-contact uncertainty. Social-contact uncertainty did not predict autistic traits. We conclude that university students who are high in autistic traits tend not only to be more socially anxious at the moment but have a heightened risk of still being so in the future.

scholarly journals Loneliness in the United States: A 2018 National Panel Survey of Demographic, Structural, Cognitive, and Behavioral Characteristics

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1123-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana DesHarnais Bruce ◽  
Joshua S. Wu ◽  
Stuart L. Lustig ◽  
Daniel W. Russell ◽  
Douglas A. Nemecek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Los Angeles ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health Behavior Intervention

Purpose: To inform health behavior intervention design, we sought to quantify loneliness and its correlates, including social media use, among adults in the United States. Design: Cross-sectional research panel questionnaire. Setting: Responses were gathered from individuals in all 50 states surveyed via Internet from February 2018 to March 2018. Participants: A total of 20 096 US panel respondents aged 18+. Measures: The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale (theoretical score range = 20-80) was administered along with demographic, structural, cognitive, and behavioral items. Analysis: After calibrating the sample to population norms, we conducted multivariable linear regression analysis. Results: The overall mean survey-weighted loneliness score was 44.03 (standard error = 0.09). Social support (standardized β [sβ] = −0.19) and meaningful daily interactions (sβ = −0.14) had the strongest associations with lower loneliness, along with reporting good relationships, family life, physical and mental health, friendships, greater age, being in a couple, and balancing one’s daily time. Social anxiety was most strongly associated with greater loneliness (sβ = +0.20), followed by self-reported social media overuse (sβ = +0.05) and daily use of text-based social media (sβ = +0.03). Conclusion: Our findings confirm that loneliness decreases with age, and that being in a relationship as well as everyday behavioral factors in people’s control are most strongly related to loneliness. Population health promotion efforts to reduce loneliness should focus on improving social support, decreasing social anxiety, and promoting healthy daily behaviors.

scholarly journals An Institution-Based Assessment of Students’ Hand Washing Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Grace M. Mbouthieu Teumta ◽  
Loveline L. Niba ◽  
Nkwatoh Therese Ncheuveu ◽  
Mary-Teresia Ghumbemsitia ◽  
Paul O.B. Itor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Knowledge Score ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
Hand Washing ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Knowledge Practices ◽  
Study Participants

Background. Hand hygiene is cost-effective and has been recognized as an effective measure in the control of communicable diseases. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills of students in both private and public institutions of higher learning. Methods. This was an institution-based cross-sectional study that included a mix of 577 university students from different disciplines (49.6% males and 50.4% females) with a mean age of 21.8 ± 3.5 years. Departments were selected at random, and the quota sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills scores were assessed using a structured questionnaire. The differences in scores were further quantified across different factors using multiple quantile regression analysis. Results. The prevalence of hand washing with soap was 10.7%. Also, the majority of the study participants (75.2%) had a poor hand washing practices score. Age ≥29 years was associated with a 6.3% lower median hand washing knowledge score (p=0.039). Also, being in the public institution was significantly associated with 6.3%, 36.0%, and 10.0% lower median hand washing knowledge (p=0.021), practices (p<0.001), and skills (p=0.025) scores, respectively. In addition, being a medical student (p=0.029) and washing hands ≥ six times a day (p=0.008) were significantly associated with an increase in the median hand washing knowledge score of 6.3% and 18.7%, respectively. Conclusions. Educational interventions need to be carried out to create awareness of the importance of hand washing and also to enhance the hand washing knowledge, practices, and skills of university students.

scholarly journals Sunscreen Use among a Population of Saudi University Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohammed I. AlJasser ◽  
Abdullah Aljumah ◽  
Mohannad Alzaydi ◽  
Abdullah Alassaf ◽  
Suliman Alassafi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
University Students ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sun Protection ◽  
Protection Factor ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sunscreen Use

Introduction. Sunscreen is an important method of sun protection. Many studies were conducted worldwide on the use of sunscreen but only few done in Saudi Arabia. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence, practices, and factors associated with sunscreen use among Saudi university students. Materials and Methods. A cross-sectional study was performed at King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A questionnaire on the use of sunscreen was created in English. Quota sampling technique was used since the sample was divided according to gender and college year. Results. A total of 1,011 students were enrolled. Approximately half were males (n = 510). Half of the students used sunscreen (n = 515, 51%). Female gender, high family income, previous history of sunburn, tanning bed use, and use of other sun protection methods were factors independently associated with sunscreen use. The main reasons for using sunscreen were prevention of sunburns, dark spots, skin cancer, and overall skin darkening. Eighty percent of participants used other methods of sun protection. Sunscreen with a sun protection factor (SPF) > 30 was used in 59% of students. However, the majority did not know if the sunscreen they use provided broad-spectrum coverage or not. Only 35% of students apply sunscreen in both sunny and cloudy days. Most students apply sunscreen less than 10 minutes before going out and do not repeat the application throughout the day. More than 90% of students seem to apply insufficient amount of sunscreen. Conclusion. Almost half of the population in the study use sunscreen. We have identified several areas of improper use of sunscreen. Increasing the awareness of effective sunscreen use in our community might be needed.

scholarly journals PENGARUH KESADARAN SITUASI IBU HAMIL DENGAN FREKUENSI KUNJUNGAN ANTENATAL DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS WARU KABUPATEN PAMEKASAN TAHUN 2016

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Sendy Ayu Mitra Uktutias ◽  
Niniek Lely Pratiwi ◽  
Windhu Purnomo
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Antenatal Care ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Health Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level

Basic Health Research Results (Riskesdas) conducted by the Ministry of Health shows that the coverage of K4 during the last 3 years in 2010–2013 is the year 2010 by 86.85% and the year 2013 of 87.48%. The lack of utilization of ANC by pregnant women is associated with many factors, one of which is the lack of awareness of pregnant women about the importance of pregnancy care. The purpose of this study analyzed the influence of awareness of the situation of pregnant women with the frequency of antenatal visits. The research method was analytic observational with cross sectional  study design. The study sample was 38 pregnant women who lived in the working are at waru public health center’s. The sampling technique using simple random sampling. Data collection using primary data by questionnaire and secondary data with the instrument KIA book. Data were processed and analyzed by using frequency distribution and inferential analyze of linier regression with a significance level of 5% (p = 0.05). The results of linear regression analysis in pregnant women showed significant value of β 0.684 (β > 0.500), that the awareness of the situation had an effect on the frequency of antenatal care. A good situation awareness is a necessary process to influence the decision to act, it is a pregnancy test and can be seen the frequency of antenatal care of a pregnant woman. This conclusion Waru public health center’s is a health clinic located in the highlands. Still less maximal antenatal care visits because of the support and access to antenatal care. It is suggested to raise awareness of pregnant women situation through family involvement, husband as reinforcement factor in support of improvement of antenatal care examination.

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