Gut microbiome skin axis in the development of atopic dermatitis

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Hitham Abduarhman Alghamdi ◽  
Ahmed Behieldin ◽  
Sherif Edris
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Immunological Activity ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Strong Relation

Abstract Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the main focus of this review which mostly starts with children in early life. Beside the etiological factors like environmental, dietary or medical exposures, Gut-skin axis microbiome studies have an impact to investigate and to understand the relation between the gut microbiome and changes to the skin microbiom and some skin diseases resulting like AD. Infants start forming their microbiome in early life and some researches suggest that this time have a crucial role in development of AD. Balanced bacterial composition is important to maintain healthy skin as the gut microbiome dysbiosis may result in dramatic shifting in the skin microbiome that gives better chance for some bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus to over prevail which has been reported to contribute in AD development. Among several factors, immunological activity has a strong relation to microbiome changed composition and development of AD. Continuous....  

scholarly journals Apple cider vinegar soaks do not alter the skin bacterial microbiome in atopic dermatitis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252272
Author(s):  
Lydia A. Luu ◽  
Richard H. Flowers ◽  
Yingnan Gao ◽  
Martin Wu ◽  
Sofia Gasperino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
16S Sequencing ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Apple Cider ◽  
Skin Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Microbiome

Introduction Atopic dermatitis is a common skin disease characterized by altered cutaneous immunity in which patients often exhibit lower skin microbiota diversity compared to healthy skin and are prone to colonization by Staphylococcus aureus. Apple cider vinegar has been shown to have antibacterial effects; however, its effects on the skin microbiome have not previously been well-described. Objectives We aimed to examine the effects of topical dilute apple cider vinegar soaks on Staphylococcus aureus abundance, skin bacterial microbiome composition, and skin bacterial microbiome diversity in atopic dermatitis participants compared to healthy skin. Methods Eleven subjects with atopic dermatitis and 11 healthy controls were enrolled in this randomized, non-blinded, single-institution, split-arm pilot study. Subjects soaked one forearm in dilute apple cider vinegar (0.5% acetic acid) and the other forearm in tap water for 10 minutes daily. Skin bacteria samples were collected from subjects’ volar forearms before and after 14 days of treatment. 16S sequencing was used to analyze Staphylococcus aureus abundance and skin bacterial microbiome composition, and alpha diversity of microbiota were determined using Shannon diversity index. Results There was no difference in skin bacterial microbiome in atopic dermatitis subjects after 2 weeks of daily water or apple cider vinegar treatments (p = 0.056 and p = 0.22, respectively), or in mean abundance of S. aureus on apple cider vinegar-treated forearms (p = 0.60). At 2 weeks, the skin bacterial microbiomes of healthy control subjects were not significantly different from the skin bacterial microbiome of atopic dermatitis subjects (p = 0.14, 0.21, 0.12, and 0.05). Conclusions Our results suggest that daily soaks in 0.5% apple cider vinegar are not an effective method of altering the skin bacterial microbiome in atopic dermatitis. Further studies are needed to explore the effects of different concentrations of apple cider vinegar on skin microflora and disease severity. Trial number UVA IRB-HSR #19906.

scholarly journals A Derivative of Butyric Acid, the Fermentation Metabolite of Staphylococcus epidermidis, Inhibits the Growth of a Staphylococcus aureus Strain Isolated from Atopic Dermatitis Patients

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 311 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supitchaya Traisaeng ◽  
Deron Raymond Herr ◽  
Hsin-Jou Kao ◽  
Tsung-Hsien Chuang ◽  
Chun-Ming Huang
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Staphylococcus Epidermidis ◽  
Mouse Skin ◽  
Aureus Strain ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Acid Fermentation

The microbiome is a rich source of metabolites for the development of novel drugs. Butyric acid, for example, is a short-chain fatty acid fermentation metabolite of the skin probiotic bacterium Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis). Glycerol fermentation of S. epidermidis resulted in the production of butyric acid and effectively hindered the growth of a Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain isolated from skin lesions of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro and in vivo. This approach, however, is unlikely to be therapeutically useful since butyric acid is malodorous and requires a high concentration in the mM range for growth suppression of AD S. aureus. A derivative of butyric acid, BA–NH–NH–BA, was synthesized by conjugation of two butyric acids to both ends of an –NH–O–NH– linker. BA–NH–NH–BA significantly lowered the concentration of butyric acid required to inhibit the growth of AD S. aureus. Like butyric acid, BA–NH–NH–BA functioned as a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor by inducing the acetylation of Histone H3 lysine 9 (AcH3K9) in human keratinocytes. Furthermore, BA–NH–NH–BA ameliorated AD S. aureus-induced production of pro-inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and remarkably reduced the colonization of AD S. aureus in mouse skin. These results describe a novel derivative of a skin microbiome fermentation metabolite that exhibits anti-inflammatory and S. aureus bactericidal activity.

scholarly journals Ceramides: Where do we stand?

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 44
Author(s):  
Nidhi Yadav ◽  
Bhushan Madke ◽  
Anupam Das
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Aging ◽  
Skin Disorders ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Dermatoses ◽  
Integral Component

Ceramides are an integral component of the epidermal barrier system. Alterations in ceramides levels are associated with various inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis, Gaucher’s disease, acne vulgaris, and skin aging. Various formulations containing ceramides have been developed so that exogenous ceramides can repair the barrier function. Herein, the authors have provided an overview of the basic anatomy, structure, functioning, and importance of ceramides and their role in healthy skin and various skin disorders. In addition, the authors review conventional and newer technologies for delivery of ceramides in various skin diseases.

scholarly journals The Dutch Microbiome Project defines factors that shape the healthy gut microbiome

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gacesa ◽  
A. Kurilshikov ◽  
A. Vich Vila ◽  
T. Sinha ◽  
M.A.Y. Klaassen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Generational Cohort ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Health And Disease

AbstractThe gut microbiome is associated with diverse diseases, but the universal signature of an (un)healthy microbiome remains elusive and there is a need to understand how genetics, exposome, lifestyle and diet shape the microbiome in health and disease. To fill this gap, we profiled bacterial composition, function, antibiotic resistance and virulence factors in the gut microbiomes of 8,208 Dutch individuals from a three-generational cohort comprising 2,756 families. We then correlated this to 241 host and environmental factors, including physical and mental health, medication use, diet, socioeconomic factors and childhood and current exposome. We identify that the microbiome is primarily shaped by environment and cohousing. Only ∼13% of taxa are heritable, which are enriched with highly prevalent and health-associated bacteria. By identifying 2,856 associations between microbiome and health, we find that seemingly unrelated diseases share a common signature that is independent of comorbidities. Furthermore, we identify 7,519 associations between microbiome features and diet, socioeconomics and early life and current exposome, of which numerous early-life and current factors are particularly linked to the microbiome. Overall, this study provides a comprehensive overview of gut microbiome and the underlying impact of heritability and exposures that will facilitate future development of microbiome-targeted therapies.

Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Atopic Dermatitis Patients

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-08
Author(s):  
Nora Harfouch ◽  
Fouz Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Normal Skin ◽  
Skin Barrier ◽  
Nasal Colonization ◽  
Cutaneous Infections ◽  
Barrier Defect ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Disorder ◽  
Colonization Rates

Background:Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic inflammatory skin disorder that induces several symptoms including pruritus and dryness, and is often associated with secondary cutaneous infections. AD is considered to be one of the most prevalent and studied skin diseases yet poorly understood, and its pathophysiology remains obscure. Even though other skin diseases (such as psoriasis) share the same pathologic factor -skin barrier defect - with atopic dermatitis, patients diagnosed with those diseases don't suffer infectious exacerbations like atopic patients do. Aim: Although many international researches have already discussed the relationship between staphylococcus aureus and AD, no studies about this subject in the Arabic region was documented. The aim of our study is to compare staphylococcus aureus colonization rates and densities between atopic dermatitis patients and non-atopic subjects, and to relate the colonization to the severity and duration of the disease. Materials and methods: This observational analytic study included 200 participants (99 diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and 101 control subjects without atopic dermatitis); nasal and skin swabs (lesional and non-lesional) were collected from patients, while nasal and only normal skin swabs were collected from controls. Positive swabs were assessed to determine the density of colonization. Results: 57.6% of patients had nasal colonization, 56.6% had lesional colonization and 30.3% had normal skin colonization. Nasal colonization rates and densities were higher in the patients group. We detected a correlation between colonization and severity of eczema, but no correlation between colonization and duration of the disease was detected. Conclusion: The high rates and densities of staphylococcus aureus colonization in lesional skin of atopic dermatitis patients point out the role of these organisms in the pathophysiology of the disease, put antibiotics on the treatment list of atopic dermatitis and explain infectious features in AD exacerbations.

Staphylococcus Aureus in the Anterior Nares and Subungual Spaces of the Hands in Atopic Dermatitis

1997 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Nishijima ◽  
S Namura ◽  
T Higashida ◽  
S Kawai
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Healthy Adult ◽  
Phage Type ◽  
Skin Lesions

We examined the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands of patients with atopic dermatitis to determine whether the presence of S. aureus at these sites may contribute to the aggravation of the dermatitic skin lesions. The prevalence of S. aureus in the anterior nares of patients with atopic dermatitis was over five times higher than that in the anterior nares of patients with other skin diseases or in healthy adult controls, and the prevalence of S. aureus in the subungual spaces was 10 times higher in patients with atopic dermatitis than in those with other skin diseases or in controls. Both the anterior nares and the subungual spaces of the hands are important reservoirs of S. aureus in atopic dermatitis. The phage type of S. aureus strains isolated from the anterior nares is similar to that of the strains isolated from the subungual spaces.

scholarly journals Gut–Skin Axis: Current Knowledge of the Interrelationship between Microbial Dysbiosis and Skin Conditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 353
Author(s):  
Britta De Pessemier ◽  
Lynda Grine ◽  
Melanie Debaere ◽  
Aglaya Maes ◽  
Bernhard Paetzold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acne Vulgaris ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Local Skin ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
New Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

The microbiome plays an important role in a wide variety of skin disorders. Not only is the skin microbiome altered, but also surprisingly many skin diseases are accompanied by an altered gut microbiome. The microbiome is a key regulator for the immune system, as it aims to maintain homeostasis by communicating with tissues and organs in a bidirectional manner. Hence, dysbiosis in the skin and/or gut microbiome is associated with an altered immune response, promoting the development of skin diseases, such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, acne vulgaris, dandruff, and even skin cancer. Here, we focus on the associations between the microbiome, diet, metabolites, and immune responses in skin pathologies. This review describes an exhaustive list of common skin conditions with associated dysbiosis in the skin microbiome as well as the current body of evidence on gut microbiome dysbiosis, dietary links, and their interplay with skin conditions. An enhanced understanding of the local skin and gut microbiome including the underlying mechanisms is necessary to shed light on the microbial involvement in human skin diseases and to develop new therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Characterization of Circular RNA Transcriptomes in Psoriasis and Atopic Dermatitis Reveals Disease-specific Expression Profiles

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviu Ionut Moldovan ◽  
Lam Alex Tsoi ◽  
Stephen Weidinger ◽  
Johann Gudjonsson ◽  
Jørgen Kjems ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Circular Rna ◽  
Detection Algorithm ◽  
Healthy Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Skin Diseases ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Lesional Skin ◽  
Inflammatory Skin

AbstractBackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, two chronic inflammatory skin diseases, affect a large number of individuals worldwide, and are associated with various comorbidities. Circular RNA (circRNA) constitute a major class of non-coding RNAs that have been implicated in many human diseases, although their potential involvement in inflammatory skin diseases remains elusive.ObjectivesTo compare and contrast the circRNA expression landscapes in paired lesional and non-lesional skin from psoriasis and AD patients relative to skin from unaffected individuals. Moreover, to correlate circRNA expression to disease severity.MethodsWe analyzed high-depth RNA-seq data from paired lesional and non-lesional skin samples from 27 AD patients, 28 psoriasis patients, and 38 healthy controls. CircRNAs and their cognate linear transcripts were quantified using the circRNA detection algorithm, CIRI2.ResultsWe identified 39,286 unique circRNAs in total and found that psoriasis and AD lesional skin could be distinguished from non-lesional and healthy skin based on circRNA expression landscapes. In general, circRNAs were less abundant in lesional relative to non-lesional and healthy skin. Differential expression analyses revealed many significantly downregulated circRNAs, mainly in psoriasis lesional skin, and a strong correlation between psoriasis and AD-related circRNA expression changes was observed. A subset of circRNAs, including ciRS-7, was specifically dysregulated in psoriasis and show promise as biomarkers for discriminating AD from psoriasis.ConclusionPsoriasis and circRNA transcriptomes share expression features, including a global downregulation, but only psoriasis is characterized by several circRNAs being dysregulated independently of their cognate linear transcripts.

An altered skin microbiome is the most important symptom of atopic dermatitis.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga B. Tamrazova ◽  
Evgenia A. Glukhova ◽  
Anait V. Tamrazova ◽  
Natalia F. Dubovets
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Progressive Increase ◽  
Skin Microbiome ◽  
Epidermal Barrier ◽  
Therapeutic Modalities ◽  
Important Symptom ◽  
Immune Imbalance

Fast traslate Icon translate Fast traslate Icon translate The progressive increase in the incidence of atopic dermatitis among children, an increase in persistence in adulthood, combined with an inevitable decrease in the quality of life of patients, determine the relevance of studying the mechanisms of the development of this disease not only for dermatology, but also for the entire health care system. Thus, the prerequisites for the emergence of new concepts of pathogenesis and the search for the most effective therapeutic modalities arise. At the moment, atopic dermatitis is considered as the interaction of endogenous (impaired immune response, insufficient function of the epidermal barrier) and exogenous (exposure to allergens, chemical or physical irritants, microorganisms) factors. Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity, genetic makeup, antibiotic use, and good hygiene play a critical role in the maintenance and stability of the skin microbiome. Normally, the skin microbiota is mainly formed by bacteria of the genus Staphylococcus, Propionibacterium, Corynebacterium and Streptococcus. While in patients with AD, in 70% of cases, there is colonization of Staphylococcus aureus on the affected skin, in 39% on intact skin, which secondarily contributes to the development of immune imbalance and increased skin xerosis. This fact determines the importance of the use of basic therapy, which, on the one hand, helps to strengthen the epidermal barrier, and on the other hand, normalizes the microbiome of the skin, reducing the colonization of Staphylococcus aureus.

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