Reliability of modified functional reach test in the assessment of balance function in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Aatik Arsh ◽  
Haider Darain ◽  
Mujeeb Ur Rahman ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Syed Shakil-Ur-Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Functional Reach ◽  
Sitting Balance ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Modified Functional ◽  
Research Studies

Abstract Objective: To systematically review the research studies that reported reliability of modified functional reach test for the assessment of sitting balance function in people with spinal cord injury. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Research studies published in English language from the earliest record to October 2019 that reported any type of reliability of modified functional reach test in assessing balance function in adult SCI population were included. Those studies were excluded which reported correlation of modified functional reach test with other outcome measures and not explicitly reported reliability of the modified functional reach test. Reviews, commentaries, letter to editors, conference papers and short communications were also excluded. Results: Initially, 108 research articles were retrieved from different databases, however after duplicate removal and applying inclusion/exclusion criteria, only 6 research studies were included in current systematic review. All 6 studies reported only test-retest reliability of modified functional reach test. Four studies measured only forward reach while remaining 2 studies measured reach in different directions. All 6 studies reported good to excellent reliability of modified functional reach test with interclass coefficient values ranging from 0.78 to 0.99. Conclusion: Modified functional reach test is a reliable tool for assessing sitting balance function in individuals with SCI. Continuous...

scholarly journals Clinical Instruments for Measuring Unsupported Sitting Balance in Subjects with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Libak Abou ◽  
Gabriel Ribeiro de Freitas ◽  
Juliete Palandi ◽  
Jocemar Ilha
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Sitting Balance ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals Is Virtual Reality Effective for Balance Recovery in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2861
Author(s):  
Amaranta De Miguel-Rubio ◽  
M. Dolores Rubio ◽  
Alejandro Salazar ◽  
Jose A. Moral-Munoz ◽  
Francisco Requena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Central Register ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Reach Test ◽  
Evidence Database

Virtual reality (VR) is an emerging tool used in the neurological rehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury (SCI), focused on recovering balance, mobility, and motor function, among other functional outcomes. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of VR systems to recover balance in patients with SCI. The literature search was performed between October and December 2019 in the following databases: Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, Medline, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), PubMed, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The methodological quality of each study was assessed using the Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation Evidence (SCIRE) system and the PEDro scale, while the risk of bias was analyzed by the Cochrane Collaboration’s tool. A total of 12 studies, involving 188 participants, were included in the systematic review, of which two were included in the meta-analysis. Statistical analysis showed favorable results for balance measured by the modified Functional Reach Test (standardized mean difference (SMD) = 3.42; 95% confidence interval: 2.54 to 4.29) and by the t-shirt test (SMD= −2.29; 95% confidence interval: −3.00 to −1.59). The results showed that VR interventions provided potential benefits, in addition to conventional physical therapy, to recover balance in patients with SCI.

scholarly journals Diagnostic tests to assess balance in patients with spinal cord injury: a systematic review of their validity and reliability

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118
Author(s):  
Aatik Arsh ◽  
Haider Darain ◽  
Irfan Ullah ◽  
Syed Shakil-ur-Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Diagnostic Tests ◽  
Balance Function ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Rater Reliability ◽  
Sitting Balance ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
High Internal Consistency ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Abstract Background Sophisticated biomechanical instruments can assess balance in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) with accuracy and precision; however, they are costly and time consuming to use. Clinical diagnostic tests to assess balance in patients with SCI are less costly and easier to use, but there is limited literature available regarding their reliability and validity. Objectives To review systematically articles reporting the validity and reliability of diagnostic tests used to assess balance function in patients with SCI. Methods We searched for articles in the English language from the earliest record to December 15, 2020, which reported validity or reliability of any clinical instrument or diagnostic test used to assess balance in patients with SCI. Articles assessing balance in paraplegic patients with causes other than SCI were excluded. Databases included MEDLINE, AMED, EMBASE, HMIC, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The COSMIN Risk of Bias checklist was used to assess the studies included and PRISMA-DTA guidelines were applied. Results We included 16 articles that assessed the validity or reliability of 10 diagnostic tests. The Functional Reach Test (FRT), Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Mini-Balance Evaluation Systems Test (Mini-BESTest) were assessed by more than 1 study, while the remaining 7 diagnostic tests including the Function in Sitting Test, T-Shirt Test, Motor Assessment Scale item 3, Sitting Balance Score, 5 Times Sit-to-Stand Test, Tinetti scale, and Sitting Balance Measure were assessed by 1 study each. The FRT has good-to-excellent test–retest reliability, excellent inter-rater reliability, and good construct, concurrent, and convergent validity. The BBS has excellent inter-rater and intra-rater reliability, high internal consistency, and good concurrent and construct validity. The Mini-BESTest has excellent test–retest reliability, excellent inter-rater reliability, high internal consistency, and good concurrent, convergent, and construct validity. Conclusions The FRT, BBS, and Mini-BESTest appear to be valid and reliable clinical instruments to assess balance function in patients with SCI.

Physiotherapy interventions for the treatment of spasticity in people with spinal cord injury: a systematic review

Spinal Cord ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Ferreira de Araujo Barbosa ◽  
Joanne V. Glinsky ◽  
Emerson Fachin-Martins ◽  
Lisa A. Harvey
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Efficacy of Gait Rehabilitation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tania Lam ◽  
Janice Eng ◽  
Dalton Wolfe ◽  
Jane Hsieh ◽  
Maura Whittaker
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Gait Rehabilitation ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Rehabilitation Strategies
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