Nigeria and the Riddle of Two Constitutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-141
Author(s):  
Akintunde Emiola ◽  
Idowu A Akinloye
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Legal Validity ◽  
Political Expediency ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
The Military

This article brings to the fore the problem of two constitutions (the 1963 and the 1999 Constitutions) coexisting in Nigeria. It argues that the ongoing debate on the need for Nigeria’s restructuring may not be resolved until this problem is addressed. By using a historical approach and an analytical research methodology, the article lifts the discourse about restructuring above mere political expediency to the realm of law, which is the only instrument for restructuring. The authors forcefully argue that the 1979 and 1999 Nigerian constitutions are “military unconstitutional constitutions” that lack legitimacy and legal validity. It submits that the 1963 Constitution, which made Nigeria a republican state, was never repealed but was used by the military to govern and it is, therefore, intact, unencumbered and operatable in the country. This paper argues that it is only after reverting to the 1963 Constitution that an honest and sincere search for a valid foundation upon which a truly federal, democratic and just Nigerian society can be built.

scholarly journals Seven stages of Lithuanian dialectology

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
Vytautas Kardelis
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Research Trends ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Young Researchers

This article is a continuation of ongoing debate on the development of Lithuanian dialectology, the issues of which were first addressed and published in 2015. One of the key ideas expressed by the specialists of dialectology was a proposal to start the development of an extensive model of interests of Lithuanian dialectology. The model could encompass a historical approach, i.e. issues of the development of Lithuanian dialects, essential features of that development as well as the most significant empirical and methodological transformations. The second approach would focus on the perspectives of Lithuanian dialectology which can be placed on the basis of the existing model of interests in Lithuanian dialectology and specific studies carried out in the field. This article proposes a perspective-based plan of research into dialectology and attempts to suggest a tool to implement that plan. The article begins with several introductory remarks about the author’s view towards the existing state of Lithuanian dialectology. It could be briefly described in the following way: traditional dialectology: neogrammarian atomism (exclusive of the theory of dialectology) → structural dialectology: →   phonology and natural morphology (inclusive of the theory of phonology and natural morphology but exclusive of the theory of structural dialectology) →  the new dialectology: (inclusive of the theory of dialectology: geolinguistics and sociolinguistics, the dynamic socio-cognitive view). The proposed perspective-based plan of research consists of seven stages, namely: typological, varieties (lects) and variants, dialectometry, sociolinguistics and language contacts, perceptive, salience, and empirical. The article does not seek to describe each of the stages in great detail or to review extensive research literature existing on the aspects discussed above. The main aim of this article is to identify and discuss some research trends which are relatively new in Western linguistics and to suggest their application in Lithuanian dialectology. Perhaps this could initiate a discussion among Lithuanian and, possibly, foreign dialectologists working with Lithuanian and Slavic languages with regard to theoretical and methodological issues pertaining to dialectology research. Arguably, the foundation of such a prospective discussion was laid in the work “Lithuanian Dialects of the Early 21st Century: A Geolinguistic and Sociolinguistic Study. Maps and their Commentaries”. Hopefully, this review article will also contribute to the prospective discussions and motivate young researchers of dialects to embark on dialectology research by applying new trends in Lithuanian dialectology.

scholarly journals Applicability of Artificial Intelligence in Decision-Making for Land Forces

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 039-054
Author(s):  
Paul Tudorache
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
The Other ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Military

Similar to other fields, also in the military one, the Artificial Intelligence has become recently an evident solution for optimizing specific processes and activities. Therefore, this research paper aims to highlight the potential uses of Artificial Intelligence in the military operations carried out by the Land Forces. In this regard, analysing the framework of the operations process and applying suitable research methodology, the main findings are related to AI’s contributions in optimizing commander’s decisions during the progress of planning and execution. On the other hand, picturing the AI upgrated combat power of the Land Forces is another significant result of this study.

Introduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Andrew Byers
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Medical Interventions ◽  
War Department ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

This chapter provides an overview of why the U.S. Army sought to address perceived problems caused by soldiers’ sexual interactions with civilians and other soldiers as the army deployed across the Caribbean and into the Pacific and Europe in the early twentieth century. Military planners, army leaders, War Department officials, and civilian observers of the military were intensely concerned about issues related to sexuality because they tended to believe that soldiers had irrepressible sexual needs that could cause harm to the army. The army also believed that by instituting a series of legal regulations and medical interventions, it could mitigate the damages to the institution arising from sex, while also shaping soldiers’ sexuality in ways the army and interested civilian parties might find more acceptable. The chapter describes the research methodology and chapter overviews for the book as a whole.

scholarly journals تحليل الأخطاء الإملائية في الهمزة لدى طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية بجامعة الملك سعود

Nady Al-Adab ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Haroun Abdoulaye
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Middle Level ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Spelling Errors ◽  
Advanced Level ◽  
King Saud University ◽  
Arabic Linguistics ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Middle Level Students

الملخص    استهدف هذا البحث على معرفة الأخطاء الإملائية في الهمزة لدى طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية بجامعة الملك سعود، وقد تكونت عينة الدراسة من (23) طالباً ممثلة في ثلاثة مستويات: (المبتدئ والمتوسط والمتقدم)، وقد اعتمدت الدراسة على منهج البحث الوصفي التحليلي، واستخدم الاختبار أداة لجمع المعلومات من عينة الدراسة، وتم التحقق من صدق الأداة وثباتها من خلال عرضها على مجموعة من المحكمين ذوي الاختصاص في المجال، وأشارت نتائج الدراسة إلى وجود فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية بين المستويات الثلاثة، حيث بلغت  نسبة  أخطاء طلاب المستوى المبتدئ في كتابة الهمزة في أول الكلمة (37%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة في وسط الكلمة وصلت إلى (55%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة في آخرة الكلمة (08%). وأما نسبة أخطاء طلاب المستوى المتوسط في كتابة الهمزة المتطرفة فقد بلغت (25.4%)، وبلغت نسبة أخطائهم في كتابة الهمزة في وسط الكلمة (57.3%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابة الهمزة المتطرفة وصلت إلى (17.3%). وبالنسبة لطلاب المستوى المتقدم، فقد بلغت نسبة أخطائهم في كتابة الهمزة في أول الكلمة (33.3%)، ونسبة الأخطاء في كتابتها في وسط الكلمة (60%)، والأخطاء المتعلقة بكتابة الهمزة في آخر الكلمة قد بلغت نسبتها (06.7%)، ونتيجة لذلك فقد خلصت الدراسة إلى مجموعة من التوصيات في ضوء ما أظهرت عنه من نتائج.الكلمات المفتاحية: تحليل الأخطاء ـــ الأخطاء الإملائية ـــ طلاب معهد اللغويات العربية.                    Abstract:   This study aimed to know the spelling errors in Hamza among students of the Institute of Arabic Linguistics at King Saud University. The sample of the study consisted of (23) students represented in three levels: (beginner, intermediate and advanced) .The study relied on the descriptive analytical research methodology.  To collect information from the study sample, the validity and reliability of the tool was verified by presenting it to a group of arbitrators with competence in the field. The results of the study indicated that there are statistically significant differences between the three levels.  (37%), and  The percentage of errors in writing Hamza in the middle of the word reached (55%), and the percentage of errors in writing Hamza in the back of the word (08%).  As for the percentage of mistakes of middle level students in the writing of extreme Hamza (25.4%), and the percentage of mistakes in writing Hamza in the center of the word (57.3%), and the percentage of errors in the writing of extreme Hamza reached (17.3%).  As for the advanced level students, the percentage  of their mistakes in writing the Hamza at the beginning of the word (33.3%), and the percentage of errors in writing in the middle of the word (60%), and errors related to the writing of the Hamza at the end of the word (06.7%), as a result  The study concluded with a set of recommendations in the light of the results shown. Keywords: error analysis - spelling errors - students of the Institute of Arabic Linguistic

scholarly journals Sinkretisme NU dan Muhammadiyah dalam Pendidikan Islam Papua

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 104-113
Author(s):  
Hasruddin Dute ◽  
M. Zainul Hasani Syarif ◽  
Muhamad Thoif
Keyword(s):  
Educational Institution ◽  
Community Organizations ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Islamic Schools ◽  
The Past ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
Educational Aspect

Syncretism from the past until now is still a topic of discussion in a study. At first syncretism existed only in the fields of religion and philosophy, but now it is developing in the educational aspect. This can be seen in educational institutions in Papua, especially the Papuan Islamic Education Foundation. This study uses qualitative analytical research with a historical approach. The results of this study indicate that Yapis Papua was founded on the initiation of community organizations and Islamic leaders who are in the NU and Muhammadiyah community organizations. The two organizations and Islamic leaders together building the Papuan community through education by establishing the Yapis Papua educational institution and now there are 193 schools and 5 universities in Papua. This collaboration occurs because the existing Islamic schools have not been recognized because they are only local and partial so they do not have a parent foundation throughout the land of Papua.

scholarly journals “Вовча зоря” and “Сталінка”: The lost generation through the eyes of Yevgen Pashkovsky and Oles Ulyanenko

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Anna Horniatko-Szumiłowicz
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Approach ◽  
Research Methodology ◽  
Analytical Method ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Lost Generation ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Contemporary Novels ◽  
The Subject

The subject of the paper is to compare the two contemporary novels – “Вовча зоря” (1991) and “Сталінка” (1994). The research question concernes the portrayal of the lost generation by the two prominent Ukrainian writers, also authors of the aforementioned novels – Y. Pashkovsky (b. 1962) and O. Ulyanenko (1962-2010). The research methodology includes the historical approach, the theoretical approach, the analytical method and the comparative approach. Research involved an analysis of source material, specifically the avalaible critical pieces (papers, reviews, interviews). Results learned from the research allow us to determine that despite a few differences in world creation and style, both writers accurately portrayed the Ukrainian lost generation of the 1980s, including their misplaced values and lost direction.

Jihad and Martyrdom in Islamic Thought and History

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Afsaruddin
Keyword(s):  
Formative Period ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Scholarly Literature ◽  
Critical Term ◽  
Islamic Thought ◽  
The Military ◽  
Late Works

In both popular and scholarly literature, jihad is primarily assumed to be a monovalent concept referring to “military/armed combat,” and martyrdom (shahada) is inevitably understood to be of the military kind. This assumption facilitates the discussion of jihad and martyrdom as terms with fixed, universal meanings divorced from the varying sociopolitical contexts in which they have been deployed through time. Such a monovalent understanding of these two concepts emerges primarily through consultation of the juridical literature and official histories that were produced after the 2nd century ce (8th century ah) and that are unduly privileged in academic discussions of this subject. In contradistinction to this approach, a more holistic and historical approach to the term jihad can be undertaken by focusing on the changing significations of jihad from the earliest formative period of Islam to the contemporary period, against the backdrop of specific social and political circumstances which have mediated the meanings of this critical term. This larger objective entails canvassing a more varied genre of texts to recreate a more multifaceted understanding of jihad and martyrdom as dynamic discursive terms through time. Such sources include Qurʾan exegetical works (tafsir), early and late works of hadith which purport to contain the sayings of the prophet Muhammad, the excellences of jihad (fadaʾil al-jihad) and the excellences of patience (fadaʾil al-sabr) literatures, which are often not consulted on this topic. Furthermore, the comparison of early and late sources and texts from these genres allows one to chart both the constancies and changes in the spectrum of meanings and repertoire of activities included under the terms jihad and shahada. This recovery of a broader semantic landscape undermines exclusively martial conceptualizations of both these terms and has important implications for the contemporary period.

Developing a drama pedagogy for toddler education

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gloria Quinones ◽  
Avis Ridgway ◽  
Liang Li
Keyword(s):  
Research Methodology ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Learning And Development ◽  
Pedagogical Approach ◽  
Historical Approach ◽  
Visual Research ◽  
Childcare Centre ◽  
Video Observations ◽  
Inquiry Stance ◽  
Special Space

This article examines how an educator develops a drama pedagogy through the course of her dramatic interactions with three toddlers. A cultural-historical approach was used to explore the concepts of dramatic interactions and dimensions of drama pedagogy. Visual research methodology involved video observations and a reflective interview with the educator. A case example uses an everyday moment that took place in an Australian childcare centre. This is discussed to show how drama pedagogy unfolds to support toddlers’ learning and development. The case example occurs in a special space known as the neighbourhood space. A drama pedagogy has been conceptualised through three dimensions: a space that has dramatic qualities, interactions and narratives. These foster an inquiry stance in toddlers. It is argued that drama pedagogy is an intentional pedagogical approach to engage toddlers in the neighbourhood space. This article gives focus to an educator who embraces a dramatic conversation style we call dialogue commentary.

ANALISIS YURIDIS FORUM KEMITRAAN POLISI DAN MASYARAKAT DALAM PENYELESAIAN MASALAH MELALUI MUSYAWARAH BERDASARKAN SKEP KAPOLRI NO. : SKEP/737/X/2005 TENTANG KEBIJAKAN DAN STRATEGI KEPOLISIAN (Studi Kasus Polsek Bogor Utara)

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-232
Author(s):  
San Toso ◽  
Dadang Suprijatna ◽  
J. Jopie Gilalo
Keyword(s):  
Community Policing ◽  
Public Perception ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Community Partnership ◽  
Police Chief ◽  
Police Station ◽  
Policy And Strategy ◽  
Analytical Research ◽  
National Police ◽  
The Military

As a barometer of political stability, defense and security. Development of policy and strategy leadership of the Police on community policing (community policing) as a follow up of National Police chief SKEP No. Pol .: SKEP / 737 / X / 2005. The program is intended for the police closer to the community so that people are encouraged / motivated to cooperate with the police in assisting the principal task of the police to create security and order (security and public order). Identification of problems in this study were 1) How the duties and functions of the Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in society, 2) Any barriers and Efforts faced by Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in the community The purpose of this study was to determine the duties and functions FKPM, barriers, and efforts to resolve conflicts in society. In writing this essay, the writer used descriptive analytical research. This research method is used to make the description clear, systematic, transparent and precise about the facts / specific nature of the area and population which is then analyzed to obtain the desired facts. Results of this study concluded that the duties and functions of the Police and Community Partnership Forum in resolving conflicts in society in order to realize the maximum and community policing has not yet impact on the increasing public perception of the police. The direct impact of the policy community policing in all areas is simply the birth of the board-board FKPM. In terms of implementation, it appears less optimal competence of officers in the police station and police station level. Instructive culture within the police, which was adopted from the military norm policing policy making by officials on the ground is seen more as a mere 'implementation of new tasks' rather than the 'improvement of quality of service'.

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