scholarly journals Comparative Advantage Following (CAF) Strategy and Integration into the World Market for Manufactured Export Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sèna GNANGNON
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
World Market ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
Manufactured Exports ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article investigates the impact of countries' comparative advantage following (CAF) strategy on their integration into the world markets for manufactured exports. The analysis uses a panel dataset of 113 countries (comprising both developed and developing countries) over the period 1995-2015. Based on the two-step system Generalized Method of Moments approach, the findings have shown that the CAF development strategy induces a rise in countries' share of manufactured export products in the world's total manufactured exports. Interestingly, the magnitude of this positive effect of the CAF strategy increases as the size of inward FDI stock rises. An important implication of this analysis is that countries that promote industries in line with their comparative advantage are likely to enjoy a greater integration into the world market for manufactured export products, notably when they experience a greater size of inward FDI stock.

scholarly journals The Impact of ICT on Terrorism in African Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Eric Mouchili Moumié
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technology ◽  
Communication Technology ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
African Countries ◽  
The Past ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Macroeconomic Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

Although the macroeconomic effects of information and communication technology (ICT) has been a topic of many debates in the literature over the past 20 years, the effect of ICT on terrorism is still largely unexplored. Using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique, this paper investigates the impact of ICT on terrorism on a panel of 49 African countries over the period 1998-2012. Two ICT indicators (Internet and Mobile) and four different but linked terrorism indicators (Domestic, transnational, unclear and total terrorisms) are used. The paper finds a significant positive effect of ICT on terrorism.

scholarly journals Has the Special Economic Zone Approach Improve Ghana’s Competitiveness in the Global Market?

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Florence Kutin-Mensah ◽  
Dechun Huang ◽  
Richard Ofosu Boateng ◽  
Rutendo Chiponga
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Comparative Advantage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
World Market ◽  
Global Market ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Trade Patterns ◽  
Dynamic Potential ◽  
The World ◽  
Substantial Progress

Ghana adopted the Special Economic Zones (SEZs) model in an attempt to stimulate economic growth by moving from an era of import-based to an export-based development strategy and also to potentially improve competiveness in the world market. However, until now, it is not well understood if this move has been beneficial and whether it has positioned Ghana particularly in terms of trade on the global market. This study examines and demonstrate if the adopted SEZ model has had any significant effects on the trade patterns in Ghana. This was undertaken by analyzing the competiveness and the dynamics and/or level of comparative advantage of selected products traded within the SEZs on sectoral levels in the world market using the Balassa Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) index. The results shows that among the investigated products, Ghana shows little and/or no comparative advantage for manufactured goods with a maintained relative competiveness for raw materials. In addition, the RCA index indicates that Ghana has not improved its competiveness even in the exports of its resource intensive products such as Wood and Minerals. Clearly, it was revealed that Ghana appears to not have made any substantial progress towards taking advantage of the dynamic potential of SEZs as a tool for sustainable exports gains transformation. In the light of the evidence shown, some policy implications and recommendation are described. 

scholarly journals Taiwan’s opening policy to Chinese tourists and cross-strait relations: The impacts on inbound tourism into Taiwan

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-44
Author(s):  
Chih-Yuan Lin ◽  
Mateus Lee
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Enhancement Effect ◽  
Panel Data Models ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Chinese Tourists ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

This article aims to analyze the impact of Taiwan’s 2008 opening policy to Chinese tourists and the effects of cross-strait relations on both Chinese and non-Chinese inbound tourists into Taiwan, with controls in place for other factors. Using annual country-level panel data over the 2000–2016 period, along with the application of the generalized method of moments approach and several static panel data models, the empirical results suggest that while Taiwan’s opening policy to Chinese tourists has had an enhancement effect, there has been no crowding-out effect on either Chinese or non-Chinese inbound tourists into Taiwan. In addition, the cross-strait relations are found to have a negative effect on non-Chinese inbound tourists, but a positive effect on Chinese inbound tourists visiting Taiwan. We conclude that, compared to non-Chinese inbound tourists into Taiwan, the Chinese inbound tourists into Taiwan is both economically and politically oriented.

scholarly journals Justification of the method of determination of the border overburden ratio

2020 ◽  
Vol 166 ◽  
pp. 02005
Author(s):  
Serhii Joukov ◽  
Serhii Lutsenko ◽  
Yulian Hryhoriev ◽  
Maxim Martyniuk ◽  
Volodymyr Peregudov
Keyword(s):  
Iron Ore ◽  
World Market ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Opencast Mining ◽  
World Markets ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The economic efficiency of the enterprise and the length of its operation, the full utilization of mineral reserves and the total cost of operation depend on the selected depth and boundaries of opencast mining. In such conditions of the deposits’ development it is necessary to evaluate the capabilities of the raw material base for the further development of the mining enterprise. The basis for determining of the border overburden ratio is on the condition that the price of manufactured marketable output of the designed enterprise should not exceed the price of the same marketable output in the world market. The realization of this condition is achieved analytically. This takes into account the impact of the rate of return on the final depth of the designed open pit. A new method of determining of the border overburden ratio is developed, which ensures the competitiveness of iron ore concentrate in the world market. The value of the border overburden ratio is developed for the Pershotravnevij open pit of the Northern mining and processing plant, depending on the situation of the iron-containing products’ prices, which ensures the competitiveness of marketable iron-ore output in the domestic and world markets.

scholarly journals Risks and challenges before the ukraine's black metallurgy

2018 ◽  
pp. 18-27
Author(s):  
L.G. Tuboltsev ◽  
N.І. Padoon
Keyword(s):  
Development Strategy ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Metallurgical Industry ◽  
World Market ◽  
Trade Restrictions ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Trade Disputes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The aim of the study is to identify risks and challenges that may be a threat to the development of the mining and metallurgical complex of Ukraine (MMC). It is shown that the excess steel-making capacity in the world increases the risks of the steel producers, may lead to an excess of offers, trade disputes; low prices and low yield. It is noted that the Ukrainian ferrous metallurgy works in the harsh conditions of the world market, the hallmark of which is the uncontrolled and unpredictable growth of world prices. This leads to unstable operation of the MMC, especially in recent years. The factors that determine the potential risks in the metallurgical sector of Ukraine are given. The most influential risk factors include the following: threats to the impact of environmental factors on the future; threats of influence of the political situation in the world; the instability of the supply of raw materials and prices for finished products; change in existing trade flows of raw materials and finished products; global trade restrictions; the lag of the technical level of metallurgical production from the world; insufficient state influence on the industry; lack of industrial development strategy of Ukraine and the metallurgical industry. It is shown that the main direction of the target setting for the development of Ukrainian metallurgy in the medium term should be the development of a strategy that binds together raw materials, energy potential, steelmaking equipment, casting and rolling technologies, as well as the state and market prospects.

Does Bank Profitability Stimulate Economic Growth in the Arab Region?

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Ghazy Aziz
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Bank Profitability ◽  
Arab Region ◽  
Return On Equity ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis study empirically investigates the impact of bank profitability, as a complementary measure of financial development, on growth in the Arab countries between 1985 and 2016. Using a generalized method of moments (GMM) estimation to test the impact of the bank profitability on growth, this study utilises two variables in the econometric model which are return on assets and return on equity. This study reveals that both variables of bank profitability are positive and significant. This confirms that the bank profitability, beside other financial development variables, has positive impact on the growth. This study points out some important implications based on this result.

The impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (7) ◽  
pp. 673-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengfei Sheng ◽  
Yaping He ◽  
Xiaohui Guo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

There is no consensus about the impact of urbanization on energy efficiency. We seek to fill this gap in literature using data from 78 countries for the period of 1995 through 2012. Extending the Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology model, we identify the impact of urbanization on energy consumption and efficiency. Results of generalized method of moments estimation indicate that the process of urbanization leads to substantial increases in both the actual and the optimal energy consumption, but a decrease in efficiency of energy use. In addition, we find that the extent to which energy inefficiency correlates with urbanization is greater in countries with higher gross domestic product per capita.

scholarly journals A Crook is a Crook . . . But is He Still a Crook Abroad? On the Effect of Immigration on Destination-Country Corruption

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 464-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eugen Dimant ◽  
Margarete Redlin ◽  
Tim Krieger
Keyword(s):  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Destination Country ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Econometric Methodology ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimator ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThis paper analyzes the impact of migration on destination-country corruption levels. Capitalizing on a comprehensive dataset consisting of annual immigration stocks of OECD countries from 207 countries of origin for the period 1984-2008, we explore different channels through which corruption might migrate. We employ different estimation methods using fixed effects and Tobit regressions in order to validate our findings. Moreover, we also address the issue of endogeneity by using the Difference- Generalized Method of Moments estimator. Independent of the econometric methodology, we consistently find that while general migration has an insignificant effect on the destination country’s corruption level, immigration from corruption-ridden origin countries boosts corruption in the destination country. Our findings provide a more profound understanding of the socioeconomic implications associated with migration flows.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Effect of Technological Innovations on Unemployment in the European Union Countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 130-139
Author(s):  
Zigmas Lydeka ◽  
Akvile Karaliute
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Method Of Moments ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Technological Innovations ◽  
Labour Demand ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
European Union Countries ◽  
The Impact

Innovation and unemployment are two economic elements related to each other that have been constantly analyzed in the economic debates from the beginning of the 21st century. A classical question is whether innovation creates or destroys jobs. The conventional approach contemplates innovation as a transformation instrument of an economy, resulting in economic growth and jobs creation. Another approach points out to various mechanisms which can compensate the primary effect of innovations and cause an ultimate effect of innovations on labour demand to be unclear. In view of the fact that there are many different explanations about the impact of innovations on labour demand, this paper, after the analysis of theoretical and empirical scientific literature in this field, provides an empirical analysis with unemployment as the dependent variable. The authors use data from 28 European Union countries for the period of 1992–2016 and pursue to research how technological innovations affect unemployment rate. There are two core independent variables – expenditure on R&D (research and development) and number of patent applications – as the main proxies for technological innovations. Control variables that affect unemployment are included to the model as well. The model was estimated using a dynamic two-step System Generalized Method of Moments (GMM-SYS) of a panel data system. After the composition of 12 different estimations of the model, the results suggest that, in some cases, technological innovations affect unemployment.

scholarly journals Revenue diversification and financial sustainability of microfinance institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Nderitu Githaiga
Keyword(s):  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Financial Sustainability ◽  
Microfinance Institutions ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Method Of Moments Estimation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Positive Effect

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate whether revenue diversification affects the financial sustainability of microfinance institutions (MFIs).Design/methodology/approachThe study uses a worldwide panel data set of 443 MFIs in 108 countries for the period 2013–2018 and two-step system Generalized Method of Moments estimation model.FindingsThe study finds that revenue diversification has a significant and positive effect on the financial sustainability of MFIs.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study actually offer important managerial and policy lessons on MFIs’ financial sustainability. Microfinance managers and policymakers should consider revenue diversification as a strategy through which MFIs can attain financial sustainability instead of overreliance on donations and government subsidiesOriginality/valueUnlike previous studies that examined revenue diversification in the context of banking firms, this study contributes to literature by examining the impact of revenue diversification of the financial sustainability of MFIs.

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