scholarly journals Comparison of restaurant inspection report results and its corresponding star ratings on Yelp and Google Reviews

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Kong ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Helen Heacock
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Star Rating ◽  
The Public ◽  
Routine Inspection ◽  
Safe Food ◽  
Hazard Rating ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Background: In the current culture of dining-out, there is a greater emphasis on the overall dining experience at restaurants and less of a concern regarding food safety. The public often relies on consumer-generated review websites, such as Yelp and Google Reviews, to decide on where to eat. Each restaurant is often rated out of 5-stars based on factors such as customer service and food quality. The public perceives a restaurant with a 1-star rating poorly, whereas a restaurant with a 5-star rating is seen as excellent. Moreover, the aspect of food safety is determined by Environmental Health Officers (EHOs) who conduct inspections and assign hazard ratings to restaurants, which describe them as a low, moderate, or high-risk food premises. These inspection report results can be disseminated to the public online or through a placard system by the health authority. Currently, in most cities, there is no linkage or display of inspection report results on consumer-generated review websites. Methods: Secondary data was collected from publicly available online sources: Fraser Health’s restaurant inspection reports and two consumer-generated restaurant review websites – Yelp and Google Reviews. The author analyzed 170 randomly selected restaurants from the three most populous cities under Fraser Health’s jurisdiction (British Columbia, Canada): Surrey, Burnaby, and Abbotsford. Only independent restaurants and their routine inspection reports were considered in this study. The following data was obtained from each of the restaurant’s available routine inspection reports: current hazard rating, the average hazard score, and total number of critical violations (CVs). These variables were then compared to the current star rating found on Yelp and Google Reviews. Results: A total of six statistical analyses were conducted: two chi-square tests and four correlational analyses. When comparing the current hazard rating of the restaurant and their current star rating using chi-square tests, p = 0.0855 for Yelp and p = 0.0739 for Google Reviews. Furthermore, in all four correlational analyses, a negative linear relationship was observed, but only three resulted in statistically significant results. When comparing the average hazard score of the restaurant’s routine inspections and their current star rating, p = 0.0591 for Yelp (power = 47.21%) and p = 0.0000 for Google Reviews (power = 99.97%). When comparing the restaurant’s total CVs from routine inspections and their current star rating, p = 0.0001 for Yelp (power = 97.29%) and p = 0.0000 for Google Reviews (power = 100%). Conclusions: The findings of this study demonstrated that prescribed food safety evaluations largely align with the customer perception of restaurants. Although three out of six statistical tests resulted in statistically significant results, overall, it appears that restaurants with a higher star rating have lower number of CVs and lower average hazard scores. Even though this ideal relationship was established, the importance of safe food handling practices and serving safe food to the public should not be overlooked. Consumer-generated restaurant review websites are an excellent avenue to promote food safety within the overall culture of dining-out at restaurants.

Software entrepreneurs’ competencies based on business growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-132
Author(s):  
Iman Sudirman ◽  
Joko Siswanto ◽  
Atya Nur Aisha
Keyword(s):  
Project Management ◽  
Customer Service ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Service Orientation ◽  
Achievement Orientation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Technical Competencies ◽  
Chi Square Test

Purpose This study aims to identify the competencies of small- and medium-sized enterprises’ (SMEs) entrepreneurs in the software sector and the perceived level of attainment in each competency. It also examines whether these competencies and their levels affect business turnover and growth (in terms of business scale and duration). Design/methodology/approach To accomplish this purpose, the study took a quantitative approach, involving a survey of 33 SME entrepreneurs, which was then processed using statistical tests, including chi-square test, Kruskal–Wallis test and ordinal regression. Findings There were four findings of the study. Firstly, software SME entrepreneurs need 17 competencies, with high levels of soft competencies being required and average levels of technical competencies. Secondly, there are significant differences in perceived levels of customer service orientation (p = 0.089) depending on the scale of the business and in perceived levels of project management (p = 0.087) depending on the duration of the business. Thirdly, customer service orientation (p = 0.031) and project management (p = 0.01) both have a significant influence on business revenues. Fourthly, there were significant gaps in perceived levels of competency (p < 0.05) in achievement orientation, customer service orientation and project management. Originality/value There is existing research that conducts competency mappings at the managerial level in large-scale organizations; however, this sort of research in relation to SME entrepreneurs is still lacking. The present study seeks to fill this gap. It also maps integrated entrepreneurial competencies, including soft and technical competencies; a focus that is lacking in previous studies.

scholarly journals Pengetahuan Masyarakat Tentang Protokol Kesehatan Dengan Tindakan Pencegahan Penularan COVID-19 Di Wilayah Kabupaten Sikka

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pasionista Vianitati ◽  
Maria Yulita Meo
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Public Knowledge ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Objective:  The aim of this study to find out the relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and prevention measures for Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area.Methods:  This type of research is analytic observational with cross sectional design. A questionnaire was given to measure public knowledge about health protocols and an observation sheet to see the behavior of the community to prevent Covid-19 transmission. The sample in the study was 147 people using purposive sampling technique. Data analysis used Chi-Square with a significance level of α = 0.05.Results:  of this study were obtained public knowledge about the health protocol for the prevention of Covid-19 transmission was in a good category of 53.7% and most people made efforts to prevent Covid-19 transmission by 5M as much as 62.6%. And the results of statistical tests using the Chi Square test obtained pvalue = 0.029 <α = 0.05.Conclusion:  there is a significant relationship between public knowledge about health protocols and measures to prevent Covid-19 transmission in the Sikka Regency area. Therefore, all forms of health education to the public related to Covid-19 must continue to be carried out and carry out tiered evaluations related to the implementation of health protocols and it is hoped that the community will be more obedient to implementing health protocols to prevent Covid-19 transmission through 5M measures.

scholarly journals Öğrencilerin Gıda Güvenliğiyle İlgili Bilinç Düzeylerine Göre Tüketim Davranışlarının Belirlenmesi: Ordu Üniversitesi Örneği

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1611
Author(s):  
Derya Öztürk ◽  
Gamze Aydın Eryılmaz ◽  
Osman Kılıç
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Expiry Date ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Food Purchasing ◽  
Food Purchase ◽  
Safe Food

The aim of this study was to determine students' consumption behavior based on their awareness of food safety. Data were collected using survey method. Study sample consisted of 400 students of Ünye Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Ordu University, Turkey. Chi-square test was used to determine whether participants’ levels of awareness of food safety differed by socio-economic characteristics. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine differences in mean scores among awareness groups (low, medium and high) in terms of reading the nutrition information on food labels, food purchasing venues to be reliable and factors affecting food purchase decisions. Results showed that expiry date was the most important factor in food purchase decisions, followed by dates of production and packaging. Participants’ levels of awareness of food safety significantly differed by the proportion of monthly income allocated to food and their preference for cheap foods containing GMO. Supermarkets were ranked the most reliable venues for safe food purchasing, followed by groceries and greengrocers. Results also showed that food purchase decisions of the low and medium awareness groups were mostly affected by their families while those of the high awareness group were mostly affected by their doctors. Results indicate that firstly parents' awareness should be raised about food safety and safe food consumption so that future generations can be more conscious of these issues. In addition, courses on these matters should be included in curricula, and seminars or workshops should be held to raise students' awareness of food safety.

THE GLANCE THAT DECEIVES

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. A99-A99
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Probability Statement ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Tests

It is widely recognized that t-tests, chi square tests and other statistical tests provide a basis for probability statements only when the hypothesis is fully developed before the data are examined in any way. If even the briefest glance at a study's results moves the investigator to consider a hypothesis not formulated before the study was started, that glance destroys the probability value of the evidence at hand... When either the [statistical] test itself or the reporting of the test is motivated by the data, a probability statement such as "P less than 0.05" is deceptive.

Resolving the problem: Examining officer characteristics possibly linked to mediation selection in police oversight agencies

2020 ◽  
pp. 0032258X2094680
Author(s):  
Cynthia-Lee Williams
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
T Test ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
The Public ◽  
Years Of Service ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Currently, research that examines mediation within independent police oversight agencies are quite scarce. The few studies that analyze this process focus on civilian satisfaction. This study adds to existing research by determining which subject officer characteristic is linked to mediation selection. Specifically, the characteristics examined are the officer’s race, gender, and years of service. Intersections of police characteristics are also examined. Quantitative methods is employed to analyze CCRB data covering the years of 2007 to 2012. Chi-square tests and independent sample t-test are used to uncover bivariate relationships. Binary Logistic regression was used to control for some of the police characteristics and to test for interactions. The overall objective of mediation is to strengthen police ties with the community. Revealing possible correlates of mediation selection may help authorities allocate resources to the proper channels, thus, ultimately helping the police improve their relationship with the public.

scholarly journals Intention on food safety among food handlers at the beach culinary tourism area

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 318
Author(s):  
Asep Rustiawan ◽  
Dyah Suryani
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Food Handlers ◽  
Food Handling ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Safe Food

Food safety remains a public health issue in developing countries. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) was applied to predict food handlers' intentions to perform safe food-handling practices in food processing. This was a quantitative research with observational analytic methods, using cross sectional approach. The sample consisted of 80 food handlers of locally-run seafood stalls along the coast of Bantul Regency, Special Region Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Data analysis employed Chi-square test. The results showed a very strong relationship between attitudes, subjective norms, and self-efficacy with the food handler's intention to perform hygienic food safety. This study suggested that food handlers must have a strong intention to perform safe food-handling practicing in processing food to protect consumers from potential foodborne diseases.

scholarly journals Getting rid of the Chi-square and Log-likelihood tests for analysing vocabulary differences between corpora

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (22) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bestgen
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Linguistics ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Statistical Software ◽  
British English ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Chi Square Tests

Log-likelihood and Chi-square tests are probably the most popular statistical tests used in corpus linguistics, especially when the research is aiming to describe the lexical variations between corpora. However, because this specific use of the Chi-square test is not valid, it produces far too many significant results. This paper explains the source of the problem (i.e., the non-independence of the observations), the reasons for which the usual solutions are not acceptable and which kinds of statistical test should be used instead. A corpus analysis conducted on the lexical differences between American and British English is then reported, in order to demonstrate the problem and to confirm the adequacy of the proposed solution. The last section presents the commands that can be used with WordSmith Tools, a very popular software for corpus processing, to obtain the necessary data for the adequate tests, as well as a very easy-to-use procedure in R, a free and easy to install statistical software, that performs these tests.

Comparação de testes coproparasitológicos em criadouro comercial de psitacídeos exóticos

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Nematode Eggs ◽  
Commercial Breeding

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.

Analisis Faktor Determinan Pelaksanaan Inisiasi Menyusu Dini Oleh Bidan Di Rumah Sakit Umum Anutapura Palu

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Novita ◽  
Gusman Arsyad
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Room ◽  
Peer Support ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Implementation Processes ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
The Government

Implementation of IMD in hospitals has decreased from the previous year and has not reached the target set by the government. Some IMD implementation processes have not been carried out according to applicable standards. So that babies do not get an IMD in accordance with existing SOPs. The purpose of this study was to determine the determinant factors associated with the implementation of the IMD by midwives in the Midwifery and Maternity Room Emergency Room (IGD) at the Anutapura General Hospital in Palu. This research method is analytical with cross sectional approach. The population of this study was that all midwives in the obstetrics emergency room and maternity room at Anutapura Palu Hospital were 37 respondents. The sample in this study is total sampling. The analysis used was univariate, and bivariate analysis using the chi square test with a confidence level of 95% (α = 0.05). The results of statistical tests on variable knowledge of midwives with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.018 (p value <0.05). APN training with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.697 (p value> 0.05). length of work with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.029 (p value <0.05). and peer support with the implementation of IMD p value: 0.007 (p value <0.05). Conclusions there is a relationship between knowledge, length of work, peer support with the implementation of the IMD, and training factors that have nothing to do with IMD implementation. The strongest factor in the relationship is peer support. It is recommended that the Anutarapura Palu Hospital be able to motivate midwives so that they can further enhance their role in the implementation and provide support to their colleagues so that the implementation of the IMD can be carried out in accordance with applicable standards.Keywords: Knowledge, APN Training, Duration of work, Implementation of IMD

The Effect of Sanctions on Cooperative Behavior: A Study on Medium Trust Individuals in the Context of Corruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dewi Rosiana ◽  
Achmad Djunaidi ◽  
Indun Lestari Setyono ◽  
Wilis Srisayekti
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Cooperative Behavior ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Public Interests ◽  
The Public ◽  
Chi Square Analysis ◽  
Personal Interests

This study aims to describe the effect of sanctions (individual sanctions, collective sanctions, and absence of sanctions) on cooperative behavior of individuals with medium trust in the context of corruption. Both collective sanctions and individual sanctions, are systemic, which means sanctioning behavior is exercised not by each individual but by the system. Cooperative behavior in this context means choosing to obey rules, to reject acts of corruption and to prioritize public interests rather than the personal interests. Conversely, corruption is an uncooperative behavior to the rules, and ignores the public interest and prioritizes personal interests. Research subjects were 62 students. The Chi-Square Analysis was used to see the association between the variables and the logistic regression model was applied to describe the structure of this association. Individual sanction is recommended as punishment to medium trust individuals to promote cooperative behavior in the context of corruption. The results showed that individuals with medium trust had more cooperative behavior.

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