scholarly journals Sampling of elementary school playground equipment for total coliforms and E. coli

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Fowler ◽  
BCIT School of Health Sciences, Environmental Health ◽  
Vanessa Karakilic
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Contact Surfaces ◽  
Hand Contact

  Background and Purpose: Outbreaks of enteric diseases in schools and daycares are common. It is possible that these outbreaks could be propagated via fomites in school settings, such as playground equipment that is not regularly cleaned. Studies thus far have provided conflicting results on the level of contamination present on fomites in the school setting. This project is intended to assess the level of microbial contamination present on elementary school playground surfaces as a result of hand contact from school children. Methods: Two categories of elementary school playground equipment were sampled in this study; those that are likely to see regular hand contact from children and those that were not likely see hand regular hand contact from children. 30 surfaces of each category were swabbed and the media will be plated and incubated to enumerate total coliforms and E. coli. Results: The mean number of total coliforms on high hand contact surfaces was 0.2333 cfu/100cm2, while the mean number of total coliforms on low hand contact surfaces was 0.2667 cfu/100cm2. The t-test analysis of total coliform results produced a p-value of 0.5566. The mean number of E. coli on high hand contact surfaces was 1.1333 cfu/100cm2, while the mean number of E. coli on low hand contact surfaces was 4.9000 cfu/100cm2. The t-test analysis of E. coli results produced a p-value of 0.8019. Discussion: Neither results for total coliforms or E. coli indicated significantly different numbers on high or low hand contact surfaces. This indicates that these total coliform and E. coli may not be present as a result of hand contact. Conclusion: These results do not support the deposition of coliforms or E. coli on playground equipment as a result of hand contact. However, there is still concern due to the number of samples positive for E. coli. These results suggest the need for practices such as regular hand washing in the school setting after using the playground, regular cleaning of playground materials and EHO inspections of school grounds.  

Penyelidikan KLB keracunan makanan acara ruwahan di desa Mulo, Gunung Kidul provinsi DIY

2018 ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mur Prasetyaningrum ◽  
Z. Chomariyah ◽  
Trisno Agung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Case Control ◽  
P Value ◽  
Common Source ◽  
Population At Risk ◽  
E Coli

Tujuan: Studi ini untuk mengetahui gambaran KLB keracunan pangan yang terjadi di desa Mulo menurut deskripsi epidemiologi, faktor risiko dan penyebab KLB keracunan makanan. Metode: Studi ini menggunakan studi analitik case control, dimana kasus adalah orang yang mengalami sakit pada tanggal 7 - 8 Mei 2017, tinggal di desa Mulo dan mengkonsumsi makanan olahan dari bapak S dan K. Instrument menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil: KLB terjadi di Desa Mulo RT 5 dan 6 dengan jumlah kasus sebanyak 18 orang dari total population at risk 112 orang dengan gejala utama diare (100%), mual (72,2%), demam (66,6%), pusing (66,6%) dan muntah (50%). Dari diagnosa banding menurut gejala, masa inkubasi dan agent penyebab keracunan, kecurigaan kontaminasi bakteri mengarah pada E. Coli (ETEC). Masa inkubasi 1-16 jam (rata-rata 9 jam) dan common source curve. Penyaji makanan ada dua (pak K dan pak S). Dari perhitungan AR, berdasarkan sumber makanan mengarah pada makanan dari pak S (AR=42,8%). Bedasarkan menu, perhitungan OR dan CI 95 % jenis makanan yang dicurigai sebagai penyebab KLB adalah urap/gudangan (OR=4,33; p value0,0071) dan sayur lombok (OR=6,31; p value 0,0071). Sampel yang didapatkan adalah sampel air bersih, feses, dan muntahan penderita, sampel makanan tidak didapatkan karena keterlambatan informasi dari masyarakat. Hasil laboratorium, Total Coliform sampel air bersih melebihi ambang batas, sampel feses dan muntahan mengandung bakteri Klebsiella pneumonia.Simpulan: Terdapat 3 (tiga) faktor yang diduga sebagai penyebab keracunan pada warga Desa Mulo yaitu air bersih untuk mengolah makanan tercemar bakteri patogen, pengolahan makanan tidak hygienis dan penyajian makanan pada suhu ruang lebih dari 1 jam.

scholarly journals Sonographic Evaluation of Uterine Dimensions in Postpartum Women of Reproductive Age-Study from Enugu, Southeast Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chidimma Nonyelum Okwor ◽  
Chuka Chike Agunwa ◽  
Joseph Tochukwu Enebe ◽  
Amaka Obiageli Nnamani ◽  
Ikechukwu Emmanuel Obi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Risk ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
P Value ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Maternal Risk ◽  
Uterine Involution ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Introduction: Uterine involution, a physiological process in which the uterus reverts to prepregnant size, occurs during puerperium. The latter is a time of substantial maternal risk. Ultrasound is considered the most appropriate tool in monitoring the progression of uterine involution because it is cheap, convenient and repeatable with no radiation risk. Aim: To sonographically evaluate the involution of the uterus and uterine cavity in postpartum women in Enugu, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective longitudinal cohort study on 400 postpartum women at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu, Nigeria. Transabdominal ultrasonography to measure uterine dimensions was done on day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium using a 3.5-5 MHz curvilinear probe of a portable ALOKA ultrasound machine. Statistical analysis was done with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 20.0. The uterine dimensions were expressed as mean±standard deviation and student's t-test analysis was used to compare the values for day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium. Regression analysis was carried out to measure the relationship between uterine measurements on days 1, 3 and 42. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean longitudinal, anteroposterior and transverse diameters of the uterus at day 1 were 14.51 cm, 8.54 cm and 10.97 cm, respectively. The corresponding values for day 42 were 8.27 cm, 4.78 cm, and 6.22 cm. The uterine diameters decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). The mean uterine cavity diameters also decreased significantly as puerperium advanced (p<0.001). There was significant regression between longitudinal diameters of both uterus and uterine cavity on days 1 and 3 but not between days 3 and 42. Conclusion: This study has established a normal range of diameters for the uterus and uterine cavity on day 1, day 3 and day 42 of puerperium. It can serve as reference data for further studies in the study area.

scholarly journals Microbiological quality of shellfish and evaluation of compact dry EC for detecting total coliforms and Escherichia coli

2020 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vásquez García ◽  
S.H. Gomes de Sá ◽  
G. de Sousa Silva ◽  
J.E. Mejia Ballesteros ◽  
E. Barbieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
The Mean

The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of oysters and mussels grown in Cananéia, Brazil, by analysing mesophiles, psychrothophic bacteria, moulds and yeasts, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella spp., and to compare the efficiency of Compact Dry EC method and the conventional method for counting of total coliforms and Escherichia coli. The microbial analysis showed that the mean values of mesophilic counts were 3.14±0.81 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.92±0.90 for mussels; the mean values of psychrophilic counts were 2.78±0.75 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.22±0.75 log CFU g−1 for mussels; the mean values of mould and yeast counts were 3.70±0.58 log CFU g−1 for oysters and 3.33±0.81 log CFU g−1 for mussels. Salmonella spp. did not present positive results, and the maximal count of Staphylococcus aureus was 1.7 log CFU g−1, therefore, within the limits established in the legislation. The correlation coefficients between the Compact Dry EC method and conventional method were >0.87 for total coliform and E. coli counts for both types of shellfish. The data in this study show that the Compact Dry EC method is an acceptable alternative to conventional methods for enumeration of total coliforms and E. coli in shellfish.

ColiComplete® Substrate-Supporting Disc Method for Confirmed Detection of Total Coliforms and Escherichia coli in All Foods: Comparative Study

1994 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip T Feldsine ◽  
Maria T Falbo-Nelson ◽  
David L Hustead
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Better Than

Abstract The ColiComplete® substrate-supporting disc (SSD) method for simultaneous confirmed total coliform count and Escherichia coli determination in all foods was compared with the AOAC most probable number (MPN) methods 966.23 and 966.24. In this comparative study, 20 water and food types were analyzed; 7 of these foods were naturally contaminated with coliform bacteria, 6 food types were naturally contaminated with E. coli, and the remaining foods were inoculated with coliform bacteria and/or E. coli. Data were analyzed separately for total coliform bacteria and for E. coli. Mean log MPN counts were determined by the SSD method and the appropriate AOAC MPN procedure. Results were then analyzed for mean log MPN differences and variance, according to methods described by AOAC INTERNATIONAL Results for both total conforms and E. coli indicate that the SSD method is equivalent to or better than AOAC MPN methods 966.23 and 966.24.

Prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Indicator Organisms on the Surface of Intact Subprimal Beef Cuts Prior to Further Processing

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1514-1517 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES E. KENNEDY ◽  
SALLY K. WILLIAMS ◽  
TED BROWN ◽  
PHIL MINERICH
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Total Coliforms ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Plate Counts ◽  
Collection Period

The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7, other E. coli strains, total coliforms, and aerobic organisms on the surface of subprimal beef cuts prior to enhancement. Subprimal cuts were sampled during winter (January and February 2004) and summer (August through October 2004). During each collection period, six representative subprimal cuts (chuck tenders, 0.64-cm trimmed strips, bottom round flat, rough-trimmed brisket, cap-on top rounds, and cap-off insides) were sampled. A total of 600 samples in winter (100 samples per cut) and 599 samples in summer (100 chuck tenders, 100 0.64-cm trimmed strips, 100 bottom round flats, 100 cap-off insides, 97 rough-trimmed briskets, and 102 cap-on top rounds) were collected from five plants in the Midwest, southern Midwest, northern Midwest, and Southeast and swabbed using the sponge swab method. All sponges were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7. In addition, 400 subprimal cuts from four plants were analyzed for aerobic plate counts, total coliforms, and other E. coli strains during each collection period. E. coli O157:H7 was not detected on any of the 1,199 subprimal samples; thus, incidence of E. coli O157:H7 was &lt;0.083%. Seasonal differences between aerobic plate counts and total coliform counts for each of the same cuts were 1.0 log CFU per cut or less. E. coli strains were not detected in 82, 52, 69, and 82% of the chuck tenders, 0.64-cm trimmed strips, bottom round flats, and cap-off insides, respectively.

Yeasts and coliform bacteria of water accumulated in bromeliads of mangrove and sand dune ecosystems of southeast Brazil

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen N. Hagler ◽  
Carlos A. Rosa ◽  
Paula B. Morais ◽  
Leda C. Mendonça-Hagler ◽  
Georgia M. O. Franco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Sand Dune ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Yeast Community ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ascomycetous Yeasts

Yeasts and coliform bacteria were isolated from water that accumulated in the central cups and adjacent leaf axilae of two bromeliads, Neoregelia cruenta of a coastal sand dune and Quesnelia quesneliana of a mangrove ecosystem near the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The mean total coliform counts were above 10 000 per 100 mL for waters of both plants, but the mean fecal coliform counts were only 74 per 100 mL for Q. quesneliana and mostly undetected in water from N. cruenta. Of 90 fecal coliform isolates, 51 were typical of Escherichia coli in colony morphology and indol, methyl red, Volges–Proskauer, and citrate (IMViC) tests. Seven representatives of the typical E. coli cultures were identified as this species, but the identifications of nine other coliform bacteria were mostly dubious. The yeast community of N. cruenta was typical of plant surfaces with basidiomycetous yeasts anamorphs, and the black yeast Aureobasidium pullulans was prevalent. Quesnelia quesneliana had a substantial proportion of ascomycetous yeasts and their anamorphs, including a probable new biotype of Saccharomyces unisporus. Our results suggested that the microbial communities in bromeliad waters are typically autochtonous and not contaminants.Key words: yeasts, fecal coliforms, bromeliad waters, mangrove, Restinga.

scholarly journals PROSTATE-SPECIFIC MEMBRANE ANTIGEN (PSMA) AS DIAGNOSTIC BIOMARKER IN PROSTATE CANCER

2022 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucky Frannata ◽  
Indrawarman Soeroharjo ◽  
Raden Danarto ◽  
Didik Setyo Heriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Antigen Expression ◽  
P Value ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Cancer Group ◽  
Malignant Group ◽  
Diagnose Prostate Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Benign Prostate

Objective: This study aimed to compare PSMA expression in both prostate cancer and benign prostate disease. Material & Methods: PSMA antigen expression was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), twenty samples from each prostate cancer and benign prostate group were examined at the Department of Pathology Anatomy, Sardjito General Hospital. The data was analyzed using version 21 of SPSS.  Results: The mean PSMA gene expression in benign groups was 13.49 [95% CI: 11.27 – 15.72] and the mean PSMA gene expression in the malignant group was: 25.14 [95% CI: 20.95-29.33], the p-value was <0.01. Using an independent T-test analysis, we found that the increase in PSMA gene expression in the prostate cancer group was statistically significant. Conclusion: The expression of the PSMA gene was correlated with prostate cancer. Increased PSMA gene expression in prostate tissue could be used as a biomarker to diagnose prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Cemaran Mikroba Escherichia coli dan Total Bakteri Koliform pada Air Minum Isi Ulang

2015 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Rolan Sudirman Pakpahan ◽  
Intje Picauly ◽  
I Nyoman W. Mahayasa
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Microbial Contamination ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Regression Test ◽  
Logistic Regression Test

AbstrakJumlah layanan air minum melalui depot air minum di Kota Kupangmeningkat dengan rata-rata 1,44 setiap tahun sejak 2010, sementara tidakterdapat jaminan kualitas air minum isi ulang memenuhi syarat setiap saat. Hasil pemeriksaan sampel air minum isi ulang di Kota Kupang tahun 2013 menunjukkan 37,5% tercemar mikroba. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis cemaran mikroba dan mengetahui determinan cemaran Escherichia coli (E. coli) dan total koliform pada air minum isi ulang. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi potong lintang periode Januari Maret 2015. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 51 depot air minum yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik total sampling. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji regresi logistik sederhana, dan analisis multivariat menggunakan regresi logistik berganda. Hasil penelitian terhadap 51 depot air minum menunjukkan air minum telah tercemar mikroba sebanyak 26 depot air minum (51%), tercemar E. coli 33,33%, dan tercemar total koliform 51%. Deteminan cemaran mikroba dengan uji bivariat adalah pengetahuan (nilai p = 0,01), sikap operator (nilai p = 0,05). Sedangkan determinan cemaran mikroba uji multivariat adalah pengetahuan operator (nilai p = 0,026), kebersihan operator (nilai p = 0,05) dan sanitasi depot air minum (nilai p = 0,044). Variabel yang paling dominan memengaruhi cemaran mikroba adalah pengetahuan, kebersihan operator, dan sanitasi depot air minum.AbstractAmount of drinking water services through drinking water depots in KupangCity is increasing in avarage of 1.44 every year since 2010, meanwhilethere is no guarantee that refill drinking water quality meets any requirement every time. Results of refill drinking water sample in Kupang City in 2013 showed the water was 37.5% contaminated by microbes. This study aimed to analyze microbial contamination and determine determinants of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and total Coliform on refill drinking water. This study used cross sectional design on January - March 2015. The population was 51 depots determined using total sampling technique. Data analysis was conducted in univariate, bivariate using simple logistic regression test and multivariate using multiple logistic regression test. Results showed drinking water contaminated by microbes worth 26 depots (51%), by E. coli 33.33% and by total Coliform 51%. Microbial contamination determinants using bivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.01) and behavior of operator (p value = 0.05). Meanwhile, microbial contamination determinants conducting multivariate were knowledge (p value = 0.026), hygiene of operator (p value = 0.05) and depot sanitation (p value = 0.044). Most dominating variables influencing microbial contamination are knowledge, operator’s hygiene and depot sanitation.

A New Technique for Escherichia coli Testing of Beef and Pork Carcasses†

2002 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. ERDMANN ◽  
J. S. DICKSON ◽  
M. A. GRANT
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Beef Carcasses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
A New Technique

A novel technique has been developed to monitor Escherichia coli contamination on carcasses using membrane filtration and m-ColiBlue24 (mCB). mCB is a membrane filtration medium that simultaneously detects total coliforms and E. coli (EC) in a period of 24 ± 4 h. A study was conducted, using a sponge method to obtain samples from pork carcasses and the excision technique to remove samples from beef carcasses, that compared mCB to standard methods. On pork carcasses (n = 77), the mean values for mCB and violet red bile agar were 7.4 CFU/15 cm2 and 6.1 CFU/15 cm2, respectively. The paired t test (P &gt; 0.05) indicated no significant difference between the two methods (t = 0.5; P = 0.6). Samples from beef carcasses (n = 57) were used to compare mCB to both coliform count and EC Petrifilm. Of these samples, 27 were artificially inoculated with cattle manure. The mean total coliform count was 4.2 log CFU/cm2 and 4.0 log CFU/cm2 on mCB and coliform count Petrifilm, respectively. The mean EC count on mCB was 4.0 log CFU/cm2 and 3.5 log CFU/cm2 on EC Petrifilm. When comparing mCB to both coliform count (t = 2.4; P = 0.02) and EC (t = 3.5; P &lt; 0.01) Petrifilm, paired t tests (P ≤ 0.05) indicated significant differences.

scholarly journals Bacterial Analysis of Different Types of Milk (Pasteurized, Unpasteurized and Raw Milk) Consumed in Kathmandu Valley

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 32-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarda Acharya ◽  
Nabin Kishor Bimali ◽  
Soni Shrestha ◽  
Binod Lekhak
Keyword(s):  
Raw Milk ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Coliform Count ◽  
Total Plate Count ◽  
Standard Guideline ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Mean

Objectives: The presence of pathogenic bacteria in milk is the major public health concern resulting in food borne illness. The aim of this study is to determine the microbial quality of three different types of milk consumed in Kathmandu Valley with respect to the acceptable standard guideline and measure the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolates.Methods: A total of 66 samples (16 pasteurized, 25 unpasteurized and 25 raw milk) were collected from various sites of Kathmandu Valley. Those samples were subjected for total plate count and total coliform count by pour plate method. Furthermore, identification was made for the presence of E. coli and S. aureus with biochemical tests.Results: The mean total plate count (TPC) of pasteurized, unpasteurized and raw milk was 1.2X106 cfu/ml, 2.3 X 107 cfu/ml and 2.0 X 107 cfu/ml respectively. And, the mean total coliform count (TCC) of pasteurized, unpasteurized and raw milk was 2.9 X 104cfu/ml, 6.3 X 105 cfu/ml and 1.6 X 105 cfu/ ml respectively. Coliforms were detected in 50%, 84% and 56% of the pasteurized, unpasteurized and raw milk sample respectively. E. coli and S. aureus were isolated from 18.8% and 12.5% of pasteurized, 40% and 16% of unpasteurized and 20% and 24% of the raw milk samples respectively. Among total E. coli isolates (n=18), 16.7% were susceptible to ampicillin whereas 100% isolates were susceptible to other tested antibiotics. Similarly, 33.3% and 66.7% of the isolated S. aureus were susceptible to penicillin and cefoxitin respectively, whereas all S. aureus isolates were sensitive to all other antibiotics.Conclusion: The mean value of TPC and TCC of pasteurized and raw milk exceed the standard guideline by FDA. Higher total plate count and presence of coliforms (also E. coli) and S. aureus in this study necessitates the close monitoring of the pasteurization process and post pasteurization process (packaging, transportation, storage etc.).  

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