scholarly journals Economic and Social Benefits of Growing Peanut Instead of Boro Rice in a Sweet Water Scarce Area of Coastal Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 29-41
Author(s):  
Hasneen Jahan ◽  
Sisir Mahanta ◽  
Kazi Shek Farid
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Coastal Bangladesh ◽  
Sweet Water ◽  
Water Scarce ◽  
Relative Profitability ◽  
Boro Rice

This study assessed the relative profitability and social impact of peanut cultivation over Boro rice production in a polder of coastal Bangladesh where there is a scarcity of sweet water for crop cultivation in the Rabi season. Sixty samples from a village namely Sekendarkhali of Amtali Upazila under Barguna district were randomly selected for the study. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, focus group discussion, and key informant interviews, and different quantitative and qualitative methods were used to explain the data. Cost and return analysis was performed to assess the relative profitability of the two crops. Major findings of the study show that per hectare total costs, gross return, gross margin, and net returns for peanut and Boro production were Tk. 116170 and Tk. 91632;  Tk. 132648 and Tk. 52419; Tk. 28540 and Tk. -27628; and Tk. 16478 and Tk. -39203, respectively, which indicate that peanut was more profitable than Boro rice. Moreover, benefit-cost ratios (BCR) of peanut and Boro rice production were found 1.14 and 0.57, respectively indicating peanut production is profitable for farmers in the study area but not the Boro rice production. It was also found that peanut cultivation has some positive social impacts. Adoption of peanut cultivation as a Rabi crop increases the cropping intensity of the study area, creates employment opportunities for both men and women, helps to ensure better nutritional status and better health of the farmers, helps the farmers to stay in the village and to build a better social relationship, increases the income of the farmers, and ensures a better standard of living. The study also identified some problems and constraints faced by the peanut growing farmers and suggested some recommendations to improve the present production of peanuts so that adoption and per hectare yield of peanut would possibly be increased.

scholarly journals PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF OFADA RICE PRODUCTION IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
E. O. OYEDEPO ◽  
A. A. ADEKANMBI
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Mechanical Equipment ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Ogun State ◽  
Profitability Analysis ◽  
Processing And Storage

The paper undertook an economic analysis of Ofada rice production in five prominent rice growing areas of Ogun State.  A two stage purposive sampling technique was employed to select a total of 120 rice farmers from five local government areas which are major areas known for Ofada rice production in the state. Primary data were collected for the study through structured questionnaire and Focus Group Discussion (FGD) among rice farmers groups in the study area. Analytical tools adopted for the study included frequency, percentages, gross margin analysis and profitability ratios. Results of the analysis showed that majority of Ofada rice producers in the study area are male (73.33%). In terms of age, more than half of the respondents fell within the age range of 41 -50 years (63.33%) these farmers were young and within their active productive lives. Results of the distribution of respondents by annual income in the study area revealed that majority of the respondents (60.83%) obtained an income of between ₦201,000 and ₦400,000.00 per hectare.  However, 22.50% of the respondents obtained an income of less than ₦200,000.00 per hectare. The gross ratio, operating ratio, return per naira invested and profitability index were calculated to be 0.95, 0.80, 1.90 and 1.80 respectively. The gross margin of rice production per hectare was also estimated to be ₦222,020.00. All these indicate overall profitability of the enterprise. However, an average low yield of 2.5 tonnes per hectare was recorded due to constraints encountered during production. Some of the identified constraints in the study area are lack of capital (25.83%), lack of tractor for land clearing (10.83%), lack of good farm roads (16.67%), and inadequate processing and storage facilities (11.67%). It is then recommended that access to adequate capital, mechanical equipment and other incentives through farmers’ cooperatives and government aid for construction of farm roads could help increase rice production in the area and this will in turn help Nigeria to achieve a much desired self-sufficiency in rice production.      

scholarly journals Financial profitability and resource use efficiency of boro rice production in some selected areas of Mymensingh in Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-300
Author(s):  
Rezoyana Kabir Rasha ◽  
Hafija Akter Liza ◽  
Shirajum Manjira ◽  
Mohammad Mizanul Haque Kazal ◽  
Shah Johir Rayhan
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Cost Ratio ◽  
Resource Use Efficiency ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Boro Rice

Bangladesh is predominantly an agricultural country. Agriculture provides employment to nearly about 47.33 percent of its total labor forces (BER, 2015). Broad agriculture sector which includes crops, livestock, fisheries and forestry contributes 16 percent to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a whole in the FY 2013-14 (BER, 2016). Mymensingh district was selected for the study to calculate the profitability and to assess the resource use efficiency of Boro rice production. Simple random sampling technique had been used for collecting data from 60 sample farmers through interview schedule. Both descriptive studies and functional analysis was done to achieve the objectives of the study. The findings of the study revealed that per hectare gross return, net return, and gross margin were found to be BTD110680.00, BTD 25208.94 and BTD 48158.95, respectively. Total costs of rice production were calculated at BTD 85471.06 per hectare. Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was found to be 1.29 for Boro rice production. Thus it was found that Boro rice production was profitable. Production function analysis suggested that, among the variables included in the model, quantity of seed, animal labor and power tiller cost, No. of human labor, quantity of fertilizer, cost of irrigation, had a positive and significant effect on the gross yield of Boro rice production, except for cost of manure and cost of pesticides had an insignificant effect on the gross yield of rice production. Efficiency analysis indicated that most of the farmers inefficiently used their inputs. This study also identified some problems associated with Boro rice production. Problems faced by the farmers were ranked on the basis of corresponding percentages. This study provides appropriate suggestion and policy recommendations which will help the development agencies and policy makers of the country for improving the livelihood of the people in the study area. Res. Agric., Livest. Fish.5(3): 293-300, December 2018

scholarly journals Study on Agronomically and Economically Dominant Cropping Patterns in Some Selected Areas of Barisal District

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Jahangir Kabir ◽  
Md Monirul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Group Discussion ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
High Price ◽  
Good Prospect ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Rabi Season ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Cropping Patterns ◽  
Rabi Crops ◽  
Boro Rice

The study area was Shanuhar village of Babugonj Upazila of Barisal district, which was selected purposively based on agronomic suitability of growing Rabi crops. Necessary data were collected through focus group discussion (FGD) with 30 farmers including small, medium, and large farm households, school teachers, village leaders all the remaining by using pre design check list and structure schedule during May 2007 considering Rabi season of 2006-2007. Usually, farmers of the village could not sow their crops within the optimum  time. They transplanted Aman rice in late due to inundation of land and planting of Rabi crops in late because of land unsuitability and long duration of T. Aman rice. Boro rice was adopted about 75% of the cropped area in Rabi season and but yield was low because of inadequate irrigation facilities. In contrast wheat  needs comparatively less irrigation than Boro rice. Moreover, mungbean, mustard, lentil and grass pea produce reasonability good yield in rainfed condition. About 20- 25 % land become suitable for seeding wheat by first week of December after harvesting NfV T. Aman which indicated good prospect of   growing wheat in the study village. Wheat is a more profitable Rabi crop than   other crops like grass pea, mustard, lentil. Farmers earned the highest per  hectare gross return (Tk.98646) and gross margin (Tk.22870) from the Wheat – Aus rice -T. Aman rice pattern whereas Boro rice - Fallow - T. Aman pattern produced the lowest gross return (Tk.65918) and gross margin (Tk.10134). Higher benefit was achieved from the pattern Wheat –Aus rice -T. Aman rice because of less production cost and high price of wheat grain, though three   cereals crops could exhaust soil nutrient so that Mungbean-Aus rice – T. Aman pattern may be alternate option to sustain soil health as well as productivity of   the selected area. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjar.v37i1.11177 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 37(1): 55-65, March 2012

scholarly journals Appraisal of Issues Influencing Soil-Steps Application for Sustainable Farmland Management in High-Potential District, Ethiopia

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 102
Author(s):  
Mehretie Belay
Keyword(s):  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Study Data ◽  
High Potential ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Chi Square Test

Soil damage by moving water is a somber predicament on farmlands in highland Ethiopia. Sizeable number of trial in farmland preservation has been executed to handle the crisis during the last tens of years. However, the attempts have not been vibrant to trim-down the danger to an attractive extent. This paper evaluates factors contributing to application of soil-steps (bunds) as sustainable farmland management technology (SFLMT) by smallholder farmers in one of the high-potential districts of northwest Ethiopia named Dangila Woreda (District). Mixed method triangulation designs involving concurrent acquisition and interpretation of quantitative and qualitative data were used in the study. Data were acquired from randomly chosen 201 farming households during the harvest seasons of 2011 and 2012. Ordered questionnaire, participatory field observation, key informant interview and focus group discussion were mechanisms employed during the data acquisition. Descriptive statistics (means, standard deviations and percentiles), Chi-square test, t-test and the binary logistic regression model were used to analyze the quantitative data. The qualitative information was textually narrated to augment the quantitative results. Findings of the investigation confirm that age of the household head, the number of household members, slope of the farmland, the size of the farmland held, households’ participation in indigenous labour-sharing activities and the number of farm tools owned were significantly increasing the building of soil-steps as SFLMT in the study district. Involvement in off-farm activities and pest invasions were considerably hindering farmers from building soil-steps on their farmlands. The results in general indicated that households’ access to livelihood assets are key promoters for farmers’ implementation of soil-steps on their farmlands. Local resource preservation and improvement trials should thus ponder on convalescing farmers’ material endowments to improve their capability to use soil-steps as SFLMT in their farming activities.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF COST AND RETURNS IN RICE PRODUCTION BY USAID-MARKETS II PROJECT PARTICIPANTS AND NON-PARTICIPANTS IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ogechi Cordelia Nwahia
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
International Agencies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Project Participants ◽  
The Government

This research work focused on analysis of cost and returns in rice production by USAID-MARKETS II project participants and non-participants in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was employed to select 239 participants, and 252 non- participants for the study. Data were collected from primary source, and analyzed using Z statistic, Net Farm Income (NFI) and Returns Per Naira Invested (RNI). The result reveals that the Net Farm Income (NFI) obtained by USAID-MARKETS II project participants, and non-participants were N493, 067.55/ha, and N353, 408. 12/ha respectively while the return on investment obtained by them were N3.28k, and N3.05k respectively. There was a significant difference between the profits obtained by them. Therefore, this study recommended that the teaming unemployed Nigerian youth should be encourage by the government, and international agencies through provision of grant/loan to take up rice farming as a business.

scholarly journals DETERMINANTS OF AGRICULTURAL LOAN DECISION MAKING PROCESS FOR RICE (ORYZA SATIVA) FARMERS IN ABUJA, NIGERIA. APPLICATIONS OF HECKMAN TWO-STAGE MODEL AND FACTOR ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi ◽  
Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele ◽  
Mohammed Bello Usman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Production ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Rice Farmers ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Socio Economic Factors

This study focuses on determinants of the agricultural loan decision-making process of rice (Oryza sativa) farmers in Abuja, Nigeria, using the Heckman two-stage model and factor analysis. This study was designed specifically to achieve the following objectives: determine the socio-economic profiles or characteristics of rice farmers, analyze the costs and returns of rice production, evaluate factors influencing rice farmers’ decision to obtain an agricultural loan, evaluate socio-economic factors influencing the amount of the agricultural loan, and determine the constraints or problems facing rice farmers. A multi-stage sampling design was employed. A total sample of one hundred (100) rice farmers was included, and primary data were utilized. Data were obtained through the use of a well-structured and well-designed questionnaire. Statistical and econometric tools used in analyzing data included descriptive statistics, gross margin analysis, financial analysis, the Heckman two-stage model, and principal component analysis. The results show that 63% of rice farmers were between the age of 31–50 years. The mean age was 41.90 years. About 65% of rice farmers were male, and 54% of them were married. Also, 93% of rice farmers had formal education and were literate. The household sizes were large, with an average of six persons per household. An average of 71,550 nairas was the loan amount granted to rice farmers by financial institutions. The average farm size amounted to 1.49 hectares. Factors influencing the decision of rice farmers to obtain agricultural loan included age (P < 0.01), marital status (P < 0.05), household size (P < 0.10), educational level (P < 0.05), farm size (P < 0.05), farm and non-farm income (P < 0.10), farm experience (P < 0.05), collateral property (P < 0.05), extension services (P < 0.10), and awareness of loan or credit facilities (P < 0.05). Rice production was profitable with a net farm income of 744,300 nairas. The gross margin ratio of 0.95 means that 95 kobos covered profits, taxes, expenses, interest, and depreciation for every naira invested in rice production activities. Socio-economic factors statistically and significantly influencing the amount of agricultural loan obtained by rice farmers included (P < 0.05) sex (P < 0.01), household size (P < 0.05) and educational level (P < 0.01). The constraints facing rice farmers in obtaining the agricultural loan and production activities included lack of collateral property, lack of fertilizer input, poor-quality feeder roads, lack of credit facilities, inadequate labor input, and complicated and costly administrative procedures to obtain a loan. It is recommended that agricultural loans be made available to rice farmers in sufficient amounts and at low-interest rates. Also, farm inputs, fertilizer inputs, improved seeds, and chemicals should be made available to rice farmers

scholarly journals Child Marriage among Maasai Girl Students in Tanzania: The Case of Kilosa District

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-71
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ndaula
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Child Marriage ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
The Government ◽  
Girl Students

This study explored the reasons for persistence of child marriage among Maasai girl-students in Tanzania. Three research questions guided this study, namely: Why does girl students’ marriage among the Maasai community of Tanzania continue to exist? What is the position of education stakeholders in protecting girls from child marriage? What strategies should be taken to address child marriage in the Maasai community? The study employed qualitative research approach where a case study design was used to explore the problem. It adopted interviews, focus group discussion and observations as research methods. Purposive and snowball sampling strategies were employed to get 39 participants who were involved in this study. Data were analysed qualitatively through thematic analysis strategies. The findings revealed that child marriage is still practiced in the Maasai community where the legible age for marriage of Maasai girls range from 6 to 15 years depending on the number of competing men and the economic status of the family of the boy or girl. Society members employ persuasion and pressure, transfer of students, pregnancy and corruption to enable marriage of Maasai girl students. In addition, the findings revealed that Maasai traditions and customs, fear of early pregnancies, corruption and irresponsibility of leaders, poverty and undervaluing of education are the factors contributing to persistence of child marriage among the Maasai girl students. The study recommends that the government in collaboration with other stakeholders should aggressively implement laws protecting children. A close monitoring of local leaders’ actions by top government leaders to help combating child marriage is also recommended. Moreover, joint efforts are needed to educate society members and girl-students on the negative impact of child marriage and the importance of girls’ education.

scholarly journals Performance of BARI developed USG applicator in boro rice field

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-81
Author(s):  
MA Rahaman ◽  
MM Rahman ◽  
MM Uddin ◽  
M Ahmed ◽  
S Roy
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Economic Performance ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Field Efficiency ◽  
Boro Rice

A trial was conducted at the FSRD site, Elenga and MLT site, Ghatail, Tangail during 2011-12 and 2012-13 to test the performance of the BARI developed USG applicator in boro rice and to find out the economic performance of the USG applicator in the farmers’ field. The BARI developed USG applicator was tested against the USG application by hand and the conventional method of granular urea application. The average higher grain yield (7.05 t ha-1 and 7.07 t ha-1) of two years were obtained from the plot of USG application with BARI applicator in the both locations, respectively   The highest gross return (120410 Tk. ha-1 & 20290 Tk. ha-1) and gross margin (64346 Tk. ha-1 and 62164 Tk. ha-1) during 1011-12 and 2012-13 were obtained from the plots treated with USG by BARI applicator at the FSRD site Elenga and MLT site Ghatail,  respectively. Field efficiency of BARI USG applicator and hand application was 0.12   hah-1 and 0.027 hah-1, respectively. BARI USG applicator saved time 77.65% compared to that of hand application of USG  in boro rice field. It also saved labor cost against the USG application by hand and reduces 33% urea over the granular urea application in conventional method.Bangladesh Agron. J. 2014, 17(2): 77-81

COVID-19) PANDEMIC ON CHILDREN WITH SPEECH AND LANGUAGE DISORDERS AND THEIR FAMILIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (15) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
elife barmak ◽  
Mariam Kavakcı
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
Language Disorders ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Speech And Language ◽  
Daily Life Activities ◽  
Questionnaire Form ◽  
Psychosocial Conditions ◽  
June July ◽  
Speech And Language Disorders

Objective: The aim is to determine the effects of the covid-19 pandemic on the functions and psychosocial conditions of children with speech and language disorders and their families. Material-Metod: Within the scope of the study, a questionnaire form created by the researchers through "Google Forms" was applied online to 70 families with speech and language disorders and 30 families with healthy children, feedback was obtained from the families of 100 children. In the questionnaire form applied to the families; before and during the covid-19 pandemic, there are questions about families' quality time with their children, daily life activities, emotional and anxiety situations. Study data were collected between June-July 2020. Results: Spending quality time with their families before the pandemic was significantly higher in the group with speech and language disorders compared to the families of the healthy group (p <0.05). During the pandemic, an increase in the use of television, tablets and computers was observed in the majority of children in both groups. In addition, families in both groups were found to have moderate/high levels of fear of transmission of the covid-19 virus to one of their families. Conclusion: It has been observed that the function and psycho-social impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on children with speech and language disorders and their families is similar to healthy children and their families. In particular, it has been observed that all families experience intense fear of transmission of the disease during this epidemic process, also have high levels of anxiety about future.

Assessment of profitability and risk management in vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 029-035
Author(s):  
Akinbola Adeyose Emmanuel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sampling Procedure ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Ogun State

The study examined the performance and risk management of vegetable production in Ogun State, Nigeria. A multistage sampling procedure was used to select 120 respondents for the study. Data were collected through a well-structured questionnaire and personal interview schedule. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as Ordinary Least Square (OLS) were used for the analysis of this study. The results found out that lack of discriminating pricing system, conflict in policy making, and high cost of inputs affect the market prices and as well serve as the main production risks that were observed by the farmers in the area. The average cost incurred for the production was about ₦6,908, while the total revenue accrued was ₦41,751. The gross margin and net farm income realized per production season were ₦36,973 and ₦34,843, respectively. The value (6.0) of return on investment showed that farmers realized times six of their investment. The variables such as household size, farm size, fertilizer application and equipment were the main determinants of vegetable production in the area. Also, the main challenges faced by the farmers were the infestation of pests and diseases, inadequate funds and climate change consequences. Therefore, it is recommended that the vegetable farmers should be encouraged through technical training on innovative approach to price determination and forming of functioning market structure in the area.

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