Additional Transportation Costs benefit Consumer Surplus and Social Welfare in a Bilateral Duopoly

Este trabalho tem como objetivo conhecer as contribuições do pedagogo nos Centros de Referência e Assistência Social (CRAS), na cidade de Imperatriz-MA. Com abordagem qualitativa, a coleta de dados foi realizada em um período correspondente a um mês; desse total de tempo, uma parte foi dedicada à observação da rotina das atividades realizadas no CRAS e a outra às entrevistas com os pedagogos que atuam nas unidades, para saber como trabalham e quais são as contribuições desses profissionais para os CRAS. Com base na observação e na análise dos dados, foi possível perceber que os pedagogos participam da equipe técnica, que é responsável pelo acompanhamento das famílias cadastradas no CRAS, de palestras, do atendimento dos grupos e do Serviço de Convivência e Fortalecimento de Vínculos, além de realizar o planejamento das atividades e dos projetos que serão executados pela unidade, com os outros profissionais que compõem a equipe do CRAS.Palavras-chave: Pedagogos; Assistência Social; Direitos; Planejamento.OTHER SPACES, NEW KNOWLEDGE: the pedagogue of operations in Reference Center and Social Assistance – CRAS at Imperatriz-MAABSTRACTThis study aimed to know the teacher's contributions in the Reference Centers and Social Assistance in the city of Imperatriz-MA. With a qualitative approach to data collection was carried out in a period of one month of the total time two weeks were devoted to observing the routine of activities at CRAS and the other two weeks to interviews with teachers working in units to find out how they work and what are the contributions of these professionals to the CRAS. Based on observation and analysis of the data, it was observed that the teachers participating in the technical team that is responsible for monitoring the families enrolled in CRAS, lectures, attendance groups and Living Services and Strengthening Linkages, and carry out the planning of activities and projects to be executed by the unit along with the other professionals who make up the CRAS team. Keywords: pedagogues, social welfare, rights, planning.Keywords: Pedagogues; Social Welfare; Rights; Planning. OTROS ESPACIOS, LOS NUEVOS CONOCIMIENTOS: el papel del pedagogo en el Centro de Referencia y Asistencia Social – CRAS, en Imperatriz-MARESUMENEste estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer la contribución del pedagogo en los Centros de Referencia y Asistencia Social en la ciudad de Imperatriz-MA. Con un enfoque cualitativo para la recolección de datos se llevó a cabo en un período de un mes del tiempo total de dos semanas se dedicaron a observar la rutina de actividades en CRAS y las otras dos semanas para las entrevistas con los maestros que trabajan en unidades para averiguar cómo funcionan y cuáles son las contribuciones de estos profesionales al CRAS. Con base en la observación y análisis de los datos, se observó que los profesores participantes en el equipo técnico que se encarga de supervisar las familias inscritas en el CRAS, conferencias, los grupos de servicio y la convivencia y conexiones para fortalecer Servicio, y llevar a cabo la planificación de las actividades y proyectos a ser ejecutados por la unidad junto con los otros profesionales que conforman el equipo de CRAS.Palabras clave: Pedagogos; El Bienestar Social; Los Derechos; La Planificación.

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Endogenous Timing in Vertically-Related Markets

The B E Journal of Theoretical Economics ◽

10.1515/bejte-2016-0103 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hong-Ren Din ◽

Chia-Hung Sun

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Price Competition ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

The Other ◽

Endogenous Timing ◽

Price Strategy ◽

Quantity Competition ◽

Sequential Game ◽

Product Substitutability

Abstract This paper investigates the theory of endogenous timing by taking into account a vertically-related market where an integrated firm competes with a downstream firm. Contrary to the standard results in the literature, we find that both firms play a sequential game in quantity competition and play a simultaneous game in price competition. Under mixed quantity-price competition, the firm choosing a price strategy moves first and the other firm choosing a quantity strategy moves later in equilibrium. Given that the timing of choosing actions is determined endogenously, aggregate profit (consumer surplus) is higher (lower) under price competition than under quantity competition. Lastly, social welfare is higher under quantity competition than under price competition when the degree of product substitutability is relatively low.

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Partial Cross-Ownership, Cost Asymmetries, and Welfare

Economics Research International ◽

10.1155/2015/324507 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luciano Fanti

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Policy Implication ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

The Other ◽

Total Output ◽

Cournot Duopoly ◽

Cross Ownership ◽

The Cross

The present study analyses the effects on social welfare of the existence of cross-participation at ownership level in a Cournot duopoly. We show that cross-participation, although it lowers the degree of competition by reducing total output and consumer surplus, may increase social welfare, provided that (i) the firm owned by a single shareholder is less efficient than the other (cross-participated) firm and (ii) the size of the market is not too large. Therefore, the policy implication is that larger cross-participations at ownership level should be favoured, despite their anticompetitive nature, when the cross-participated firm is relatively more efficient and the extent of the market is not too large.

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The Business of Homelessness

Practicing Anthropology ◽

10.17730/0888-4552.39.1.33 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 33-35

Author(s):

Joe Baldwin

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Social Welfare ◽

Service Provision ◽

Ethnographic Study ◽

The Other ◽

Service Users ◽

Organizational Growth ◽

Frontline Workers ◽

The One ◽

The City

Rather than the streets, the focus of this article will be upon other spaces in the city that homeless individuals occupy. Within a context of the purported punitive or revanchist city, the paper examines a seemingly more accommodating, social welfare response to homelessness—“spaces of care”—enacted by frontline workers who interact with homeless individuals in one mostly volunteer-run day center in Brighton, United Kingdom (Cloke et al, 2010: 10). The research focused on how the organization is financed because of a shift in model of funding—from a reliance on smaller donations to relationships with larger corporate organizations—and how this affected service provision. I surmise that funding from larger corporate organizations does not usually come with conditions, but what was found at the day center was that the presence of the funders created limitations on what the service could and could not do with its service-users. Drawing on the research carried out from an ethnographic study of a mostly volunteer-run homeless day center based in central Brighton. The focus of this article is on these funding relationships in order to assess the tensions organizations like the day center in Brighton face between, on the one hand, organizational growth and restructuring in order to provide good quality services, and the freedom for its frontline workers to outwardly contest the punitive measures that their service-users experience on the other.

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Imposing tariff or implementing subsidy?

Journal of Modelling in Management ◽

10.1108/jm2-10-2018-0165 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 727-781

Author(s):

Zhisong Chen ◽

Shong-Iee Ivan Su ◽

Huimin Wang

Keyword(s):

Social Welfare ◽

Trade Policy ◽

Fair Trade ◽

Consumer Surplus ◽

The Other ◽

Subsidy Policy ◽

Content Type ◽

Modeling Approach ◽

Policy Alternatives ◽

Stage Game

Purpose In the context of the trade war in full swing, the global supply chain systems have experienced a serious shock and become very vulnerable. The purpose of this paper is to explore the intertwining effects between the export-supporting subsidy policy and the import-deterring tariff policy to develop better insights for trade policy-making under the intra-industry-trade (IIT) conflicts. The research results may provide the trade policy makers and international businesses with better insights in making rational trade policy and business decisions. Design/methodology/approach Two-stage game-/bargaining-theoretical models for the dual competing international supply chains with a unilateral/bilateral tariff imposing or subsidy implementing under six different scenarios of IIT conflict are developed, analyzed and compared. On this basis, the corresponding numerical analyses are conducted to assess the impact of the tariff and subsidy policies and derive the trade policy implications and business insights. Findings The research results indicate that: (1) the bilateral subsidy implementing from both governments is the best policy for all stakeholders in two countries, which would lead to the highest profits, social welfare and consumer surplus than those of the other scenarios; (2) the bilateral tariff imposing of both governments is the worst policy for all stakeholders in two countries, which would lead to the lowest profits, social welfare and consumer surplus than those of the other scenarios; (3) the fair trade scenario without tariff imposing and subsidy implementing turns out to be the second-best trade policy for the governments. Under the World Trade Organization rule and fair-trade principles, the bilateral subsidy policy is not allowed in most of the cases. Thus, adopting a fair-trade policy may be the most appropriate trade policy for two trading countries. Originality/value The modeling approach developed for this study is original and innovative due to the following characteristics. First, based on three trade policy alternatives – fair trade, tariff imposing and subsidy implementing – of two generic governments under IIT conflict, nine different combinations of three policy alternatives are defined. Second, excluding the symmetrical combinations, six IIT conflict scenarios under various tariff/subsidy policy pairs ranging from no conflict to high conflict are assumed for two dual competing international supply chains. Third, a novel two-stage game-/bargaining-theoretical modeling approach is applied to investigate the optimal/equilibrium decisions regarding pricing, ordering quantity and their critical economic outcomes for all possible trade policy scenarios. Fourth, this study lays down a research foundation for the future trade conflict study using a game-theoretical modeling approach.

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Pengaruh Kotbah, Musik Gereja Dan Fasilitas Gereja Terhadap Tingkat Kehadiran Jemaat

Journal Kerusso ◽

10.33856/kerusso.v1i1.42 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-15

Author(s):

Frederich Oscar Lontoh

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Church Music ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Descriptive Analysis ◽

Target Population ◽

The Other ◽

Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽

Christian Church ◽

The City

This research is titled " The influence of sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance”. The purpose of research is to identify and analyze whether sermon, church music and church facilities have influence on the the level of attendance. The target population in this study is a Christian church members who live in the city of Surabaya.. Sample required is equal to 47 respondents. Through sampling stratified Random techniques.These influence was measured using Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis, t-test and analysis of variance. Descriptive analysis were taken to analyze the level of attendance according to demographic groups.The hypothesis in this study are the sermon, church music and church facilities have positive and significant on the level of attendance. The results showed that collectively, there are positive and significant correlation among the sermon, church music and church facilities on the level of attendance 96,2%. It means that 96,2 % of level of attendance influenced by sermon, church music and church facilities and the other 28,9% by others. All of the variable partially have significant correlation to level of attendance.

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KONSEP DIRI “ I “ DAN “ME” TOKOH HIROKO DALAM NOVEL NAMAKU HIROKO KARYA NH.DINI

Sosial & Humaniora ◽

10.24123/jsh.v5i2.688 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 109

Author(s):

Besin Gaspar

Keyword(s):

Point Of View ◽

The Other ◽

Self Concept ◽

The Novel ◽

Main Character ◽

Fictional Character ◽

Social Customs ◽

The Social ◽

The Village ◽

The City

This research deals with the development of self concept of Hiroko as the main character in Namaku Hiroko by Nh. Dini and tries to identify how Hiroko is portrayed in the story, how she interacts with other characters and whether she is portrayed as a character dominated by ”I” element or ”Me” element seen from sociological and cultural point of view. As a qualitative research in nature, the source of data in this research is the novel Namaku Hiroko (1967) and the data ara analyzed and presented deductively. The result of this analysis shows that in the novel, Hiroko as a fictional character is portrayed as a girl whose personality develops and changes drastically from ”Me” to ”I”. When she was still in the village l iving with her parents, she was portrayed as a obedient girl who was loyal to the parents, polite and acted in accordance with the social customs. In short, her personality was dominated by ”Me” self concept. On the other hand, when she moved to the city (Kyoto), she was portrayed as a wild girl no longer controlled by the social customs. She was firm and determined totake decisions of her won for her future without considering what other people would say about her. She did not want to be treated as object. To put it in another way, her personality is more dominated by the ”I” self concept.

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STUDY OF ORNAMENTS IN HUNTO SULTAN AMAY MOSQUE GORONTALO

ARTic ◽

10.34010/artic.v4i0.2418 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 167-176

Author(s):

Risti Puspita Sari Hunowu

Keyword(s):

Qualitative Method ◽

The Other ◽

Visual Form ◽

Research Material ◽

Other Hand ◽

The World ◽

Existing Form ◽

The City ◽

Dutch Colonial

This research is aimed at studying the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque located in Gorontalo City. Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque is the oldest mosque in the city of Gorontalo The Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque was built as proof of Sultan Amay's love for a daughter and is a representation of Islam in Gorontalo. Researchers will investigate the visual form of the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque which was originally like an ancient mosque in the archipelago. can be seen from the shape of the roof which initially used an overlapping roof and then converted into a dome as well as mosques in the world, we can be sure the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque uses a dome roof after the arrival of Dutch Colonial. The researcher used a qualitative method by observing the existing form in detail from the building of the mosque with an aesthetic approach, reviewing objects and selecting the selected ornament giving a classification of the shapes, so that the section became a reference for the author as research material. Based on the analysis of this thesis, the form of the Hunto Sultan Amay mosque as well as the mosques located in the archipelago and the existence of ornaments in the Hunto Sultan Amay Mosque as a decorative structure support the grandeur of a mosque. On the other hand, Hunto Mosque ornaments reveal a teaching. The form of a teaching is manifested in the form of motives and does not depict living beings in a realist or naturalist manner. the decorative forms of the Hunto Sultan Sultan Mosque in general tend to lead to a form of flora, geometric ornaments, and ornament of calligraphy dominated by the distinctive colors of Islam, namely gold, white, red, yellow and green.

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A utopia do direito à cidade: Possibilidades de superação da dicotomia favela-bairro no Rio de Janeiro

GEOgraphia ◽

10.22409/geographia2005.714.a13491 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (14) ◽

Author(s):

Márcio Piñon de Oliveira

Keyword(s):

Rio De Janeiro ◽

The Other ◽

Right To The City ◽

Other Hand ◽

The Right ◽

The City

A utopia do direito à cidade, no caso específico do Rio de Janeiro, começa, obrigatoriamente, pela superação da visão dicotômica favela-cidade. Para isso, é preciso que os moradores da favela possam sentir-se tão cidadãos quanto os que têm moradias fora das favelas. A utopia do direito à cidade tem de levar a favela a própria utopia da cidade. Uma cidade que não se fragmente em oposições asfalto-favela, norte-sul, praia-subúrbio e onde todos tenham direito ao(s) seu(s) centro(s). Oposições que expressam muito mais do que diferenças de localização e que se apresentam recheadas de segregação, estereótipos e ideologias. Por outro lado, o direito a cidade, como possibilidade histórica, não pode ser pensado exclusivamente a partir da favela. Mas as populações que aí habitam guardam uma contribuição inestimável para a construção prática desse direito. Isso porque, das experiências vividas, emergem aprendizados e frutificam esperanças e soluções. Para que a favela seja pólo de um desejo que impulsione a busca do direito a cidade, é necessário que ela se pense como parte da história da própria cidade e sua transformação em metrópole.Abstract The right to the city's utopy specifically in Rio de Janeiro, begins by surpassing the dichotomy approach between favela and the city. For this purpose, it is necessary, for the favela dwellers, the feeling of citizens as well as those with home outside the favelas. The right to the city's utopy must bring to the favela the utopy to the city in itself- a non-fragmented city in terms of oppositions like "asphalt"-favela, north-south, beach-suburb and where everybody has right to their center(s). These oppositions express much more the differences of location and present themselves full of segregation, stereotypes and ideologies. On the other hand, the right to the city, as historical possibility, can not be thought just from the favela. People that live there have a contribution for a practical construction of this right.

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Analysis of Operational Efficiencies and Costs for Extracting Thinned Woods in Small-Scale Forestry, Nasunogahara Area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan

Environmental Sciences Proceedings ◽

10.3390/iecf2020-07861 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Kazuhiro Aruga

Keyword(s):

Transportation Costs ◽

The Other ◽

Small Scale ◽

Light Truck ◽

Operation Costs ◽

Other Hand ◽

Light Trucks ◽

The Cost ◽

Manual Extraction ◽

Truck Transportation

In this study, two operational methodologies to extract thinned woods were investigated in the Nasunogahara area, Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. Methodology one included manual extraction and light truck transportation. Methodology two included mini-forwarder forwarding and four-ton truck transportation. Furthermore, a newly introduced chipper was investigated. As a result, costs of manual extractions within 10 m and 20 m were JPY942/m3 and JPY1040/m3, respectively. On the other hand, the forwarding cost of the mini-forwarder was JPY499/m3, which was significantly lower than the cost of manual extractions. Transportation costs with light trucks and four-ton trucks were JPY7224/m3 and JPY1298/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances. Chipping operation costs were JPY1036/m3 and JPY1160/m3 with three and two persons, respectively. Finally, the total costs of methodologies one and two from extraction within 20 m to chipping were estimated as JPY9300/m3 and JPY2833/m3, respectively, with 28 km transportation distances and three-person chipping operations (EUR1 = JPY126, as of 12 August 2020).

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