scholarly journals Clinical and epidemiological features of the new coronavirus infection COVID 19 in the central black region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
IE Esaulenko ◽  
VI Popov ◽  
TN Petrova ◽  
AYu Goncharov
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Regional Features ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
Quality Of Medical Care ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Main Thing

The article provides an analysis of a large-scale epidemic outbreak caused by human coronaviruses. The epidemiological situation in the world and the Russian Federation is analyzed, which forced specialists to significantly increase the level of epidemiological danger from coronaviruses. The epidemic situations of the incidence in six regions of the Central Black Earth Region are described, the dynamics and regional features of the spread and nature of the course of the new coronavirus infection Covid-19 are generalized and systematized. Some epidemiological aspects of this infection in the territory of the Voronezh region are described. The dynamics of the epidemic process is described and a number of epidemiological indicators are analyzed (daily increase in morbidity and mortality, distribution of the duration of lethal diseases, risk groups, etc.). The clinical and epidemiological features of the combined forms of infections are analyzed: the prevalence of a moderate course, the risk of complications in risk groups. The difficulty of verifying this infection from other viral infections based on the clinical picture, the high virulence and severity of the course has been established. It was shown that the mobilization of health care to combat coronavirus infection revealed the main thing: the health care system has resources and mechanisms through which it is possible to quickly switch to work in extreme conditions. New hospitals and beds, re-equipment with diagnostic and resuscitation equipment, accelerated retraining of doctors. All this was effective evidence that an adequate potential supply of resources will not only reduce the consequences of possible epidemics in the future, but also during the period outside the epidemic will help accelerate the adoption of effective decisions and improve the quality of medical care for the population.

scholarly journals Clinical and Epidemiological Features of New Polyethiologic Viral Infections

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 4-12
Author(s):  
V. V. Shkarin ◽  
O. V. Kovalyshen ◽  
R. F. Chanysheva ◽  
A. V. Sergeeva ◽  
A. A. Rassokhin
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Human Bocavirus ◽  
Type B ◽  
Human Coronavirus ◽  
Epidemiological Features

The review article summarizes and systematizes scientific data on the pathogens of new respiratory infections discovered in the early XXI century – Human metapneumovirus (HMPV), Human bocavirus (HBoV), Human coronavirus (HCoV). Groups of microorganisms with which they act as associates are identified: other viruses (HMPV – HRSV, Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, HCoV; НBoV– Rhinovirus, HRSV, Rotavirus, Norovirus; HCoV – Influenza virus, Adenovirus and HRSV), and also some bacteria (HMPV – S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae type b; НBoV – S. enteritidis, C. jejune; HCoV – M. pneumoniae, K. pneumoniae). The clinical and epidemiological features of combined forms of infections are analyzed: predominance of moderate course, with risk of complications, risk groups (young children), seasonality (autumn-winter). The complexity of verification of these infections from other viral infections based on the clinical picture is established.

scholarly journals Acute respiratory infections in outpatient care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role and position of antibacterial therapy

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 214-218
Author(s):  
R.F. Khamitov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Care Costs

Acute respiratory infections of the upper and lower respiratory tract are currently the leading cause of human morbidity, mainly due to the seasonal rise of the incidence rates of viral infections. This results in the heavy burden of annual health care costs. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the problem. The associations between respiratory viruses and bacteria are not always clear thus accounting for the diversity of the risks of the complicated course and fatal outcomes of various bacterial viral coinfections. Influenza virus is associated with the high rate of bacterial complications (in particular, during seasonal peaks). Meanwhile, this is less typical of the novel coronavirus infection. In addition, several studies demonstrate the competitive edge of SARS-CoV-2 when interacting with other respiratory viruses. The specificities of viral bacterial associations greatly affect the treatment whose inadequacy (in particular, the prescription of antibiotics) is the leading cause of the increasing antimicrobial resistance of contemporary germs. The novel coronavirus infection SARS-CoV-2 is no exception in terms of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing as occurred often in the seasonal rise of acute respiratory viral infections. The understanding of this issue, the optimization of treatment strategies, and a reduction in health care costs will allow for preserving antibiotics as a class of highly effective medications. KEYWORDS: acute respiratory infections, COVID-19, bacterial coinfection, outpatient care, lung damage, antimicrobial therapy. FOR CITATION: Khamitov R.F. Acute respiratory infections in outpatient care in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic: the role and position of antibacterial therapy. Russian Medical Inquiry. 2020;4(4):214–218. DOI: 10.32364/2587-6821-2020-4-4-214-218.

scholarly journals Tuberculosis in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: what to expect and how to act?

2020 ◽  
pp. 283-285
Author(s):  
L.D. Todorico
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Monitoring ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Bcg Vaccine ◽  
Immunosuppressive Effect ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Latent Tb ◽  
Coronavirus Infection

Background. As of the end of December 2019, the list of priority areas of research and development of WHO included coronavirus of severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, coronavirus of the Middle East respiratory syndrome and mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB). In January, a new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 was added to this list. The COVID-19 pandemic puts enormous pressure on the health systems of all countries, including those with a high TB burden, including Ukraine. Objective. To describe the condition of TB care in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and to analyze the prospects for the consequences of the interaction between COVID-19 and TB. Materials and methods. Analysis of literature and statistics on this issue. Results and discussion. As a result of social distancing and staying at home, it is difficult to provide quality TB care: the level of timely diagnosis decreases, treatment control deteriorates, the number of undetected side effects in outpatients increases, the proportion of patients with uncontrolled or interrupted TB treatment increases. These processes can have serious adverse consequences. A comparison of TB incidence, including relapses, found out that in Ukraine in the first half of 2020 the TB incidence decreased by 27.4 % compared to the same period in 2019. Unfortunately, this most likely does not indicate a true decrease in incidence, but the reduction of the TB detection due to quarantine measures. The largest difference between 2019 and 2020 is observed in Zhytomyr, Ivano-Frankivsk, Rivne, Ternopil and Chernivtsi regions, which roughly corresponds to the distribution map of COVID-19. The incidence of TB in combination with HIV/AIDS in 2020 is also lower than in 2019 (by 28.4 %). Advanced cases have started to be registered more and more often, and in the conditions of strict quarantine patients with active bacterial excretion pose a serious threat to contact persons, first of all, to risk groups for COVID-19. Coronavirus infection can accelerate the activation of latent TB. According to the WHO, latent TB affects a quarter of the world’s population, so if the activation is accelerated, the process can easily get out of control. All viral infections, including COVID-19, also have an immunosuppressive effect that promotes TB progression. In case of co-existence, COVID-19 and TB have a mutually reinforcing effect, which reduces the likelihood of favourable outcomes for the patient. The interruption of TB treatment on the background of COVID-19 is an additional danger. Patients with TB, COVID-19 and diabetes are the most difficult to treat. In a pandemic, the feasibility of using intravenous forms of anti-TB drugs, which can intensify treatment, dramatically increases. On the positive side, the response of the medical community to COVID-19 can help the long-term efforts to combat TB through infection prevention and control, the development of a contact control system, surveillance and monitoring. The WHO recommends continuing to vaccinate newborns with the BCG vaccine. Clinical trials of the BCG vaccine for the prevention of coronavirus infection are currently underway. Conclusions. 1. The detection of TB in Ukraine in 2020 compared to 2019 decreased by 27.4 %, in children – by 34.5 %. 2. Coronavirus infection accelerates the activation of latent TB, has an immunosuppressive effect, promotes the progression of TB. 3. To improve TB treatment during a pandemic, electronic monitoring of drug circulation and treatment outcomes should be actively introduced. 4. TB treatment in people with and without coronavirus infection does not have any differences. 5. In a pandemic, the feasibility of using intravenous forms of anti-TB drugs is growing.

Prevention of percutaneous injuries with risk of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, or other viral infections for health-care workers

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annika Parantainen ◽  
Minna Anthoni ◽  
America Valdes ◽  
Marie-Claude Lavoie ◽  
Ulla-Maija Hellgren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Care Workers

scholarly journals Persistent COVID-19 Symptoms Minimally Impact the Development of SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Immunity

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 916
Author(s):  
Hengsheng Fang ◽  
Adam D. Wegman ◽  
Kianna Ripich ◽  
Heather Friberg ◽  
Jeffrey R. Currier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Immunity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
T Cell Immunity ◽  
N Protein ◽  
Cell Immunity ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
Human Coronaviruses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
Persistent Viral Infections ◽  
Insight Into

SARS-CoV-2 represents an unprecedented public health challenge. While the majority of SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 resolve their infection with few complications, some individuals experience prolonged symptoms lasting for weeks after initial diagnosis. Persistent viral infections are commonly accompanied by immunologic dysregulation, but it is unclear if persistent COVID-19 impacts the development of virus-specific cellular immunity. To this end, we analyzed SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immunity in convalescent COVID-19 patients who experienced eight days or fewer of COVID-19 symptoms or symptoms persisting for 18 days or more. We observed that persistent COVID-19 symptoms were not associated with the development of an overtly dysregulated cellular immune response. Furthermore, we observed that reactivity against the N protein from SARS-CoV-2 correlates with the amount of reactivity against the seasonal human coronaviruses 229E and NL63. These results provide insight into the processes that regulate the development of cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2 and related human coronaviruses.

scholarly journals Implementing an Integrated Large-Scale Clinical Information System for ISSSTE’s Hospital Network in Mexico

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 444-453
Author(s):  
Arturo Cervantes Trejo ◽  
Sophie Domenge Treuille ◽  
Isaac Castañeda Alcántara
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Information System ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Clinical Information System ◽  
Clinical Information ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Cost Reductions

AbstractThe Institute for Security and Social Services for State Workers (ISSSTE) is a large public provider of health care services that serve around 13.2 million Mexican government workers and their families. To attain process efficiencies, cost reductions, and improvement of the quality of diagnostic and imaging services, ISSSTE was set out in 2019 to create a digital filmless medical image and report management system. A large-scale clinical information system (CIS), including radiology information system (RIS), picture archiving and communication system (PACS), and clinical data warehouse (CDW) components, was implemented at ISSSTE’s network of forty secondary- and tertiary-level public hospitals, applying global HL-7 and Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standards. In just 5 months, 40 hospitals had their endoscopy, radiology, and pathology services functionally interconnected within a national CIS and RIS/PACS on secure private local area networks (LANs) and a secure national wide area network (WAN). More than 2 million yearly studies and reports are now in digital form in a CDW, securely stored and always available. Benefits include increased productivity, reduced turnaround times, reduced need for duplicate exams, and reduced costs. Functional IT solutions allow ISSSTE hospitals to leave behind the use of radiographic film and printed medical reports with important cost reductions, as well as social and environmental impacts, leading to direct improvement in the quality of health care services rendered.

scholarly journals Informed consent and informed intervention: SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations not just call for disclosure of newly emerging safety data but also for hypothesis generation and testing

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johannes C. Fischer ◽  
Albrecht G. Schmidt ◽  
Edwin Bölke ◽  
Verena Keitel ◽  
Torsten Feldt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Hypothesis Generation ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Vaccination Programs ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
The World ◽  
Population Scale

Abstract Background COVID-19 infection is a major threat to patients and health care providers around the world. One solution is the vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. Methods We performed a comprehensive query of the latest publications on the prevention of viral infections including the recent vaccination program and its side effects. Results The situation is evolving rapidly and there is no reasonable alternative to population-scale vaccination programs as currently enrolled. Conclusion Therefore, regulatory authorities should consider supplementing their conventional mandate of post-approval pharmacovigilance, which is based on the collection, assessment, and regulatory response to emerging safety findings.

scholarly journals A large-scale investigation into the role of classical HLA loci in multiple types of severe infections, with a focus on overlaps with autoimmune and mental disorders

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ron Nudel ◽  
Rosa Lundbye Allesøe ◽  
Wesley K. Thompson ◽  
Thomas Werge ◽  
Simon Rasmussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Autoimmune Disease ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Human Leukocyte ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Disease Etiology ◽  
Hla Alleles ◽  
Severe Infections

Abstract Background Infections are a major disease burden worldwide. While they are caused by external pathogens, host genetics also plays a part in susceptibility to infections. Past studies have reported diverse associations between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alleles and infections, but many were limited by small sample sizes and/or focused on only one infection. Methods We performed an immunogenetic association study examining 13 categories of severe infection (bacterial, viral, central nervous system, gastrointestinal, genital, hepatitis, otitis, pregnancy-related, respiratory, sepsis, skin infection, urological and other infections), as well as a phenotype for having any infection, and seven classical HLA loci (HLA-A, B, C, DPB1, DQA1, DQB1 and DRB1). Additionally, we examined associations between infections and specific alleles highlighted in our previous studies of psychiatric disorders and autoimmune disease, as these conditions are known to be linked to infections. Results Associations between HLA loci and infections were generally not strong. Highlighted associations included associations between DQB1*0302 and DQB1*0604 and viral infections (P = 0.002835 and P = 0.014332, respectively), DQB1*0503 and sepsis (P = 0.006053), and DQA1*0301 with “other” infections (a category which includes infections not included in our main categories e.g. protozoan infections) (P = 0.000369). Some HLA alleles implicated in autoimmune diseases showed association with susceptibility to infections, but the latter associations were generally weaker, or with opposite trends (in the case of HLA-C alleles, but not with alleles of HLA class II genes). HLA alleles associated with psychiatric disorders did not show association with susceptibility to infections. Conclusions Our results suggest that classical HLA alleles do not play a large role in the etiology of severe infections. The discordant association trends with autoimmune disease for some alleles could contribute to mechanistic theories of disease etiology.

scholarly journals Leadership assumptions on implementation of patient involvement methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrine Håland Jeppesen ◽  
Kirsten Frederiksen ◽  
Marianne Johansson Joergensen ◽  
Kirsten Beedholm
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Organizational Learning ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Patient Involvement ◽  
Hospital Setting ◽  
Implementation Process ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Implementation Processes

Abstract Background From 2014 to 17, a large-scale project, ‘The User-involving Hospital’, was implemented at a Danish university hospital. Research highlights leadership as crucial for the outcome of change processes in general and for implementation processes in particular. According to the theory on organizational learning by Agyris and Schön, successful change requires organizational learning. Argyris and Schön consider that the assumptions of involved participants play an important role in organizational learning and processes. The purpose was to explore leaders’ assumptions concerning implementation of patient involvement methods in a hospital setting. Methods Qualitative explorative interview study with the six top leaders in the implementation project. The semi-structured interviews were conducted and analyzed in accordance with Kvale and Brinkmanns’ seven stages of interview research. Result The main leadership assumptions on what is needed in the implementation process are in line with the perceived elements in organizational learning according to the theory of Argyris and Schön. Hence, they argued that implementation of patient involvement requires a culture change among health care professionals. Two aspects on how to obtain success in the implementation process were identified based on leadership assumptions: “The health care professionals’ roles in the implementation process” and “The leaders’ own roles in the implementation process”. Conclusion The top leaders considered implementation of patient involvement a change process that necessitates a change in culture with health care professionals as crucial actors. Furthermore, the top leaders considered themselves important facilitators of this implementation process.

scholarly journals Resource allocation in the Covid-19 health crisis: are Covid-19 preventive measures consistent with the Rule of Rescue?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julian W. März ◽  
Søren Holm ◽  
Michael Schlander
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Healthcare Resources ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Rule Of Rescue ◽  
Post War ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
N95 Respirators

AbstractThe Covid-19 pandemic has led to a health crisis of a scale unprecedented in post-war Europe. In response, a large amount of healthcare resources have been redirected to Covid-19 preventive measures, for instance population-wide vaccination campaigns, large-scale SARS-CoV-2 testing, and the large-scale distribution of protective equipment (e.g., N95 respirators) to high-risk groups and hospitals and nursing homes. Despite the importance of these measures in epidemiological and economic terms, health economists and medical ethicists have been relatively silent about the ethical rationales underlying the large-scale allocation of healthcare resources to these measures. The present paper seeks to encourage this debate by demonstrating how the resource allocation to Covid-19 preventive measures can be understood through the paradigm of the Rule of Rescue, without claiming that the Rule of Rescue is the sole rationale of resource allocation in the Covid-19 pandemic.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document