scholarly journals Intuitive Feeling of Closeness to Solution Preceding Insight in Anagram Tasks

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-23
Author(s):  
Alexey Medyntsev ◽  
◽  
Alena Kogan ◽  
Pavel Sabadosh ◽  
Olga Dyatlova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Solutions ◽  
Visual Features ◽  
Final Solution ◽  
Unconscious Processing ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Successful Solution ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference

One of the main research questions related to creativity is the dilemma of specificity vs. non-specificity of the mechanisms underlying insight solutions as compared to analytical solutions of a problem. The first goal of our study was to verify insight solution specificity on solving anagram tasks. The second goal was to test a hypothesis about the existence of unconscious processing prior to insight solutions. We presented two types of stimuli to participants: anagrams and pseudowords. During the experiment, participants had to perform two successive tasks. First they had to judge whether they were being shown an anagram or a pseudoword, and then they had to solve the anagram. Anagrams and pseudowords differed in some visual features, of which the participants were not aware. It was expected that unconscious processing (if it exists) would be influenced by the implicit difference between the appearance of stimulus categories. During the solving process, participants had to rate how close they were to a solution. After a successful solution, they also had to indicate which way they found it: analytically or with insight. Our results showed that prior to an insight solution, participants felt that they were farther from the final solution than in the case of an analytical solution. These results confirm Metcalfe and Wiebe’s (1987) conclusions on the difference between insight and analytical solutions. According to these data, we can propose different specific mechanisms for insight solutions and analytical solutions in anagram tasks. At the same time, the presence of visual differences between stimulus categories did not influence the anagram solving process. The current results did not show evidence for an important role of unconscious processing before insight solutions of anagrams

Strengths of Online Travel Agencies From the Perspective of the Digital Tourist

2019 ◽  
pp. 187-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mercedes Marzo-Navarro ◽  
Carmen Berne-Manero ◽  
María Gómez-Campillo ◽  
Marta Pedraja-Iglesias
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Theoretical Discussion ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Travel Agencies ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Online Travel ◽  
Online Travel Agencies

Recent tourism literature reviews the movement of the current distribution landscape toward disintermediation as the Internet and mobile technologies provide consumers with more and more tools for researching suppliers/providers and purchasing products and services directly. This calls into question the necessity and role of retailers in the industry. Focusing on online travel agencies (OTAs), this chapter is aimed at solving three main research questions: What is the current position of online tourism retailers as indirect channels in the online tourism distribution system? What are the strengths of OTAs as seen by their customers? and How should OTAs face the future? A database drawn from a survey of Spanish digital tourists is used to illustrate the initial theoretical discussion and concluding remarks.

Cabinet Decision-making in Parliamentary Systems

2020 ◽  
pp. 437-459
Author(s):  
Michelangelo Vercesi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Collective Decisions ◽  
Parliamentary Systems ◽  
Research Questions

This chapter deals with the internal decision-making process of political executives in parliamentary systems, that is, how executives take their own collective decisions. The focus is on the cabinet system as a whole, including both cabinet members and other involved party-political and bureaucratic actors. In particular, the chapter reviews literature’s debates about the nature of cabinet government, the role of prime ministers, and variations of decision-making. A special attention is payed to factors explaining intra-cabinet power distribution and the choice of different decision-making arenas. After introducing the topic, an overview of conceptual issues and main research questions is provided. Subsequently, the work discusses the way in which scholars have addressed these issues and the findings they have reached. The final part stresses existing deficits and seeks to set the agenda for future research.

scholarly journals Boundaries From Borders: Cross-Border Relationships in the Context of the Mental Perception of a Borderline – Experiences from Spanish-French and Polish-German Border Twin Towns

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iwona Markuszewska ◽  
Minna Tanskanen ◽  
Josep Vila Subirós
Keyword(s):  
Social Bonds ◽  
Principal Point ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Common Space ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Living Together ◽  
The Common ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Mental Perception

Abstract In this paper, the borderlands, in the context of the psychological perception of frontiers, were presented. The common relationships between different nationalities living in border twin towns was a principal point of analysis. During the investigation two main research questions were asked: Is a frontier a barrier or a bridge in the common relationships between nationalities living on both sides of the borderline? and Does the trans-border casual social integration stimulate openness to neighbours? The study was conducted in two double towns: la Jonquera (Els límits) - Le Perthus at the Spanish-French border and Słubice - Frankfurt-am-Oder at the Polish-German border. The data were gathered from surveys by questioning locals and visitors during street polling. The design of the questionnaire included three main groups of questions relating to: 1) the perception of the borderline and the role of the border twin towns, 2) the attitude towards neighbours and identification with the borderlands, and 3) the future of the borderline in the context of the twin towns existence and cross-border linkages. The results showed that the historical circumstances and cultural background play a crucial role in the current bilateral interrelations between nations sharing the common space of the twin towns. These two aspects of the borderland have an influence on the psychological perception of the border that creates mental boundaries in local societies. However, as the results proved, the necessity of living together pushed locals to be more open-minded, which as a consequence supported the establishment of social bonds.

THE ROLE OF MERGERS AND ACQUISITIONS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF OPERATIONAL CAPITAL GROUPS FROM HIGH AND LOW TECHNOLOGY SECTORS

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-51
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Melnarowicz
Keyword(s):  
Mergers And Acquisitions ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
High Technology ◽  
Specific Role ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Questions

This article presents the analyses the role of M&A transactions in the development of operational capital groups from the perspective of high and low technology sectors. Two main research questions were asked: 1. what is the role of M&A in the development and competitiveness of operational capital groups; 2. is there specificity in the role of M&A transactions of operational capital groups in high and low technology sectors? The purpose of this article is to tentatively find, based on two case studies, the specific role of mergers and acquisitions in the development of operational capital groups in low and high technology sectors. In order to initially answer the questions asked, two case studies, one each from the high-tech and low-tech sectors, were conducted. Finally, it was recommended that a larger study be conducted on operational capital groups, which could confirm the validity of the preliminary answers to the research questions asked.

scholarly journals Effects of Cooperative Learning Models on Prospective Teachers’ Achievement and Equity

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaheer Ahmad ◽  
Nasir Mehmood
Keyword(s):  
Teacher Education ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Prospective Teachers ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Teaching English ◽  
Balanced Design ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Paired Samples ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference

The cooperative learning (CL) intervention was conducted to find out the effects of two conditions of cooperative learning on prospective teachers (PTs) achievement and equity. Cooperative learning was embedded in methods of teaching English course. Thirty five students enrolled in Masters programme (MA ELTL) were the subjects of the study. The study employed counter balanced design. The main research questions addressed were; (1) What is the difference in PTs achievement after exposure to CL as compared to their previous CGPA? (2) Which model of CL is better for producing higher achievement? (3) Which CL model provides/ establishes equity (equal chances to succeed) to maximum number of students? Achievement tests and class quizzes were administered to obtain data. Paired samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test were carried out to answer the research questions. The findings suggest that CL significantly enhances PTs achievement as compared to TI. Both CL models are compatible to increase achievement and equity in TE. Learning together is more efficient and effective as compared to STAD. The study open doors for doing innovations and intervention in teacher education through different CL models.

The Role of IT in Family Firm Internalization Through Strategic Alliances

2006 ◽  
pp. 170-202
Author(s):  
Alfonso Miguel Marquez-Garcia ◽  
Guadalupe Fuentes-Lombardo ◽  
Sebastián Bruque-Camara
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Alliances ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Impact On Family ◽  
Role Of It ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Integration

In this chapter we analyze the potential impact of information technology (IT) on the internationalization processes of family firms via cooperation agreements. With this in mind, we address the main research questions concerning the management of family firms and internationalization processes via strategic alliances. Subsequently, we carry out an analysis to determine IT’s impact on family firms’ internationalization processes. Our conclusions and the future trends that we observe suggest that family firms should undertake a series of internal adjustments in order to exploit, with more possibility of success, the changes resulting from the technological integration processes that can be expected in the near future.

4. Asking Questions: How to Find and Formulate Research Questions

2020 ◽  
pp. 93-122
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Question ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This chapter deals with the first step of the research process: the formulation of a well-crafted research question. It explains why political research should begin with a research question and how a research question structures the research process. It discusses the difference between a topic or general question, on the one hand, and a focused research question, on the other. It also considers the question of where to find and how to formulate research questions, the various types of questions scholars ask, and the role of the ‘literature review’ as a source and rationale for research questions. Finally, it describes a tool called the ‘research vase’ that provides a visualization of the research process, along with different types of questions: descriptive, explanatory, predictive, prescriptive, and normative.

4. Asking Questions

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Halperin ◽  
Oliver Heath
Keyword(s):  
Research Question ◽  
Research Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
General Question ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Asking Questions ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

This chapter deals with the first step of the research process: the formulation of a well-crafted research question. It explains why political research should begin with a research question and how a research question structures the research process. It discusses the difference between a topic or general question, on the one hand, and a focused research question, on the other. It also considers the question of where to find and how to formulate research questions, the various types of questions scholars ask, and the role of the ‘literature review’ as a source and rationale for research questions. Finally, it describes a tool called the ‘research vase’ that provides a visualization of the research process, along with different types of questions: descriptive question, explanatory question, predictive question, prescriptive question and normative question.

scholarly journals The views of judges and prosecutors on the opinions of psychologist expert witnesses in cases concerning witness testimony Joanna Kabzińska

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-82
Author(s):  
Joanna Kabzińska
Keyword(s):  
Eyewitness Testimony ◽  
Expert Witnesses ◽  
Witness Testimony ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Legal Professionals ◽  
Witness Credibility ◽  
Expert Opinions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Depth Interviews

The purpose of this qualitative research is to explore the perceptions of Polish judges and prosecutors regarding the role of psychologist expert witnesses in the evaluation of eyewitness testimony. Two main research questions were formulated: What are the criteria for selecting psychologist expert witnesses to participate in interviews and then to formulate expert opinions? What do judges and prosecutors expect from psychologist expert witnesses and their evaluations of eyewitness testimony? In-depth interviews were conducted involving judges (N = 31) and prosecutors (N = 30), both male (N = 35) and female (N = 26). Though other factors, such as availability, were also frequently mentioned, the judges and prosecutors declared that their choices of psychologist expert witnesses were predominantly determined by their professional abilities. These criteria correspond with the characteristics that judges and prosecutors claim to value the most in psychologist expert witnesses: their specialist fields, their experience, and their reliability in carrying out their work. It is of particular importance to the evaluation of witness testimony that judges and prosecutors recognize that, for an opinion to be complete, there is a need for psychological testing and diagnosis in addition to being present at interviews. However, judges and prosecutors do not always recognise the difference between legal conceptions of witness credibility and the assessments of it formulated by psychologist expert witnesses. The research provides an unique insight into the expectations of Polish judges and prosecutors regarding the role of psychologist expert witnesses in evaluating, and reporting on, witness testimony. To identify the aspects of psychologists’ opinions that are particularly valued by judges and prosecutors can enable better cooperation and communication between psychologists and legal professionals.

scholarly journals Exploring the International Food Safety Authorities Network as a Community of Practice: Results from a Global Survey ofNetwork Members

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Joseph Savelli ◽  
Céu Mateus
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Community Of Practice ◽  
Foodborne Illness ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Functional Community ◽  
Research Questions

The International Food Safety Authorities Network (INFOSAN) is a global network of national food safety authorities from 190 countries, managed jointly by FAO and WHO, which facilitates the rapid exchange of information during food safety incidents. Until now, INFOSAN has never been characterized or examined as a functional community of practice and its value, as understood from the perspective of its members, has never been determined in a systematic or rigorous way.The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the experiences and opinions of INFOSAN members to better understand the role of the network in improving food safety and mitigating the burden of foodborne illness globally. There are four main research questions: 1) How is the INFOSAN Community Website being used to support network activities? 2) What are the barriers to active participation in INFOSAN? 3) Do INFOSAN members believe that participation in the network prevents foodborne illness and saves lives? 4) Does participation in INFOSAN create value for members and if so, through what mechanisms does this occur?To answer these questions, an online questionnaire was developed and adapted from English into French and Spanish before being disseminated to INFOSAN members. Responses were received from 239 INFOSAN members in 137 countries over a 10-week period between August and October 2019.This study represents the first ever to explore and describe the experiences of INFOSAN members with respect to their participation in network activities to improve global food safety and prevent foodborne diseases and to describe the characteristics of INFOSAN as a community of practice. The results suggest that INFOSAN is a valued tool, utilized globally to reduce the burden of foodborne illness and save lives. The INFOSAN Secretariat could utilize the results to prioritize future activities to further strengthen the network and support participation of members.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document