scholarly journals An Optimal Inventory Policy for Subsequent Price Reduction Problem

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Suresha Kharvi ◽  
T. P.M. Pakkala
Keyword(s):  
Price Reduction ◽  
Inventory Policy ◽  
Reduction Problem

scholarly journals Three-Echelon Inventory Model with Permissible Delay in Payments under Controllable Lead Time and Backorder Consideration

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Yang ◽  
Wei-Chung Tseng
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Lead Time ◽  
Critical Issue ◽  
Solution Procedure ◽  
Inventory Model ◽  
Permissible Delay In Payments ◽  
Inventory Policy ◽  
Controllable Lead Time ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Delay In Payments

This paper proposes a three-echelon inventory model with permissible delay in payments under controllable lead time and backorder consideration to find out the suitable inventory policy to enhance profit of the supply chain. In today’s highly competitive market, the supply chain management has become a critical issue in both practice and academic and supply chain members have to cooperate with each other to bring more benefits. In addition, the inventory policy is a key factor to influence the performance of the supply chain. Therefore, in this paper, we develop a three-echelon inventory model with permissible delay in payments under controllable lead time and backorder consideration. Furthermore, the purpose of this paper is to maximize the joint expect total profit on inventory model and attempt to discuss the inventory policy under different conditions. Finally, with a numerical example provided here to illustrate the solution procedure, we may discover that decision-makers can control lead time and payment time to enhance the performance of the supply chain.

Manufacturer price reduction pressure and supplier relations

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 287-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Henke ◽  
Ravi Parameswaran ◽  
R. Mohan Pisharodi
Keyword(s):  
Price Reduction ◽  
Supplier Relations

Abstract MP12: Comparing Effectiveness of Mass Media Campaigns vs. Price Reductions Targeting Fruit and Vegetable Intake on US Cvd Mortality and Race Disparities

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Pearson-Stuttard ◽  
Piotr Bandosz ◽  
Colin D Rehm ◽  
Ashkan Afshin ◽  
Jose Penalvo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Effect Sizes ◽  
Price Reduction ◽  
Mass Media Campaign ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Race Disparities ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cvd Mortality

Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) accounts for over 800,000 US deaths annually, with substantial disparities by race. Poor diet is a leading CVD risk factor, including low intake of fruit and vegetable (F&V). Few data exist regarding the potential population level impact and effect on race disparities of policies aimed at increasing F&V intake. Aim: To estimate CVD mortality reductions, including by race, potentially achievable by price reduction and mass media campaign interventions in the US population up to 2030. Methods: We developed a US IMPACT Food Policy Model to compare three contrasting policies targeting F&V intake: A - a national mass media campaign (MMC); B and C - a universal F&V price reduction of 10 and 30% respectively. The MMC assumed unequal coverage by age, gender and race, and duration of either 1 or 15 years. Data sources included the National Vital Statistics System, SEER single year population estimates, the US Bureau 2012 National Population projections and NHANES. We used US population and CVD projections to 2030, F&V mortality effect sizes and best evidence effect sizes for each policy. We modelled cumulative deaths prevented or postponed and life years gained (LYG) by age, gender, race and CVD subtype from 2015 to 2030. Results were tested in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis using Monte Carlo simulation. Results: Scenario A (MMC) could result in 27,000 (95% CI: 21,000-33,000) to 85,000 (83,000-89,000) fewer deaths dependent upon media campaign duration (from 1 to 15 years), gaining up to 1,280,000 LYGs (1,250,000-1,320,000) by 2030. Approximately 62% of deaths prevented would be CHD; and 53% would be in men, with 20% being saved in year 1. Scenario B (10% price decrease) could prevent approximately 90,000 deaths (71,000-114,000) and gain 1,450,000 LYGs (1,180,000-1,740,000) by 2030. Scenario C (30% price decrease) could prevent some 270,000 deaths (215,000-338,000) by 2030, representing a 3.9% reduction in expected CVD mortality. Price reduction policies would have equitable effects in non-hispanic whites vs. blacks. In comparison, a MMC would be ~ 35% less effective in preventing CVD deaths in non-Hispanic blacks. Conclusions: Price reduction policies (10 or 30%) and a nationwide MMC would each effectively reduce US CVD mortality. A 30% price reduction policy would save most lives and do so most equitably. Deaths prevented via a MMC might reduce substantially after year 1 and also increase disparities. These results inform potential fiscal and population level strategies to reduce CVD mortality in the US.

Joint optimization of components redundancy, spares inventory and repairmen allocation for a standby series system

2018 ◽  
Vol 233 (4) ◽  
pp. 623-638
Author(s):  
Xian Zhao ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyue Wang
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Solution ◽  
Optimal Number ◽  
Joint Optimization ◽  
Series System ◽  
Inventory Policy ◽  
System Availability ◽  
Cold Standby ◽  
Batch Ordering ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Warm Standby

In the past, redundancy, inventory and maintenance are often considered separately to improve the system availability. Recently, a few joint optimization papers have emerged, but they only considered hot-standby redundancy, one-for-one-ordering inventory policy and the case of single repairman. In order to deepen the previous research, this article formulates a joint optimization model of components redundancy, spares inventory and repairmen allocation for a standby series system with an objective of maximizing system availability. As to the components redundancy, hot-standby, warm-standby and cold-standby are considered, respectively. A more general batching ordering inventory policy is adopted and the number of repairmen is added as a new element. By continuous time Markov process, related reliability probability indices are derived. Then the mathematical model is constructed and branch-and-bound method is employed to solve the optimal solution. Finally, we conduct analysis and comparison for different numerical examples and obtain the following results: cold-standby and warm-standby redundancy yield higher availabilities compared to hot-standby under the same conditions. The optimal batch ordering inventory policy is better than optimal one-for-one-ordering inventory policy if the spares replenishment rate is not high enough. Moreover, an optimal number of repairmen, which is always more than one, can be achieved to enhance the efficiency of maintenance.

The chromatic reduction problem

Networks ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 367-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Reduction Problem
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