scholarly journals Physical Co morbidity and Functional Disability amongst Mentally Ill Inmates in Nigerian Prison

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 234-240
Author(s):  
A Y Armiya’u ◽  
B I Lubuola ◽  
P F Tungchama
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Functional Disability ◽  
Demographic Variable ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Pulse Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity

Comorbidity is the presence of more than one disorder/condition at the same time, and it is common among those with mental illness. Prisoners with multiple disorders are more disabled and consume more health resources than those with only one disorder. This study aimed at providing prevalence of physical comorbidity among inmates with mental illness and the relationship between physical comorbidity and functional disability among this group of inmates. The study was part of a comprehensive descriptive cross-sectional study carried out among 608 prisoners awaiting trial and convicted in Jos maximum security prison, Plateau state. Four sets of questionnaires were used namely Sociodemograhic Questionnaire (for demographic variable), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) for screening the prisoners for a mental health problem, Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) which is a structured clinical interview for diagnosing mental health disorders while Physical and functional disabilities were evaluated using the PULSE profile Questionnaire. Out of 608 participants 347 (57.1%) had mental disorders of which 63 (18.2%) had physical comorbidity, with infectious diseases being the commonest physical challenge. Functional disability (level of functioning) was significantly associated with comorbidity cutting across all physical disorders found in the study. The study found high physical comorbidity among mentally ill inmates in the prison studied.

Socio Demographic and Clinical Profile of Indoor Female Patients of RINPAS

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Rajni Suri ◽  
Anshu Suri ◽  
Neelam Kumari ◽  
Amool R. Singh ◽  
Manisha Kiran
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional

The role of women is very crucial in our society. She cares for her parents, partner, children and other relatives. She performs all types of duties in family and also in the society without any expectations. Because of playing many roles, women often face many challenges in their life including both physical and mental. Mental health problems affect women and men equally, but some problems are more common among women including both physical and mental health problems. Aim of the study - The present study is aimed to describe and compare the clinical and socio-demographic correlates of female mentally ill patients. Methods and Materials: The study includes 180 female mentally ill patients based on cross sectional design and the sample for the study was drawn purposively. A semi structured socio-demographic data sheet was prepared to collect relevant information as per the need of the study. Result: The present study reveals that the socio-demographic factors contribute a vital role in mental illness. Findings also showed that majority of patients had mental problems in the age range of 20-30 have high rate. Illiterate and primary level of education and daily wage working women as well as low and middle socio-economic status women are more prone to have mental illness. Other factors like marital status, type of family and religion etc also important factors for mental illness. Keywords: Socio demographic profile, female, psychiatric patient

scholarly journals Lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity of externalizing disorders and depression in prospective assessment

2013 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. R. Hamdi ◽  
W. G. Iacono
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Alcohol Dependence ◽  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Externalizing Disorders ◽  
Lifetime Prevalence ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Co Morbidity

BackgroundEpidemiological research is believed to underestimate the lifetime prevalence of mental illness due to recall failure and a lack of rapport between researchers and participants.MethodIn this prospective study, we examined lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity rates of substance use disorders, antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in a representative, statewide Minnesota sample (n = 1252) assessed four times between the ages of 17 and 29 years with very low attrition.ResultsLifetime prevalence rates of all disorders more than doubled between the ages of 17 and 29 years in both men and women, and our prospective rates at the age of 29 years were consistently higher than rates from leading epidemiological surveys. Although there was some variation, the general trend was for lifetime co-morbidity to increase between the ages of 17 and 29 years, and this trend was significant for MDD–alcohol dependence, MDD–nicotine dependence, and ASPD–nicotine dependence.ConclusionsOverall, our results show that emerging adulthood is a high-risk period for the development of mental illness, with increases in the lifetime prevalence and co-morbidity of mental disorders during this time. More than a quarter of individuals had met criteria for MDD and over a fifth had experienced alcohol dependence by the age of 29 years, indicating that mental illness is more common than is estimated in cross-sectional mental health surveys. These findings have important implications for the measurement of economic burden, resource allocation toward mental health services and research, advocacy organizations for the mentally ill, and etiological theories of mental disorders.

scholarly journals Stigma among Singaporean youth: a cross-sectional study on adolescent attitudes towards serious mental illness and social tolerance in a multiethnic population

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e016432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shirlene Pang ◽  
Jianlin Liu ◽  
Mithila Mahesh ◽  
Boon Yiang Chua ◽  
Shazana Shahwan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Social Tolerance ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
Multiethnic Population

ObjectivesStigma against mental illnesses is one of the significant obstacles faced by mental health service users and providers. It can develop at a young age and is also influenced by culture. Youths in Southeast Asian countries are under-represented in mental health research, thus this study aims to explore the dimensions of stigma and social tolerance and examine its correlates in the younger, multiethnic population of Singapore.DesignAn online survey collected data with sociodemographic questions, the Attitudes Towards Serious Mental Illness (Adolescent version) Scale, Social Tolerance Scale and an open-text question on words or phrases participants associated with the term ‘mental illness’. Principal component analysis and multiple regression models were conducted to investigate the factor structure of the attitudes and social tolerance scales and their sociodemographic correlates.ParticipantsParticipants included 940 youths aged 14–18 years old who were residing in Singapore at the time of the survey and were recruited through local schools.ResultsAbout a quarter of the students (22.6%) reported participating in mental health awareness campaigns while nearly half (44.5%) associated pejorative words and phrases with the term mental illness. The Attitudes Towards Serious Mental Illness (Adolescent version) Scale yielded five factors while the Social Tolerance Scale yielded two. Ethnicity, gender and nationality were significantly correlated with factors of both scales. Chinese youths showed higher sense of ’physical threat' and lower ’social tolerance' than those of other ethnicities. Females showed more ’wishful thinking', ’social concern' and ’social responsibility' towards the mentally ill than males.ConclusionsThe dimensions of stigma and social tolerance are different in Asian cultures compared with Western cultures. Sociodemographic differences in attitudes towards the mentally ill were found among youths living in Singapore. Misconceptions and negative attitudes towards mental illness are common, demonstrating a clear need for effective stigma reduction campaigns.

Mental Health Status of Aboriginal and Non-Aboriginal Australian Prisoners

2007 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 429-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tony Butler ◽  
Stephen Allnutt ◽  
Azar Kariminia ◽  
David Cain
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Aboriginal Woman ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Aboriginal Women ◽  
South Wales

Objective: To compare the mental health of Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal prisoners in New South Wales. Methods: The sample consisted of a cross-sectional random sample of sentenced prisoners, and a consecutive sample of reception prisoners. The sample was drawn from 29 correctional centres (27 male, two female) across New South Wales. Overall, 1208 men (226 Aboriginal), and 262 women (51 Aboriginal) participated in the study. Mental illness was detected using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI-A) and a number of other screening measures incorporated into the programme. Results: No differences were detected in mental illness between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal men, apart from depression, which was lower in the latter group. Aboriginal woman were more likely than non-Aboriginal women to screen positive for symptoms of psychosis in the prior 12 months and have a higher 1 month and 12 month prevalence of affective disorder; they also had higher psychological distress scores. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were the same in both groups. Conclusions: These findings confirm that the demand for mental health services in prisons is considerable, and that Aboriginal women are one of the most vulnerable groups. Services and programmes providing an alternative to incarceration are needed, as are culturally sensitive approaches to treatment.

scholarly journals Mental health literacy among undergraduate students of a Saudi tertiary institution: a cross-sectional study

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed S. Mahfouz ◽  
Abdulwahab Aqeeli ◽  
Anwar M. Makeen ◽  
Ramzi M. Hakami ◽  
Hatim H. Najmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Health Literacy ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

The issue of mental health literacy has been widely studied in developed countries, with few studies conducted in Arab countries. In this study we aimed to investigate mental health literacy and attitudes towards psychiatric patients among students of Jazan University, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study was conducted among undergraduate students using a validated Arabic-version questionnaire. A total of 557 students were recruited from different Jazan university colleges. The majority of students (90.3%) have intermediate mental health literacy. Regarding the etiology of mental illness, students agreed that genetic inheritance (45.8%), poor quality of life (65%) and social relationship weakness (73.1%) are the main causes of mental illness. The majority thought that mentally ill people are not capable of true friendships (52.5%) and that anyone can suffer from a mental illness (49.4%). Students' attitudes towards psychiatric patients were mixed, with 68.7% reporting that they could maintain a friendship with a mentally ill person and that people with mental illness should have the same rights as anyone else (82.5%). Mental health literacy among university students was intermediate. There is an urgent need for health educational programs to change the attitudes of students regarding this important health issue.

Hospital Based Cross Sectional Study on Caregiver Burden in Chronic Mentally Ill Patients in Northern Kerala

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (25) ◽  
pp. 2138-2142
Author(s):  
Aswathy Anitha Roby ◽  
Druhin Adavalath ◽  
Padmini Cherukunnath
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
External Support ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Care Giving

BACKGROUND Mental health is an important aspect of health, and it should be cherished, promoted, and conserved, to the maximum. World-wide, around 450 million people suffering from mental illness and contributing to important causes for years lived with disability. Caring is a fundamental issue in the treatment of a patient with mental illness. Majority of patients stay with their families and they have been the mainstay of care giving for patients with mental illness. Taking care of chronic mentally ill patients puts stress and burden on the caregivers. Caregivers use different methods of coping. This study was conducted to assess burden among caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. METHODS This is a hospital based cross-sectional study. A consecutive sample of 150 caregivers of both inpatients and outpatients who satisfy the inclusion criteria, attending psychiatry department were recruited in the study. Caregivers were assessed with socio-demographic proforma. The burden assessment schedule (BAS) developed by SCARF measures the burden experienced by caregivers of chronic mentally ill patients. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS). Categorical and quantitative variables were expressed as frequency (percentage) and mean ± SD respectively. Chi-square test was used to association between categorical variables. RESULTS Of the 150 participants, 16 % experienced mild burden, 57.3 % had moderate levels of burden and 26.7 % had severe burden levels. CONCLUSIONS This study concluded that caregivers of the mentally ill individuals do undergo a lot of burden or strain. Highest areas of burden were seen in the areas of physical and mental health, external support, and spouse related. The caregivers are in need of support and understanding. Clinicians dealing with the caregivers of patients with chronic mental illness must systematically assess the coping mechanisms of caregivers and encourage the use of adaptive and problem-focused coping mechanism to improve the caregiving and patient related outcome. Hence, there is a need to develop strategies that can help them such as providing them with a support structure as well as counseling services. KEYWORDS Caregiver, Burden, Mental Illness, Coping

Occupational Stress, Mental Health and Attitude Towards Mental Illness of Nursing Staff Working in General and Psychiatric Hospital: A Comparative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Lukose ◽  
Abdul Azeez E.P.
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Mental Illness ◽  
Occupational Stress ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Role Overload

Nurses are identified as one of the professional groups with high level of job related stress and related issues. The magnitude of the problem this segment faces is very intensive as a large number of them are women. They are victimized for multiple roles in the home and hospital. Stressors for nurses are always been identified with workload, dual role and pressures which are associated with demands of the existing working environment. The nature of illness/diseases a nurse dealing with has significant effects on the stress and mental health level. Healthcare professionals dealing with psychiatric illness and other chronic/traumatic conditions faces more stress while comparing to the other domains of healthcare. The present study is a cross sectional hospital based study carried out at four centres and 100 samples were collected by judgmental sampling method which consisted of 50 female nursing staff from general hospital and same number from psychiatric hospitals. A socio-demographic data sheet along with General Health Questionnaire was administered and those who have satisfactory health have been considered as further samples. Mental health, stress level, and attitude towards mental illness were analyzed. The results shows that psychiatric nursing staff scored higher in overall occupational stress index and in the subs-domains of role overload, role ambiguity, role conflict, role unreasonable group and political pressure compared to general nursing staff. Also the mental health inventory total score is negatively correlated with role overload sub-domain of occupational stress index scale. Present study implicates the need of comprehensive psycho-social management plans for the professionals working in psychiatric hospitals.

scholarly journals Meaningful activities during COVID-19 lockdown and association with mental health in Belgian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cruyt Ellen ◽  
De Vriendt Patricia ◽  
De Letter Miet ◽  
Vlerick Peter ◽  
Calders Patrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Resilience Scale

Abstract Background The spread of COVID-19 has affected people’s daily lives, and the lockdown may have led to a disruption of daily activities and a decrease of people’s mental health. Aim To identify correlates of adults’ mental health during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium and to assess the role of meaningful activities in particular. Methods A cross-sectional web survey for assessing mental health (General Health Questionnaire), resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale), meaning in activities (Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey), and demographics was conducted during the first Belgian lockdown between April 24 and May 4, 2020. The lockdown consisted of closing schools, non-essential shops, and recreational settings, employees worked from home or were technically unemployed, and it was forbidden to undertake social activities. Every adult who had access to the internet and lived in Belgium could participate in the survey; respondents were recruited online through social media and e-mails. Hierarchical linear regression was used to identify key correlates. Results Participants (N = 1781) reported low mental health (M = 14.85/36). In total, 42.4% of the variance in mental health could be explained by variables such as gender, having children, living space, marital status, health condition, and resilience (β = −.33). Loss of meaningful activities was strongly related to mental health (β = −.36) and explained 9% incremental variance (R2 change = .092, p < .001) above control variables. Conclusions The extent of performing meaningful activities during the COVID-19 lockdown in Belgium was positively related to adults’ mental health. Insights from this study can be taken into account during future lockdown measures in case of pandemics.

scholarly journals Stigmatising attitudes towards the mentally ill: A survey in a Nigerian university teaching hospital

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic Ignatius Ukpong ◽  
Festus Abasiubong
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Educational Programme ◽  
University Teaching ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Nigerian University

<p><strong>Background.</strong> The burden of mental illness is particularly severe for people living in low-income countries. Negative attitudes towards the mentally ill, stigma experiences and discrimination constitute part of this disease burden.</p><p><strong>Objective.</strong> The aim of this study was to investigate knowledge of possible causes of mental illness and attitudes towards the mentally ill in a Nigerian university teaching hospital population.</p><p><strong>Method.</strong> A cross-sectional descriptive study of a convenience sample of 208 participants from the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo, Nigeria, using the Community Attitudes towards the Mentally Ill (CAMI) scale. Information was also obtained on beliefs about possible causes of mental illness. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results.</strong> The respondents held strongly negative views about the mentally ill, mostly being authoritarian and restrictive in their attitudes and placing emphasis on custodial care. Even though the respondents appeared to be knowledgeable about the possible role of psychosocial and genetic factors in the causation of mental illness, 52.0% of them believed that witches could be responsible, 44.2% thought mental illness could be due to possession by demons, and close to one-third (30%) felt that it could be a consequence of divine punishment.</p><p><strong>Conclusions.</strong> Stigma and discrimination against the mentally ill are widespread even in a population that is expected to be enlightened. The widespread belief in supernatural causation is likely to add to the difficulties of designing an effective anti-stigma psycho-educational programme. There is a need in Nigeria to develop strategies to change stigma attached to mental illness at both institutional and community levels.</p>

Perceived need for mental health care: influences of diagnosis, demography and disability

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. MEADOWS ◽  
P. BURGESS ◽  
I. BOBEVSKI ◽  
E. FOSSEY ◽  
C. HARVEY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Mental Health Care ◽  
Affective Disorders ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Detailed Examination ◽  
Perceived Need ◽  
Co Morbidity

Background. Recent major epidemiological studies have adopted increasingly multidimensional approaches to assessment. Several of these have included some assessment of perceived need for mental health care. The Australian National Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing, conducted in 1997, included a particularly detailed examination of this construct, with an instrument with demonstrated reliability and validity.Methods. A clustered probability sample of 10641 Australians responded to the field questionnaire for this survey, including questions on perceived need either where there had been service utilization, or where a disorder was detected by administration of sections of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview. The confidentialized unit record file generated from the survey was analysed for determinants of perceived need.Results. Perceived need is increased in females, in people in the middle years of adulthood, and in those who have affective disorders or co-morbidity. Effects of diagnosis and disability can account for most of the differences in gender specific rates. With correction for these effects through regression, there is less perceived need for social interventions and possibly more for counselling in females; disability is confirmed as strongly positively associated with perceived need, as are the presence of affective disorders or co-morbidity.Conclusions. The findings of this study underscore the imperative for mental health services to be attentive and responsive to consumer perceived need. The substantial majority of people who are significantly disabled by mental health problems are among those who see themselves as having such needs.

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