scholarly journals Baseline Eyeball Biometrics on Computed Tomography in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-21
Author(s):  
I T Annongu ◽  
H Mohammad ◽  
M Chia ◽  
K Chaha ◽  
G O Magaji
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
North Central ◽  
Eye Size ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
The Right ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Variations in ocular sizes exist in the population and this may be congenital or pathological. Reference values are therefore essential in management of ophthalmic pathologies in the fields of Ophthalmology and Neurology. The aim of the study was to establish computer tomography (CT) scan reference values of ocular sizes in Makurdi, north central Nigeria. To avoid unjustifiable radiation dose, data obtained for this study was on 111 patients referred on account of other medical conditions, to the Radiology department for CT brain scan using Philip Brilliance 16. Measurements were taken at mid-ocular axial slices with maximum anterior-posterior and transverse dimensions. The mean  ± 2 SD) ocular sizes in anterior-posterior(AP) and transverse diameter(TD) for both eyes were 22.1mm ± 1.88mm and 22.9mm ± 1.20mm respectively. The right eye was 21.9mm ± 2.33mm and 22.9mm ± 1.09mm and the left eye was 22.3mm ± 1.24mm and 23.0 ± 1.30 mm in both AP and TD respectively. The measurements were slightly higher on the left. The mean ocular measurements were higher in males and were statistically significant in the transverse measurements on both sides (P<0.04). Adult eye size was attained at age group 11-20 years and subsequently at age >70 years, there was slight reduction in ocular dimensions. Established ocular sizes on CT therefore showed that males had slightly larger eyeballs in comparison to females and there was some reduction of ocular sizes with age.

scholarly journals KORELASI UKURAN KETEBALAN KORTEKS DAN RESISTIVE INDEX GINJAL BERDASARKAN PEMERIKSAAN ULTRASONOGRAFI PADA PASIEN HIDRONEFROSIS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Ferawati Dakio ◽  
Nurlaily Idris ◽  
Mirna Muis ◽  
Andi Alfian ◽  
Hasyim Kasim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Resistive Index ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Renal Resistive Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Correlation Tests ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
The Right ◽  
Superior Pole

Hidronefrosis dapat terjadi pada satu atau kedua ginjal yang menyebabkan aliran urine menjadi lemah dan mengganggu fungsi dari ginjal itu sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi ketebalan korteks ginjal dan resistive index ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi pada pasien hidronefrosis. Penelitian ini dilakukan di bagian Radiologi Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar dari Mei sampai dengan Agustus 2018. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional dengan rancangan potong lintang.Sampel penelitian sebanyak empat puluh orang yang memiliki klinis hidronefrosis. Pemeriksaan ultrasonografi grayscale terhadap pasien dilakukan untuk mengukur ketebalan korteks ginjal yang dilakukan di bagian tengah ginjal pada potongan longitudinal dan diukur dari puncak piramid tegak lurus ke arah kapsul, kemudian dilanjutkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi doppler di arteri interlobar atau arcuata pada pole superior, median, dan inferior ginjal untuk menilai  renal resistiveindex. Data dianalisis dengan analisis statistik melalui uji korelasi Spearman dan Pearson.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata sampel penelitian mengalami hidronefrosis derajat ringan. Mean tebal korteks ginjal kanan pada penelitian ini 0,9 cm (0,26-1,79cm) dan ginjal kiri 0,84 cm (0,22-1,57cm). Terdapat korelasi yang bermakna antara derajat hidronefrosis dengan ketebalan korteks ginjal kanan dan kiri dengan arah korelasi negatif (p=0,0001). Kecenderungan peningkatan derajat hidronefrosis, meningkatkan nilai resistive index meskipun secara statistik tidak bermakna. Tidak terdapat korelasi antara ketebalan korteks dan resistive index  ginjal berdasarkan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi.   Hydronephrosis can occur in one or both kidneys which causes the flow of urine to become weak and interfere with the function of the kidney. This research aimed to investigate the correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonography examination in hydronephrosis patients.  The research was conducted in Radiology Department of Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo General Hospital, Makassar from May through August 2018. The research design used was observational using the cross sectional design. The total samples comprised 40 samples with clinical hydronephrosis. The examination of ultrasonography grayscale was carried out in order to measure the cortex thickness of the kidneys in the central parts of kidneys and the longitudinal cut was measured from the pyramid top straight down the capsule, then it was continued with the Doppler ultrasonography examination in the interlobare artery or arcute at superior pole, median and inferior kidney in order to evaluate the renal resistive index. The data were analyzed using the statistical analysis through the correlation tests of Spearman and Pearson. The research results indicated that the mean research samples had experienced the light hydronephrosis. The mean cortex thickness of the right kidney was 0.9 cm (0.26 - 1.79 cm), and that of the left kidnet was 0.84 cm (0.22 - 1.57 cm). There was a significant correlation between the degree of hydronephrosis and the cortex thickness of the right and the left kidneys, with the direction of the negative correlation (p=0.0001). There was a tendency of the increase of hydronephrosis degree to increase the value of resistive index, though statistically it was insignificant. There was no correlation between the cortex thickness and the resistive index of kidney based on the ultrasonogrphy examination.  

scholarly journals The Age- and Gender-wise Assessment of the Position and Shape of Mental Foramen in Patients’ Panoramic Radiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 806-817
Author(s):  
Hamzeh Ekran ◽  
◽  
Amin Ghanbarnejad ◽  
Masomeh Afsa‌ ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Anatomical Landmarks ◽  
Radiographic Images ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Posterior Position ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background and Aim: Recognizing the position of the Mental Foramen (MF) is essential in numerous cases, such as anesthesia injection and periapical surgeries in the anterior region of the mandible. Furthermore, the diversity in the location and position of MF can develop problems during surgery in this region. Methods & Materials: The present study examined anatomical landmarks based on panoramic radiographic images obtained in Bandar Abbas City, Iran. In total, 450 panoramic radiographic images of men and women were assessed. All explored images were converted to JPEG format and entered in real size in Auto CAD software (2014). The collected data were analyzed in SPSS by one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Student’s t-test, and Chi-squared test. Ethical Considerations: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences (Code: IR.HUMS.REC.1394.189). Results: The obtained data revealed that the mean distance from the MF to the lower edge of the mandible on the right and left was 10.53 mm and 10.51 mm, respectively. The mean distance from the MF to the posterior side of the mandible equaled 49.36 mm on the right and 48.72 mm on the left. Moreover, the mean distance of MF to the midline of the lower jaw on the right and left was calculated as 27.16 and 26.27 mm, respectively. Furthermore, in most cases, the anterior-posterior position of MF was symmetrical concerning anatomical landmarks. The anterior-posterior distance of MF to mandibular midline was significantly different between the explored males and females (P<0.001). There was no significant gender-wise difference in the shape of the MF (P=0.89). Conclusion: The present research results signified that the most frequent anterior-posterior position of the MF is between the apex of the first and second premolars. Furthermore, the most prevalent shape of MF is oval per panoramic images.

scholarly journals Morphometric Study of Axis Vertebra in Subjects of Indian Origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasveen Kaur ◽  
Kamaljeet Kaur ◽  
Poonam Singh ◽  
Ajay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Transverse Process ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Axis Vertebra ◽  
Graph Paper ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Mean Width ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

<p><strong>Background:</strong> The axis vertebra, exhibits complex and extensive variability in the morphology and there are vital neurovascular structures in its proximity. Knowledge of this variability is important for neurosurgeons, orthopaedicians, otorhynologists and other physicians who in everyday practice are in contact with disorders of the spine and their consequences.</p><p><strong>Objective:</strong> The aim was to evaluate various morphometric dimensions of axis vertebrae and to compare with the available data.</p><p><strong>Material and Methods:</strong> 50 dried human axis vertebrae of Indian origin, available in the Department of Anatomy, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana were studied. Various dimensions were taken with vernier calipers, metric scale and graph paper. The dimensions were measured in millimetres and statistically analysed with paired t-test.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The mean of maximum anteroposterior diameter (max.APD) and maximum transverse diameter (max.TD) of Superior Articular Facet (SAF) was measured as 17.42mm±1.73 and 15.31mm±1.44 on the right side, 17.64mm±1.51 and 15.17mm±1.48 on left side. The mean Distance from Lateral most edge of SAF to Midline was measured as 22.56mm ± 2.37 and 22.40mm ± 2.16 on the right and left sides, respectively. The mean Distance from Tip of Transverse Process to Midline was 26.45mm ± 2.85 on the right and 26.03mm ± 2.64 on the left side. The mean Height of Dens was measured as 13.83mm ± 1.52, mean Width of Dens as 9.57mm ± 0.85. Width of Pedicle was measured as 10.52mm ± 1.99 and 10.61mm ± 1.67on right and left sides, respectively.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The knowledge of these dimensions can provide useful information for safe planning of osseous fixation.</p>

scholarly journals Ultrasound appearance of peripheral nerves in the neck: vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Diana Curcean ◽  
Georgeta Mihaela Rusu ◽  
Sorin Marian Dudea
Keyword(s):  
Vagus Nerve ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Hypoglossal Nerve ◽  
Direct Visualization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Right ◽  
Omohyoid Muscle

Background and aim. Information in ultrasonography about reference values of nerves, particularly of those located in the neck is limited. The aim of the study is to demonstrate the feasibility of direct visualization of the vagus, hypoglossal and greater auricular nerves, testing the method on healthy volunteers and estimate the reference values for two perpendicular diameters and cross-sectional area (CSA). Methods. A prospective study was carried out on 21 healthy volunteers (12 women and 9 men), recording their demographic characteristics. A 13 MHz transducer was used on a Hitachi EUB-8500 machine. The vagus nerve was measured at the bifurcation of common carotid artery (CCA) and at the intersection of the internal jugular vein with omohyoid muscle. The hypoglossal nerve was identified as it crosses the posterolateral border of the mylohyoid muscle in the submandibular space. The auricular nerve was identified on the superficial surface of the sternocleidomastoid muscle at 1 cm from its posterior margin. The mean CSA on axial scans, nerve width and thickness were determined. The side-to-side and gender differences of the estimated reference values and their correlations with the weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated. Results. The mean ultrasound-estimated CSA was measured for the vagus nerve at CCA bifurcation (2.14 ± 0.79 on the left 2.86 ± 1.27 on the right), vagus nerve at the level of omohyoid muscle (2.10 ± 0.06 on the left and 2.43 ± 0.08 on the right), hypoglossal nerve (1.71 ± 0.08 on the left, 1.24 ± 0.06 on the right) and greater auricular nerve (0.90 ± 0.53 on the left and 0.79 ± 0.71 on the right). The vagus nerve was significantly larger on the right side compared to the left side. Larger hypoglossal nerve was observed in men compared to women. Significant correlations were observed between weight and CSA of the greater auricular nerve. Conclusion. Direct visualization of the vagus, greater auricular nerve and hypoglossal nerves is feasible. Reference values for the size of the studied nerves at specific anatomic landmarks were established. Side, gender and body weight differences of the nerves CSA were noted.

scholarly journals Computed tomographic scanning measurement of skull bone thickness: a single center study

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 913
Author(s):  
Fowzia Farzana ◽  
Bashir A. Shah ◽  
Shaheen Shadad ◽  
Peerzada Zia ul Haq ◽  
Arif Sarmast ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Computerized Tomography ◽  
Parietal Bone ◽  
Radiology Department ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Skull Bone ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Computerized tomography scan (CT scan) can be useful for the measuring the calvarial thickness in human beings. This could help in identifying the racial and the gender variations in calvarial thickness in a population. The data obtained about calvarial thickness study in human population may be useful for researchers, anatomists, anthropologists, surgeons and manufacturers of surgical screws.Methods: This was an observational study carried out on 104 subjects, with a normal computerized tomography CT scan of the head. Any subject with a skull fractures or an underlying intracranial lesion were excluded from study. A total of 52 males and 52 females who presented in the radiology department for CT head were studied in a consecutive manner. The thickness of skull bone was measured on console (Somatom, Siemens 16 slice).Results: Our study population consisted of 52 male and 52 female subjects. The mean age for males was 48.03 (Range 18-70) years and while as the mean age of females was 47.37 (Range 18-73) years. We did not find any difference in the thickness of the frontal bone at upper third, middle third and lower third between the two sexes. However, the posterior third parietal bone, the anterior and middle third occipital bone was significantly thicker in females when compared to males.Conclusions: Our study suggests that the anterior third of the parietal bone has a more calvarial thickness on the right side than on the left side in both males and females. However, the female calvarium has a significantly thicker calvarium at the posterior third parietal; anterior and middle third occipital bones when compared to male counterparts showing a sexual dimorphism in our study population.

scholarly journals STUDY OF INTERCONDYLOID FORAMEN OF HUMERUS. Estudio del foramen intercondíleo del húmero

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Suba Ananthi Kumarasamy ◽  
Manickam Subramanian ◽  
Vaithianathan Gnanasundaram ◽  
Aruna Subramanian ◽  
Ramalingam Ramalingam
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Osteolytic Lesion ◽  
Medial Epicondyle ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Plain Radiographs ◽  
Orthopedic Surgeons ◽  
Anatomical Knowledge ◽  
Bony Plate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Una delgada lámina ósea entre el olécranon y la fosa coronoides es a veces perforada para formar un agujero denominado foramen supratroclear (STF). Dado que el agujero se encuentra entre el epicóndilo lateral y el medial, también se llama el agujero intercondiloidea. Este agujero fue más frecuente en los huesos prehistóricos. El agujero se ha estudiado en detalle en 214 húmeros secos (131 lado derecho y 83 lado izquierdo) de sexo y edad desconocidos. De 214 huesos, el agujero estaba presente en 67 húmeros (48 lado derecho y 19 lado izquierdo) que muestra una incidencia del 31,3%. El diámetro transversal  medio fue de6,5 mma la derecha y5,8 mma la izquierda. El diámetro vertical promedio fue de4,4 mma la derecha y3,9 mmen el lado izquierdo. La distancia media del STF desde la punta del epicóndilo  fue de 24,4mm a la derecha y de24,5 mmen el lado izquierdo. Algunos de los huesos mostraron translucidez del tabique óseo (49,3% y 35,9% a la derecha e izquierda, respectivamente). En las radiografías simples, el agujero puede simular una lesión osteolítica. El conocimiento anatómico de STF puede ser beneficioso para los antropólogos, los cirujanos ortopedistas, los radiólogos y en la práctica clínica  diaria. A thin bony plate between the olecranon and coronoid fossa is sometimes perforated to form a foramen named the supratrochlear foramen (STF). Since the foramen lies between the lateral and the medial epicondyle, it is also called the intercondyloid foramen. This foramen was more common in prehistoric bones. The foramen was studied in detail in 214 dried humeri (131 right side and 83 left side) of unknown sex and age. Out of 214 bones the foramen was present in 67 humeri (48 right side and 19 left side) showing the incidence as 31.3%. The mean transverse diameter was 6.5mm on the right and 5.8mm on the left. The mean vertical diameter was 4.4mm on the right and 3.9mm on the left side. The mean distance of the STF from the tip of the medial epicondyle was 24.4mm on the right and 24.5mm on the left side. Some of the bones showed translucency of the bony septum (49.3% and 35.9% on right and left respectively). On plain radiographs, the foramen may mimic as an osteolytic lesion. The anatomical knowledge of STF may be beneficial for anthropologists, orthopedic surgeons and radiologists in day-to-day clinical practice.

scholarly journals Extraocular muscle diameter in Makurdi, North Central Nigeria: what is normal?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 742
Author(s):  
Terkimbi I. Annongu ◽  
Chia D. Msuega ◽  
Hameed O. Mohammad ◽  
Kator P. Iorpagher ◽  
Chaha Kator ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Values ◽  
Ct Images ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Inferior Rectus ◽  
North Central ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The North ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right

Background: Establishing normal values of extra ocular muscle (EOM) diameter is essential in a given population. Factors including race, region, gender and environment affect the normal diameter of the EOM. The aim of the study was to determine the normal sizes of the EOM in a population in the North Central part of Nigeria using computed tomography (CT).Methods: One hundred and eighty-three CT images of patients who underwent craniofacial imaging for other conditions and who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The maximum diameters of the EOMs on coronal reformatted CT images which are the superior group (SG) (superior rectus and the levator palpebral), inferior rectus (IR) medial rectus (MR) and lateral rectus (LR) were assessed.Results: The mean values±SD obtained were 3.65±1.13, 3.93±0.94, 3.40±0.67, 3.43±0.92 for SG, 1R, MR, and LR muscles respectively on the right and 3.61±1.07, 3.86±0.92, 3.34±0.70, 3.42±0.08 for SG, IR MR and LR muscles respectively on the left. The order IR>SR>MR>LR of average muscle diameter was obtained. The females in this region showed slightly higher mean values of the diameter of the EOM than the males; however, this was not statistically significant. By age, there was no consistent correlation.Conclusions: The established normal values of the EOM may serve as a reference point for ophthalmologist and for cosmetic surgeons and also will add to the pool of the existing knowledge for academic purposes.

scholarly journals The Value of Foramen Magnum Diameters for Gender Identification Among Iranian Population

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 205-212
Author(s):  
Siamak Soltani ◽  
Kamran Aghakhani ◽  
Hanieh Saboori-Shekofte ◽  
Sahar Rismantab-Sani ◽  
Forouzan Faress ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Foramen Magnum ◽  
Transverse Diameter ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Anterior Posterior

Background: By assessing the size of the foramen magnum, it is possible to distinguish two genders, as well as the intergenerational interdependence of the affected individuals. The present study aimed at assessing the value of diameters of foramen magnum for gender identification among the Iranian population.Methods: This analytical comparative cross-sectional study was performed on 200 Iranian cadavers (100 men and 100 women) referred to Kahrizak Autopsy Hall in Tehran between 2017 and 2018. In each case, the foramen magnum was measured by observation and its parameters were measured in a longitudinal anteroposterior and transverse diameter, using a calibrated caliper.Results: The Mean±SD anterior-posterior diameter of the foramen magnum in men and women were 35.59±0.49 mm and 33.90±1.07 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Similarly, the Mean±SD transverse diameter of the foramen magnum in males and females was 29.49±0.56 mm and 28.5±0.50 mm, respectively, which was significantly higher in men (P<0.001). Based on the area analysis under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve, the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum had a high value in the differentiation of the male and female genders (AUC=0.953 and 0.896, respectively, P<0.001). The Mean±SD foramen magnum index in men and women was 84.15±3.02 and 82.87±1.95, respectively, which had a significant difference between the two genders.Conclusion: Given that the anterior-posterior and transverse diameters of the foramen magnum in Iranian men are far more than Iranian women, these diameters can be used to distinguish between the two genders in the precise legal field.

Comprehensive Quantification of the Right Ventricle: Pediatric Reference Values from 0 to 18 Years

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (S 02) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Horst ◽  
A. Karabiyik ◽  
H. Körperich ◽  
M. Fischer ◽  
E. Klusmeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
The Right
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