scholarly journals Haematological Malignancies in Nigeria: Challenges in Diagnosis and Management – A Systematic Review.

2020 ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
NI Ugwu ◽  
IA Nwannadi
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Haematological Malignancies ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Early Presentation ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Proper Diagnosis

Haematological malignancies are major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The aim of this review was to summarize some of the challenges that hamper proper diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies in Nigeria and how they affect outcome. MEDLINE Entrez PubMed, Google scholar and African Journals Online (AJOL) search were performed in April 2020 and studies that investigated challenges in diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies from 2005 to 2019 were sought. Search keywords included “haematological malignancies, challenges, Nigeria”. Only studies that provided information on the challenges of diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies in Nigeria were eligible and were selected. Inclusion criteria were original scientific investigations or case reports, not reviews, studies conducted in Nigeria between 2005 and 2019 and studies written in the English language. A total of eight relevant studies that fulfilled the study inclusion criteria were identified out of 4,129 studies found. Challenges of diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies reported by the studies include late presentation of patients in advanced stage of disease, inability to pay for investigations and/or treatment due to financial constraint, wrong/ delayed diagnosis due to poor diagnostic facility such as use of only morphology for histological diagnosis without immunohistochemistry and poorly equipped health facilities to manage haematological malignancies. Poor outcome as a result of those challenges were also reported by the studies. Awareness creation and education on the importance of early presentation to health facility should be encouraged. Health system should be strengthened by including haematological malignancies in National Health Insurance and providing well equipped health facility for proper diagnosis and management of haematological malignancies.

scholarly journals Conservative management of single foetal death in multiple pregnancy at a tertiary care hospital in Bangladesh: Two case reports

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-174
Author(s):  
Eva Rani Nandi ◽  
Fatema Ashraf ◽  
Nilofar Yasmin ◽  
Hasina Begum
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Multiple Pregnancy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Foetal Death ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Management Challenge

The single fetal death in multiple pregnancy is not rare. Death of one fetus in multiple pregnancy increases the risk of mortality and morbidity of the surviving fetus. This might pose management challenge to the obstetrician. It is a cause of great concern and psychological stress to the parents. Proper diagnosis and intervention in appropriate time can improve the maternal and neonatal outcome. Adequate counseling, psychological support and close follow up are mandatory. There are potential complications to the mother and the surviving twin.Bangladesh Med J. 2016 Sep; 45 (3): 172-174

scholarly journals Etiology, Diagnosis, and Management of Seminal Vesicle Stones

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saher Zaidi ◽  
Jason Gandhi ◽  
Omar Seyam ◽  
Gunjan Joshi ◽  
Wayne C. Waltzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Vesicle ◽  
Literature Search ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Transrectal Ultrasound ◽  
Optimal Management ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Many

Background/Aims: Seminal vesicle (SV) stones are a rare, and thus readily misdiagnosed condition in practice. Understanding the etiology, diagnosis, and management are crucial to guide a urologist's care, and are provided in this literature review. Methods: The inclusion criteria for the literature search, using the search engines MEDLINE® and PubMed was conducted using a combined query of “seminal vesicle stone” and the following keywords: calculi, hematospermia, calcification, and transrectal ultrasound (TRUS). Results: The etiology of SV stones is currently unknown where majority of the patients present with having painful ejaculation and hematospermia. However, clinicians have reported potential etiologies by categorization as an inflammatory or non-in-flammatory. A majority of the previous cases had shown multiple stones being present in the SV duct system that are typically diagnosed through radiological examination such as TRUS, MRI, or plain radiographs. Amongst the many imaging approaches, TRUS remains the primary imaging diagnoses of SV calculi. Transurethral seminal vesiculoscopy has shown to be used in an abundant of the case reports to be an ideal surgical approach for managing small SV stones. In regard to larger stones, a transperitoneal laparoscopic protocol is proper. Conclusion: The current imaging techniques have increased the case reports and diagnosis of SV calculi; however, more research is warranted for understanding the pathogenesis of the formation of SV stones. An optimal management of the extraction of SV stones depends on a number of factors such as size and location.

Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of microcytic anemias due to genetic disorders of iron metabolism or heme synthesis

Blood ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (25) ◽  
pp. 3873-3886 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albertine E. Donker ◽  
Reinier A. P. Raymakers ◽  
L. Thom Vlasveld ◽  
Teus van Barneveld ◽  
Rieneke Terink ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Practice ◽  
Iron Metabolism ◽  
Practice Guidelines ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Genetic Disorders ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Heme Synthesis ◽  
Cellular Iron ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Flowchart

AbstractDuring recent years, our understanding of the pathogenesis of inherited microcytic anemias has gained from the identification of several genes and proteins involved in systemic and cellular iron metabolism and heme syntheses. Numerous case reports illustrate that the implementation of these novel molecular discoveries in clinical practice has increased our understanding of the presentation, diagnosis, and management of these diseases. Integration of these insights into daily clinical practice will reduce delays in establishing a proper diagnosis, invasive and/or costly diagnostic tests, and unnecessary or even detrimental treatments. To assist the clinician, we developed evidence-based multidisciplinary guidelines on the management of rare microcytic anemias due to genetic disorders of iron metabolism and heme synthesis. These genetic disorders may present at all ages, and therefore these guidelines are relevant for pediatricians as well as clinicians who treat adults. This article summarizes these clinical practice guidelines and includes background on pathogenesis, conclusions, and recommendations and a diagnostic flowchart to facilitate using these guidelines in the clinical setting.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Cardiovascular Manifestations and Outcomes in the Setting of Coronavirus-19 Disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samarthkumar Thakkar ◽  
Shilpkumar Arora ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Rahul Jaswaney ◽  
Mohammed Faisaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myocardial Infection ◽  
The Impact

The impact of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has been profound. Though COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it has also been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) manifestations portending extremely poor prognosis. The principal hypothesis for CV involvement is through direct myocardial infection and systemic inflammation. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature to provide a foundation for understanding the CV manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19. PubMed and EMBASE databases were electronically searched from the inception of the databases through April 27th, 2020. A second literature review was conducted to include major trials and guidelines that were published after the initial search but before submission. The inclusion criteria for studies to be eligible were case reports, case series, and observation studies reporting CV outcomes among patients with COVID-19 infection. This review of the current COVID-19 disease and CV outcomes literature revealed a myriad of CV manifestations with potential avenues for treatment and prevention. Future studies are required to understand on a more mechanistic level the effect of COVID-19 on the myocardium and thus provide avenues to improve mortality and morbidity.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Cardiovascular Manifestations and Outcomes in the Setting of Coronavirus-19 Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 117954682097719
Author(s):  
Samarthkumar Thakkar ◽  
Shilpkumar Arora ◽  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Rahul Jaswaney ◽  
Mohammed Faisaluddin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Treatment And Prevention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Myocardial Infection ◽  
The Impact

The impact of coronavirus disease, 2019 (COVID-19), has been profound. Though COVID-19 primarily affects the respiratory system, it has also been associated with a wide range of cardiovascular (CV) manifestations portending extremely poor prognosis. The principal hypothesis for CV involvement is through direct myocardial infection and systemic inflammation. We conducted a systematic review of the current literature to provide a foundation for understanding the CV manifestations and outcomes of COVID-19. PubMed and EMBASE databases were electronically searched from the inception of the databases through 27 April 2020. A second literature review was conducted to include major trials and guidelines that were published after the initial search but before submission. The inclusion criteria for studies to be eligible were case reports, case series, and observation studies reporting CV outcomes among patients with COVID-19 infection. This review of the current COVID-19 disease and CV outcomes literature revealed a myriad of CV manifestations with potential avenues for treatment and prevention. Future studies are required to understand on a more mechanistic level the effect of COVID-19 on the myocardium and thus provide avenues to improve mortality and morbidity.

Diagnosis and Management of the Double Orifice Mitral Valve: Three Case Reports

2005 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. E236-E240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omer Faruk Dogan ◽  
Metin Demircin ◽  
Tevfik Karagoz
Keyword(s):  
Mitral Valve ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Double Orifice

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Congenital Zika Virus Infection Paradigm: What is in the Wardrobe? A Narrative Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Mariam M. Mirambo ◽  
Lucas Matemba ◽  
Mtebe Majigo ◽  
Stephen E. Mshana
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
English Language ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ocular Manifestations ◽  
Zika Virus Infection ◽  
N 93

Background: Zika virus infection during pregnancy has been recently associated with congenital microcephaly and other severe neural tube defects. However, the magnitude of confirmed cases and the scope of these anomalies have not been extensively documented. This review focuses on the magnitude of laboratory-confirmed congenital Zika virus cases among probable cases and describing the patterns of congenital anomalies allegedly caused by the Zika virus, information which will inform further research in this area. Methods: We conducted a literature search for English-language articles about congenital Zika virus infection using online electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, POPLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Knowledge). The search terms used were, “zika”, “pregnancy”, [year], “microcephaly”, “infants”, “children”, “neonates”, “foetuses”, “neural tube defect”, and “CNS manifestations” in different combinations. All articles reporting cases or case series between January 2015 and December 2016 were included. Data were entered into a Microsoft Excel database and analysed to obtain proportions of the confirmed cases and patterns of anomalies. Results: A total of 24 articles (11 case series, 9 case reports, and 4 others) were found to be eligible and included in this review. These articles reported 919 cases, with or without microcephaly, presumed to have congenital Zika virus infection. Of these cases, 884 (96.2%) had microcephaly. Of the 884 cases of microcephaly, 783 (88.6%) were tested for Zika virus infection, and 216 (27.6%; 95% confidence interval, 24.5% to 30.8%) were confirmed to be Zika virus-positive. In addition to microcephaly, other common abnormalities reported – out of 442 cases investigated – were calcifications of brain tissue (n=240, 54.3%), ventriculomegaly (n=93, 20.8%), cerebellar hypoplasia (n=52, 11.7%), and ocular manifestations (n=46, 10.4%). Conclusion: Based on the available literature, Zika virus infection during pregnancy might lead to a wide array of outcomes other than microcephaly. There is a need for more epidemiological studies in Zika-endemic areas, particularly in Africa, to ascertain the role of Zika virus in causing congenital neurological defects.

Terson sign:

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
Luiz Severo Bem Junior ◽  
Gustavo De Souza Andrade ◽  
Joao Ribeiro Memória Júnior ◽  
Hildo Rocha Cirne de Azevedo Filho
Keyword(s):  
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Vitreous Hemorrhage ◽  
Anterior Communicating Artery ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Terson's sign (TS) is classically defined as vitreous hemorrhage associated with subarachnoid hemorrhage of aneurysmal origin, being an important predictor of severity, indicating greater morbidity and mortality when compared to patients without the sign. The objective of this study is to review the relationship of Terson syndrome/Terson sign with the prognosis of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage. A search for original articles, research and case reports was performed on the PubMed, Scielo, Cochrane and ScienceDirect platform, with the following descriptors: Terson sign and subarachnoid hemorrhage. Retrospective, prospective articles and case reports published in the last 5 years and which were in accordance with the established objective and inclusion criteria were selected. Ten (10) articles were selected, in which the available results show an unfavorable prognostic relationship of TS and subarachnoid hemorrhage, because these patients had a worse clinical status assessed on the Glasgow scales ≤ 8, Hunt & Hess > III, Fisher > 3, in addition to intracranial hypertension and location of the aneurysm in the anterior communicating artery complex. The early recognition of this condition described by Albert Terson in 1900 brought an important contribution to neurosurgery, being recognized until nowadays.

Novel Therapeutic Approaches and Targets for Treatment of Chronic Urticaria: New Insights and Promising Targets for a Challenging Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-45
Author(s):  
Emanuela Martina ◽  
Federico Diotallevi ◽  
Tommaso Bianchelli ◽  
Matteo Paolinelli ◽  
Annamaria Offidani
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria ◽  
New Targets ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Novel Drugs

Background: Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU) is a disease characterized by the onset of wheals and/or angioedema over 6 weeks. The pathophysiology for CSU is very complex, involving mast cells and basophils with a multitude of inflammatory mediators. For many years the treatment of CSU has been based on the use of antihistamines, steroids and immunosuppressive agents with inconstant and frustrating results. The introduction of omalizumab, the only licensed biologic for antihistamine- refractory CSU, has changed the management of the disease. Objective: The aim of this article is to review the current state of the art of CSU, the real-life experience with omalizumab and the promising drugs that are under development. Methods:: An electronic search was performed to identify studies, case reports, guidelines and reviews focused on the new targets for the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria, both approved or under investigation. The search was limited to articles published in peer-reviewed journals in the English Language in the PubMed database and trials registered in Clinicaltrials.gov. Results:: Since the advent of omalizumab, the search for new therapies for chronic spontaneous urticaria has had a new impulse. Anti-IgE drugs will probably still be the cornerstone of therapy, but new targets may prove effective in syndromic urticaria or refractory cases. Conclusion:: Although omalizumab has been a breakthrough in the treatment of CSU, many patients do not completely get benefit and even require more effective treatments. Novel drugs are under investigation with promising results.

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