scholarly journals Efecto de la inoculación de micorrizas arbustivas en la evaluación agronómica de cuatro tipos de pastos en el cantón Pedernales, provincia de Manabí, Ecuador

TAYACAJA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elber Vinicio Solís Canchingre ◽  
Henry Othón Intriago Mendoza ◽  
Alfredo Noa Monzón ◽  
Tyrone Antonio Zambrano Barcia ◽  
Jacinto Atanacio Andrade Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

En el Ecuador la actividad ganadera tiene un rol importante, es conocido que la alimentación del ganado básicamente es en torno a las gramíneas, por ser el alimento natural y de bajo costo que crece en los potreros. Evaluar los datos agronómicos de los pastos con la inoculación de micorrizas arbusculares y contrastar con las gramíneas que no fueron inoculadas, es de importancia ya que se logró obtener información sobre si es conveniente el uso de estos hongos para mejorar los rendimientos agronómicos en los pastos tropicales. Los datos que se evaluaron son altura de planta, diámetro de tallo, largo de hoja, ancho de hoja, peso de planta (g), rendimiento kg/ha, las gramíneas sometidas a esta investigación son: Brizanta, Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R. D. Webster; Saboya, Panicum maximum Jacq.; Tanzania, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzania) y Pangola, Digitaria eriantha Steud. Todos los taxones con que se experimentó tienen una dependencia de micorrizas de aproximadamente el 80%.

scholarly journals Phosphorus as a mitigator of the effects of water stress on the growth and photosynthetic capacity of tropical C4 grasses

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Akiyoshi Kuwahara ◽  
Gustavo Maia Souza ◽  
Kezia Aparecida Guidorizi ◽  
Ciniro Costa ◽  
Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Photosynthetic Capacity ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
P Deficiency ◽  
Tropical Grasses ◽  
Tropical Forage ◽  
Productive Potential ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Water deficiency during the dry seasons influences the relationship between water and gas exchange in tropical grasses, reducing their productive potential. In addition, the phosphorus (P) deficiency Brazilian soils adds to the set of factors limiting crop production. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of different tropical forage species to phosphorus supplementation as mitigating the damage caused by water stress. Seeds of Urochloa brizantha cv. MG-4, Urochloa decumbens cv. Basilisk, Panicum maximum cv. Áries, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia and Paspalum atratum cv. Pojuca were germinated in pots containing 10 liters of red-yellow Acrisol type soil. Experiments were conducted by combining levels of phosphorus, 8,0 and 100,0 mg of P dm-3, with two irrigation regimes, 100 and 40% replacement of transpired water. The biometric parameters, photosynthetic capacity, leaf water potential and soil chemical characteristics were evaluated, and the data was submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA, p < 0.05), and subsequently the means were compared using a Tukey test (p < 0.05). The results showed for tropical grasses grown under water stress, there is a clear mitigating effect of phosphorus supplementation, especially on the maintenance of biomass growth. 

scholarly journals Tropical forages: morphoanatomy of plants grown in areas with the death of pasture syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 868-875
Author(s):  
N. G. Ribeiro-Júnior ◽  
O. S. Fagundes ◽  
A. S. Benevenuti ◽  
O. M. Yamashita ◽  
A. A. B. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Vascular Cylinder ◽  
Bulliform Cells ◽  
Leaf Mesophyll ◽  
Cynodon Nlemfuensis ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sclerenchyma Fibers

Abstract Roots and leaves of Panicum maximum Tanzânia, Mombaça and Massai; Urochloa brizantha Piatã, Marandu and Xaraés; Urochloa humidicola Llanero; Urochloa ruziziensis Ruzizienses; Urochloa hybrida Mulato II and Cynodon nlemfuensis Estrela-roxa were analyzed, seeking to identify characters for better adaptation to the environment that may interfere with digestibility of tissue from the point of view of the rumen in cattle. Were planted ten cultivars in a completely randomized blocks with three repetitions. Was collected vegetative material, which histological slides were prepared from middle third of the sections of roots and leaves. Were observed differences (p>0.05) in the roots: higher volume of epidermal cells (28.62 µm) and overall diameter (1926.41 µm) of Llanero; thicker vascular cylinder (975.09 µm) and more protoxylem (42.25) in Estrela-roxa and occurrence of aerenchyma in cultivars Piatã, Mulato II, Xaraés, Massai, Llanero and Estrela-roxa; Were found higher proportions of bulliform cells in the leaves (121.07 µm) and thicker leaf mesophyll in U. humidicola Llanero (263.63 µm); higher proportion of sclerenchyma fibers in Xaraés and Marandu; lower results for amount of fibers in P. maximum Massai. We conclude that the cultivars Estrela-roxa, Llanero and Massai have greater adaptability to the environment and better nutritional quality.

scholarly journals Condição física e desenvolvimento radicular de gramíneas em solo construído após mineração de carvão

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1078-1087 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lizete Stumpf ◽  
Eloy Antonio Pauletto ◽  
Luiz Fernando Spinelli Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Furtado Garcia ◽  
Jordano Vaz Ambus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a condição física e a potencialidade de uso agrícola de um solo construído após mineração com carvão, além do desenvolvimento radicular de gramíneas tropicais nesse solo, tendo-se considerado diferentes períodos de revegetação. O solo foi construído no início de 2003, e o experimento instalado em novembro/dezembro de 2007. A condição física do solo construído foi avaliada nas parcelas ocupadas por gramíneas perenes, como Urochloa humidicola, Panicum maximum e U. brizantha. Em julho de 2012, foram coletadas amostras de solo com estrutura preservada e não preservada para a determinação dos atributos físico-químicos, nas camadas de 0,00-0,10, 0,10-0,20 e 0,20-0,30 m. Monólitos de solo foram coletados para caracterização do sistema radicular das diferentes gramíneas. Após 58 meses de revegetação, a condição física do solo construído ainda é inadequada ao uso agrícola que envolva práticas mais intensivas de manejo de solo. Entre as camadas avaliadas, somente a de 0,00-0,10 m fornece condições para que o solo cumpra suas funções no ecossistema. Urochloa brizantha mostra-se mais promissora para a recuperação da estrutura do solo na camada de 0,00-0,10 m, e a densidade radicular foi o atributo mais sensível para a diferenciação do desenvolvimento potencial das diferentes espécies nesta camada.

scholarly journals CONSORCIAÇÃO DE FORRAGEIRAS COM MILHO OUTONAL EM PLANTIO DIRETO: PRODUÇÃO DE GRÃOS E PALHA

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
Francisco Cezar Belchor Lages Pereira ◽  
Veridiana Zocoler de Mendonça ◽  
Luiz Malcolm Mano de Mello ◽  
Henrique Vinicius de Holanda ◽  
Élcio Hiroyoshi Yano
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

O consórcio entre culturas graníferas e espécies forrageiras tropicais tem se mostrado eficiente, na formação de pastagem e de palha para o sistema plantio direto. O presente trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de identificar, no sistema de integração agricultura-pecuária, o melhor arranjo de consorciação de milho outonal com quatro forrageiras (Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e Panicum maximum cv. Áries) em três modalidades de semeadura: na linha de semeadura misturado ao adubo do milho, a lanço em área total no mesmo dia da semeadura do milho e a lanço na época de adubação de cobertura do milho e uma testemunha (milho sem consorciação). O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados em esquema fatorial 4x3+1 com quatro repetições. Segundo os resultados para produção de grãos e palha do milho não houve diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos de consorciação e tampouco entre os mesmos e o milho exclusivo. A semeadura das forrageiras na linha do milho proporcionou maior produtividade de matéria seca de palha, porém não houve diferenças entre as espécies estudadas.

scholarly journals Decomposição da palhada de forrageiras em função da adubação nitrogenada após o consórcio com milho e produtividade da soja em sucessão

Bragantia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cássia Maria de Paula Garcia ◽  
Marcelo Andreotti ◽  
Marcelo Carvalho Minhoto Teixeira Filho ◽  
Keny Samejima Mascarenha Lopes ◽  
Salatiér Buzetti
Keyword(s):  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Litter Bags ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar a decomposição da palhada de Urochloa e Panicum após o consórcio com milho e adubação nitrogenada, assim como o desempenho agronômico da soja em sucessão. O experimento foi conduzido num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico em condições de Cerrado, sob sistema de plantio direto. Após a colheita do milho consorciado com capim e corte de homogeneização das forrageiras, foram aplicadas doses de N (0, 50, 100 e 200 kg ha-1, fonte ureia) em cobertura. As parcelas foram constituídas por Urochloa brizantha cv. Xaraés, Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum cv. Tanzânia e Mombaça, semeadas na ocasião da semeadura do milho, e as subparcelas, compostas pela quantidade acumulada de nitrogênio aplicada nas plantas forrageiras anteriores ao cultivo da soja (0, 250, 500 e 1.000 kg ha-1 de N, após cinco cortes). O delineamento experimental foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas. Logo após o último corte das forrageiras, quantidade proporcional de massa fresca das espécies de cada subparcela foi acondicionada em sacos de nylon "Litter Bags", sendo eles depositados em contato direto com o solo, para determinação do tempo de decomposição da massa seca ao longo de 150 dias. As doses de N, assim como os consórcios de milho com forrageiras (exceto com Mombaça) interferem de forma semelhante na decomposição da palhada das forrageiras e na produtividade da soja em sucessão. Em todos os consórcios de milho e adubação nitrogenada antecessores aos 60 dias após a dessecação e corte, restavam ainda entre 50 e 60% da palhada inicial para SPD.

scholarly journals Mapping Productivity and Essential Biophysical Parameters of Cultivated Tropical Grasslands from Sentinel-2 Imagery

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 711
Author(s):  
Amparo Cisneros ◽  
Peterson Fiorio ◽  
Patricia Menezes ◽  
Nieves Pasqualotto ◽  
Shari Van Wittenberghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vegetation Indices ◽  
Agricultural Science ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Biophysical Parameters ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Tropical Grasslands ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Sentinel 2

Nitrogen (N) is the main nutrient element that maintains productivity in forages; it is inextricably linked to dry matter increase and plant support capacity. In recent years, high spectral and spatial resolution remote sensors, e.g., the European Space Agency (ESA)’s Sentinel satellite missions, have become freely available for agricultural science, and have proven to be powerful monitoring tools. The use of vegetation indices has been essential for crop monitoring and biomass estimation models. The objective of this work is to test and demonstrate the applicability of different vegetation indices to estimate the biomass productivity, the foliar nitrogen content (FNC), the plant height and the leaf area index (LAI) of several tropical grasslands species submitted to different nitrogen (N) rates in an experimental area of São Paulo, Brazil. Field reflectance data of Panicum maximum and Urochloa brizantha species’ cultivars were taken and convoluted to the Sentinel-2 satellite bands. Subsequently, different vegetation indices (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDI), Three Band Index (TBI), Difference light Height (DLH), Three Band Dall’Olmo (DO), and Normalized Area Over reflectance Curve (NAOC)) were tested for the experimental grassland areas, and composed of Urochloa decumbens and Urochloa brizantha grass species, which were sampled and destructively analyzed. Our results show the use of different relevant Sentinel-2 bands in the visible (VIS)–near infrared (NIR) regions for the estimation of the different biophysical parameters. The FNC obtained the best correlation for the TBI index combining blue, green and red bands with a determination coefficient (R2) of 0.38 and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 3.4 g kg−1. The estimation of grassland productivity based on red-edge and NIR bands showed a R2 = 0.54 and a RMSE = 1800 kg ha−1. For the LAI, the best index was the NAOC (R2 = 0.57 and RMSE = 1.4 m2 m−2). High values of FNC, productivity and LAI based on different sets of Sentinel-2 bands were consistently obtained for areas under N fertilization.

Responses to shading of seedlings of savanna grasses (with different C4 photosynthetic pathways) in Botswana

1993 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. M. Veenendaal ◽  
D. D. Shushu ◽  
J. M. O. Scurlock
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Stress ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Light Saturation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Light Intensities ◽  
Digitaria Eriantha

ABSTRACTDifferent C4 photosynthesis pathways may influence plant response to shade and/or moisture stress. In the savanna of south-eastern Botswana, seedlings of PCK C4 type grass species were frequently observed to emerge in shaded habitats. The speciesDigitaria erianthasubsp.pentzii, which shows the NADP-ME pathway, was also found to be associated with the tree canopy. Species emerging in habitats exposed to full sun often showed the NAD-ME C4 pathway. Seedlings orAristida congesla, Eragrostis rigidiorandTragus berteronianuswhich normally emerge in full light, showed higher relative growth rates and/or unit leaf rates compared with seedlings ofPanicum maximumandUrochloa panicoideswhich are associated with shaded habitats. Seedlings of the latter species, however, survived low light conditions. Relative growth rate of the seedlings appeared to be negatively related to caryopsis weight. Light response analysis of leaves ofDigitaria erianthasubsp.pentzii, grown under low light intensities, showed similar trends in light saturation to those reported for the PCK type inPanicum maximum. Mesophyll rather than stomatal limitations appeared to induce light saturation at higher light intensities in leaves grown under shade conditions.

scholarly journals SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES IN AN INTEGRATED CROP-LIVESTOCK-FORESTRY SYSTEM

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73
Author(s):  
Marcio Neves Rodrigues ◽  
Leonardo David Tuffi Santos ◽  
Regynaldo Arruda Sampaio ◽  
Luiz Arnaldo Fernandes
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Acacia Mangium ◽  
Soil Chemical Properties ◽  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Urochloa Decumbens ◽  
Degraded Pasture ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

The experiment was conducted in Eutrophic Red-Yellow Ultisol, and aimed to evaluate soil chemical properties in Integrated Crop-Livestock-Forestry Systems (ICLF) in comparison to other types of soil use. The study assessed ICLF systems, monocultures of acacia (Acacia mangium), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus urophylla x E. grandis), Urochloa brizantha, Urochloa decumbens, Sorghum bicolor and Panicum maximum, with crop variations in three agricultural cycles in a 2 year period, in comparison to native vegetation, 8-year-old U. brizantha pasture and degraded pasture of P. maximum with exposed soil areas. In contrast to native forest and well-managed pastures and ICLF systems, contents of organic matter and calcium in the soil were lower in monocultures of eucalyptus, acacia and forage. The good fertility of the soil contributed to the total CEC, pH, K and Mg variables evaluated and these did not show any distinction between the environments analyzed. Soil organic matter and Ca contents were higher in native vegetation and managed pasture environments. These can be used in the evaluation of implemented systems ICLF few years before, in order to determine the feasibility of systems.

scholarly journals Influence of Sowing Depth in the Emergence of Urochloa and Panicum

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Geisilene Ribeiro Schmoeller ◽  
Elonha Rodrigues dos Santos ◽  
Kledson de Oliveira Almeida ◽  
Fabrício Leonardo Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Andrezza Miguel da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Nutrient Uptake ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Sowing Depth ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha

Sowing depth of forage seed is an important factor in seed germination and emergence and varies according to crop. Ideal sowing should be performed at a depth sufficient to promote rapid and uniform germination, with minimal reserve expenditure and facilitating nutrient uptake by the plant. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sowing depth on seed germination of forage species in the field. The experiment was implemented in September 2018. The design was completely randomized in a 4 &times; 4 factorial scheme with four replicates, being the first factor four forage cultivars: Urochloa &lsquo;Xara&eacute;s&rsquo;; Urochloa &lsquo;Piat&atilde;&rsquo;; Urochloa ruziziensis and Panicum maximum &lsquo;Momba&ccedil;a&rsquo;; and the second factor four sowing depths: 0; 4; 7 and 10 cm. The variables evaluated were initial emergence; emergence at 10 days after sowing; emergence at 21 days after sowing and emergence speed index. Seeding at 0 cm provides greater emergence of seedlings for Urochloa brizantha &lsquo;Piat&atilde;&rsquo;, Urochloa brizantha &lsquo;Xara&eacute;s&rsquo;, Urochloa ruziziensis and Panicum maximum &lsquo;Momba&ccedil;a&rsquo;. Seedling emergence reduced when sowing was performed at greater depths (4, 7, and 10 cm). If necessary, Urochloa brizantha &lsquo;Piat&atilde;&rsquo; should be sown up to 7 cm. The sowing at 10 cm depth is not recommended for any of the studied cultivars.

scholarly journals Fitorremediation of contaminated soil with 2,4-D + picloram in Eastern Amazonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. e59110414372
Author(s):  
Jéssica Paloma Pinheiro da Silva ◽  
Sandra Andréa Santos da Silva ◽  
Douglas Pereira Ferreira ◽  
Samia Cristina de Lima Lisboa ◽  
Rainerio Meireles da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soil ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Completely Randomized Design ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Two Stages

The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombasa in phytoremediation of soil treated with 2,4-D + picloram herbicide, using Raphanus sativus Crimson Gigante as a bioindicator plant. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in a completely randomized design in two stages. In the first stage the treatments were: cultivation of U. brizantha and P. maximum treated with and without the herbicide dose, with five replications. In the second stage, the treatments consisted of cultivating R. sativus in soil: free of herbicide residue; and soil contaminated with cultivation: prior to U. brizantha; P. maximum; and without previous cultivation of grass, with five replications. The units were treated with the herbicide, individually in pre-emergence, after 15 days the grasses were sown. After 50 days, forages were harvested and segregated in aerial and root parts, analyzing fresh and dry biomass (g) and height (cm). After removing phytoremediation plants, R. sativus was transplanted, evaluating visual phytotoxicity at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after emergence (DAE) and at 20 DAE, the accumulation of green and dry matter (g), height (cm). The evaluated grasses have phytoremediation characteristics for auxinic herbicides; R. sativus can be used as a bioindicator of the herbicide 2,4-D + picloram; the evaluated period was not enough to fully remove the effects of the herbicide.

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