scholarly journals RECENT TECHNIQUES BASED ON THE UTILIZATION OF DNA AND AUTOSOMAL SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS FOR IDENTIFYING HUMANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahmida Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators

The biological samples used in forensics can contain DNA which is highly fragmented as a consequence of exposure to any of the numerous degrading factors. Analysis of the sequence or size of the products of Polymerase chain reaction is at present responsible for the analysis of remains of humans in forensics. Despite the effectiveness of protocols based on PCR, there are certain limitations that are presented by the low numbers of copies of the template and the variations that are imposed by the decaying process to the template. The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. This study provides an exploration of the applicability of autosomal SNPs for the identification of humans at crime scene. This would fill the gap present in the current literature regarding the significance of autosomal SNPs in the identification of humans during crime scene investigation. It will also enable the identification of the criminals involved in several types of the crimes ranging from general theft to rape and sexual assault, murder, and robberies. It will also allow the identification of dead bodies in cases where it is difficult to identify the dead person due to unrecognizable condition of the body. This study will facilitate the improvement of the investigation of crime scene investigators. It will provide a significant way for the incorporation of recent techniques of the molecular genetics into forensics. Reduction in the workload of the crime scene investigators would also occur through the implementation of outcomes of this study into the field of forensic science. There are several studies which have demonstrated the applicability of SNPs in forensic investigations for identifying the humans at crime scene. Several effective and efficient technological systems have been developed by the researchers which are capable of performing analysis of biological samples containing degraded DNA because SNPs can be obtained from these samples. Physical characteristics of the individuals can be predicted through the analysis of SNPs. This can provide significant information about the color of eye, hair and skin of the individuals involved in crime.

scholarly journals RECENT TECHNIQUES BASED ON THE UTILIZATION OF DNA AND AUTOSOMAL SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISMS FOR IDENTIFYING HUMANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Fahmida Khatoon
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Biological Samples ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Degraded Dna ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Dead Person ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators

The biological samples used in forensics can contain DNA which is highly fragmented as a consequence of exposure to any of the numerous degrading factors. Analysis of the sequence or size of the products of Polymerase chain reaction is at present responsible for the analysis of remains of humans in forensics. Despite the effectiveness of protocols based on PCR, there are certain limitations that are presented by the low numbers of copies of the template and the variations that are imposed by the decaying process to the template. The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. This study provides an exploration of the applicability of autosomal SNPs for the identification of humans at crime scene. This would fill the gap present in the current literature regarding the significance of autosomal SNPs in the identification of humans during crime scene investigation. It will also enable the identification of the criminals involved in several types of the crimes ranging from general theft to rape and sexual assault, murder, and robberies. It will also allow the identification of dead bodies in cases where it is difficult to identify the dead person due to unrecognizable condition of the body. This study will facilitate the improvement of the investigation of crime scene investigators. It will provide a significant way for the incorporation of recent techniques of the molecular genetics into forensics. Reduction in the workload of the crime scene investigators would also occur through the implementation of outcomes of this study into the field of forensic science. There are several studies which have demonstrated the applicability of SNPs in forensic investigations for identifying the humans at crime scene. Several effective and efficient technological systems have been developed by the researchers which are capable of performing analysis of biological samples containing degraded DNA because SNPs can be obtained from these samples. Physical characteristics of the individuals can be predicted through the analysis of SNPs. This can provide significant information about the color of eye, hair and skin of the individuals involved in crime.

scholarly journals Genetic Identification: A Review on Autosomal Single Nucleotide Polymorphism’s as Diagnostic Tool for Identifying Human

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-33
Author(s):  
Fahmida Kahtoon ◽  
Ruba Mustafa Elsaid Ahmed ◽  
Naveed Iqbal ◽  
Zahid Balouch ◽  
Fahad Saleh Alenazi
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Forensic Sciences ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Autosomal Snps ◽  
Single Nucleotide

Single Nucleotide polymorphisms are biological markers, helping researchers  to locate genes that are associated with various  diseases. When SNPs occur within a gene or in a regulatory region near a gene, they may play a more direct role in disease by affecting the gene's function. Most SNPs have no effect on health or development.Advancement in the field of genetics has resulted in the application of several techniques of molecular genetics in Pharmacogenomics. Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) holds the key in defining the risk of an individual’s susceptibility to various illnesses and response to drugs The body of human beings is composed of DNA which is a chemical molecule responsible for imparting phenotypic and genotypic characteristics to the individuals. The most recent advancement of molecular genetics, which has found application in forensic science, is the use of autosomal SNPs because they can provide information about the ancestral genetics of human beings.The primary aim of this research is to explore the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic science through the identification of humans at a crime scene. A secondary qualitative research design has been selected for conducting this study. This secondary research is based on a systematic review of the studies which have provided an insight in the significance of autosomal SNPs in forensic sciences by using various Data search Engine. SNPs can be used in the forensic investigation for the identification of individuals present at the crime scene.

scholarly journals Forensic Anthropology

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Purva Wagisha Upadhyay ◽  
Amarnath Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Science ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Forensic Anthropology ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Physical Anthropology ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
The Body ◽  
Time Since Death ◽  
Characteristic Features

Physical anthropology has been making progress in the field of forensic science. Forensic anthropology is the study of identifying and establishing identity of the skeletal remains present at the crime scene. The purpose of the chapter is to throw a light on the field of forensic anthropology as it seeks data like age, sex, ethnic groups, and other characteristic features after the examination of the skeletal remains. Forensic anthropology helps in determining the manner and cause of death, and if the body is still in the decompositions stage, time since death can also be estimated. Advancement in forensic anthropology will not only help to solve the case but it will also increase the opportunity to work in this area. In this chapter, there is an explanation of some of the methods used in forensic anthropology for the analysis of identification and other purposes.

scholarly journals What Teeth Can Tell Us

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klara Janjić ◽  
Fabian Kanz ◽  
Hermann Agis
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Tract ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Body Part ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
The Body ◽  
Criminal Case ◽  
Deceased Person ◽  
Dead Person

Teeth are the hardest substance of the body and the gatekeeper of the digestive tract. They can survive extreme environmental conditions and they are the last part of the body that is decomposed after death. With these unique features, teeth are often the only remaining body part of a deceased person in a criminal case. Teeth can help investigators to find out who a dead person is, how old the person was, if the person was male or female, what kind of daily habits and lifestyle a person had and how the person died. Thus, the examination of teeth plays a key role in crime scene investigations and can help solve crimes.

scholarly journals RESEARCH ON MODERN FORENSIC METHODS OF DETECTION, RECORD, SEIZURE OF SHOEPRINTS AND THEIR FURTHER ACCOUNTING FOR CRIME DETECTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-119
Author(s):  
R. Pertsev
Keyword(s):  
Crime Scene ◽  
Database Systems ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Crime Detection ◽  
Forensic Tools ◽  
Crime Scenes

Shoe prints that have been traced by crime scene investigators at the crime scene can provide information relating to a criminal or a group of criminals that have committed it, and serve as evidence while pre-trial investigation. Furthermore, shoe prints provide information on the possible participation of the same person in different types of crimes (to integrate crimes). At present, the number of crimes related to stealing civilian properties, including robbery, has significantly increased as a result of economic crisis in many countries around the world. As the studies and the practical experience while investigating crime scenes by police in many countries show, footwear evidence as much as physical evidence have not been given due attention. In order to improve the quality of crime scene examination when seizing traces of shoes, the quality of removed traces of shoes, and, as a consequence, increase the efficiency of crime detection using traces of shoes, there is a necessity in: Introduction of modern forensic tools and methods for detecting, seizing traces of shoes, and further comparative research. Establishment of the Unified National Automated System at the legislative level for accounting and identification of shoeprints seized from unsolved crime sites. Creating professional forums to share experiences with leading international forensic experts. Establishing the terms for traces and shoeprints storage and use registered (for example, not more than two years from the date of registration) at the legislative level. In addition, implementation and development of automatic database systems with the ability to conduct identification between shoeprints evidence seized from different crime scenes can provide the investigator with significant information on the possible involvement of the same person in commission of different crimes (to combine crimes), conduct so-called forensic intelligence. A shoeprint as a single piece of evidence may not be weighty enough but combined with additional evidence it is vital for detecting and investigating a crime. In conclusion, it should be noted that this area has great prospects for development and, undoubtedly, should be addressed by forensic experts in this field.

scholarly journals Appetite disinhibition rather than hunger explains genetic effects on adult BMI trajectory

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Brunner ◽  
Koutatsu Maruyama ◽  
Martin Shipley ◽  
Noriko Cable ◽  
Hiroyasu Iso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Genetic Susceptibility ◽  
Eating Behaviors ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Cohort Effect ◽  
The Body ◽  
European Ancestry ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Bmi Trajectories

Abstract Background/objectives The mediating role of eating behaviors in genetic susceptibility to weight gain during mid-adult life is not fully understood. This longitudinal study aims to help us understand contributions of genetic susceptibility and appetite to weight gain. Subjects/methods We followed the body-mass index (BMI) trajectories of 2464 adults from 45 to 65 years of age by measuring weight and height on four occasions at 5-year intervals. Genetic risk of obesity (gene risk score: GRS) was ascertained, comprising 92 BMI-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms and split at a median (=high and low risk). At the baseline, the Eating Inventory was used to assess appetite-related traits of ‘disinhibition’, indicative of opportunistic eating or overeating and ‘hunger’ which is susceptibility to/ability to cope with the sensation of hunger. Roles of the GRS and two appetite-related scores for BMI trajectories were examined using a mixed model adjusted for the cohort effect and sex. Results Disinhibition was associated with higher BMI (β = 2.96; 95% CI: 2.66–3.25 kg/m2), and accounted for 34% of the genetically-linked BMI difference at age 45. Hunger was also associated with higher BMI (β = 1.20; 0.82–1.59 kg/m2) during mid-life and slightly steeper weight gain, but did not attenuate the effect of disinhibition. Conclusions Appetite disinhibition is most likely to be a defining characteristic of genetic susceptibility to obesity. High levels of appetite disinhibition, rather than hunger, may underlie genetic vulnerability to obesogenic environments in two-thirds of the population of European ancestry.

scholarly journals Phase separation during blood spreading

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Houssine Benabdelhalim ◽  
David Brutin
Keyword(s):  
Phase Separation ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Blood Pool ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Surrounding Environment ◽  
Crime Scene Investigators ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Pool Area

AbstractBlood pools can spread on several types of substrates depending on the surrounding environment and conditions. Understanding the influence of these parameters on the spreading of blood pools can provide crime scene investigators with useful information. The focus of the present study is on phase separation, that is, when the serum spreads outside the main blood pool. For this purpose, blood pools with constant initial masses on wooden floors that were either varnished or not were created at ambient temperatures of $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C , $$29~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 29 ∘ C , and $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C with a relative humidity varying from 20 to 90%. The range $$21~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 21 ∘ C to $$37~^{\circ }\hbox {C}$$ 37 ∘ C covers almost all worldwide indoor cases. The same whole blood from the same donor was used for all experiments. As a result, an increase in relative humidity was found to result in an increase in the final pool area. In addition, at the three different experimental temperatures, the serum spread outside the main pool at relative humidity levels above 50%. This phase separation is more significant on varnished substrates, and does not lead to any changes in the drying morphology. This phenomenon is explained by the competition between coagulation and evaporation.

Forensic Science Education by Crime Scene Investigation in Virtual Reality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yen-Ru Chen ◽  
You-Qi Chang-Liao ◽  
Cheng-yu Lin ◽  
Deng-Ruei Tsai ◽  
Jia-He Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Science Education ◽  
Forensic Science ◽  
Crime Scene ◽  
Crime Scene Investigation ◽  
Scene Investigation
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document