scholarly journals Clinical Study of Risk Factors for Diabetic Maculopathy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
Dr. Surekha V. Bangal ◽  
Dr. Bhushan Patil ◽  
Dr. Akshita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Diabetic Maculopathy ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Diabetic Eye Disease

Aim: To determine the association between various systemic risk factors with diabetic maculopathy. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted on 50 patients having diabetic maculopathy. Patients with maculopathies secondary to Vitreous Haemorrhage, Ocular disorders like Glaucoma, Uveitis, Advanced Diabetic Eye Disease, Vitreo-macular traction, maculopathy along with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, ischemic maculopathy, and history of laser treatment in last six months were excluded from the study. Data was collected using a structured proforma that included name, age, sex, occupation, height, weight, history of other systemic diseases like hypertension, investigations and treatment taken in past, family history, duration  of DM, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and nephropathy. Results: Out of 50 patients, 38 (76%) were males and 12 (24%) were females suggestive of male predominance. Mean age of the patient was 57.36±11.65 years in males and 56.67±10.17 years in females. Among 50 patients, 19 patients had diabetes mellitus for 6-10 years duration, 14 patients had diabetes mellitus for 1-5 years, in 12 patients for 11-15 years, in 2 patients for 16-20 years, in 2 patients for 21-25 years and only 1 patient more than 25 years. Mean duration of DM was 12.2±6.1 years. Majority of patients having maculopathy had duration of DM up to 20 years. Among 50 patients, 27 patients (54%) had systemic hypertension, 37 patients (74%) had uncontrolled blood sugar level, 29 patients (58%) were found to have hyperlipidemia and 20 patients (40%) had nephropathy. Among 50 patients, pseudophakia was noted in 7 patients (14%), obesity was noted in 21patients (42%). Eleven patients (22%) were found to have anemia, 6 patients (12%) had family history of DM and 13 patients (26%) had history of smoking. Conclusion: Hyperglycemia, hypertension, duration of DM, hyperlipidemia are the major risk factors for the development and progression of diabetic maculopathy. While anemia, smoking, and obesity, family history of DM are the less significant risk factors.

scholarly journals Incidence of diabetes mellitus and associated risk factors in the adult population of the Basque country, Spain

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Inés Urrutia ◽  
◽  
Alicia Martín-Nieto ◽  
Rosa Martínez ◽  
J Oriol Casanovas-Marsal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Incident Cases

AbstractThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of diabetes mellitus in the Basque Country and the risk factors involved in the disease by reassessing an adult population after 7 years of follow-up. In the previous prevalence study, 847 people older than 18 years were randomly selected from all over the Basque Country and were invited to answer a medical questionnaire, followed by a physical examination and an oral glucose tolerance test. In the reassessment, the same variables were collected and the resulting cohort comprised 517 individuals of whom 43 had diabetes at baseline. The cumulative incidence of diabetes was 4.64% in 7 years and the raw incidence rate was 6.56 cases/1000 person-years (95%CI: 4.11–9.93). Among the incident cases, 59% were undiagnosed. The most strongly associated markers by univariate analyses were age > 60 years, dyslipidaemia, prediabetes and insulin resistance. We also found association with hypertension, obesity, family history of diabetes and low education level. Multivariate analysis adjusted for age and sex showed that a set of risk factors assessed together (dyslipidaemia, waist-to-hip-ratio and family history of diabetes) had great predictive value (AUC-ROC = 0.899, 95%CI: 0.846–0.953, p = 0.942), which suggests the need for early intervention before the onset of prediabetes.

scholarly journals Faktor Risiko Terjadinya Penyakit Jantung Koroner pada Pasien di Unit Rawat Jalan Rumah Sakit Panti Rapih Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
Deviana Widayanti ◽  
Chatarina Setya Widyastuti
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Excess Body Weight ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lack Of Exercise

Background: Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Is a condition when the arteries that supply blood to the heart wall experience hardening and narrowing. It is estimated that 30% of coronary heart disease causes death worldwide. Objective: This study aims to determine the risk factors for CHD in Panti Rapih Hospital. Methods: This descriptive study aims to determine the risk factors for CHD in outpatients at Panti Rapih Hospital. The population is patients who have been diagnosed with coronary heart disease and the sample was taken by 50 respondents with non-random accidental sampling technique. This research take the data use questionnaire and make univariat analysis. Results: Risk factors for CHD are a number of factors that cannot be changed: family history of 42%, age = 40 years 95% in men and 95% age = 65 years in women. Factors that can be changed are: Smoking 78%, history of hypertension 68%, history of diabetes mellitus 28%, dyslipidemic 90%, excess body weight42% and lack of exercise 38%. Conclusion: Risk factors for CHD that cannot be changed: family history of 42%, age = 40 years 95% in men and 95% age = 65 years in women. Factors that can be changed are: Smoking 78%, history of hypertension 68%, history of diabetes mellitus 28%, dyslipidemic 90%, excess body weight 42% and lack of exercise 38%.     Keywords: coronary heart disease, risk factors

scholarly journals 346. Factors Associated with Hypertension in Young Adults with Perinatally-Acquired HIV Infection: a Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S184-S184
Author(s):  
Patrick O’Neil ◽  
Patrick Ryscavage ◽  
Kristen A Stafford
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Family History ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Control Study

Abstract Background The incidence of systemic hypertension (HTN) among perinatally-HIV-infected (PHIV) patients appears to increase as they enter adulthood. Among non-perinatally HIV-infected adults both traditional and HIV-associated risk factors have been found to contribute to HTN. Whether these same factors contribute to HTN in PHIV is unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine the socio-demographic, clinical, virologic, and immunologic factors associated with HTN among a cohort of PHIV adolescents and young adults, aged ≥18 years. Methods We conducted a case–control study among a population of 160 PHIV adults with and without HTN who were receiving care at the University of Maryland and aged 18–35 years as of December 31, 2017. Covariates assessed included traditional risk factors such as age, family history of HTN, and smoking, as well as HIV- and antiretroviral-associated covariates. Results We identified 49 HTN cases (30.6%) and 111 (69.4%) controls. There were no significant differences in the odds of most traditional (age, gender, race, family history of HTN, tobacco, alcohol, and/or other drug use) or HIV-associated (CD4 nadir <100 cells/mm3, individual ART exposure, ART interruption) risk factors among PHIV adults with HTN compared with those with no diagnosis of HTN. Cases had lower odds of a history of treatment with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r). Cases had 3.7 (95% CI 1.11, 12.56) times the odds of a prior diagnosis of chronic kidney disease (CKD) compared with controls after controlling for CD4 nadir and ARV treatment history. Conclusion The results of this study suggest that most traditional and HIV-related risk factors do not appear to increase the odds of having HTN in this PHIV cohort. However, HTN among PHIV may be driven in part by CKD, and a focus on the prevention and early management of CKD in this group may be necessary to prevent the development of HTN. Additionally, there may be as yet unidentified risk factors for HTN among PHIV which require further exploration. Given the large and growing population of PHIV entering adulthood worldwide, it is imperative to explore risk factors for and effects of HTN in large, diverse PHIV populations. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus after kidney transplantation and its related factors in Iranian patients: a retrospective single-center study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e14-e14
Author(s):  
Elham Ramezanzadeh ◽  
Azin Tirbakhsh ◽  
Ali Monfared ◽  
Masoud Khosravi ◽  
Mohammadkazem Lebadi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Beta Blocker ◽  
Cumulative Incidence ◽  
Single Center ◽  
Post Transplantation ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Kidney Recipients ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Post-transplantation diabetes mellitus (PTDM) is a metabolic complication following transplantation, which is associated with cardiovascular disease and leads to increased post-ttransplantation morbidity and mortality. Objectives: To identify the incidence of PTDM and its risk factors in kidney recipients at a single-center in Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 379 kidney recipients with a negative history of diabetes mellitus who underwent transplant before January 2017. PTDM was defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). Data on demographic, clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters were collected. Kaplan-Mayer analysis was used to evaluate the cumulative incidence of PTDM. The association between risk factors and PTDM incidence was identified with stepwise Cox regression. Results: The cumulative incidence of PTDM during a 24-month follow-up was 30.1% (95% CI: 25.6-34.8). By univariate analysis, modifiable or non-modifiable risk factors for PTDM development included recipient age, body mass index (BMI), marital status, family history of diabetes, smoking, type of transplant, hepatitis C virus (HCV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), transplant rejection, TG, tacrolimus, cyclosporine and beta blocker. In this study, family history of diabetes, type of transplant, HCV, CMV, TG, tacrolimus, and beta blocker were predictors of development of PTDM in Cox proportional hazard models. Conclusion: The incidence of PTDM was high. Identification of risk factors determines appropriate strategies for PTDM incidence risk reduction.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors associated with congenital heart disease in a Thai population: multivariable analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayamon Suwansumrit ◽  
Worawan Jittham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common types of birth defects and contribute to a large proportion of infant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These defects may require multiple surgical interventions impacting the infant's quality of life. Objectives To identify risk factors associated with CHD in a population of Thai children. Methods We conducted a case–control study of patients attending the Pediatric Clinic, Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand. We included data from pediatric patients diagnosed with CHDs as cases, and patients without cardiovascular abnormalities as controls. Risk data were collected from July 2019 to April 2020 using face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze parental factors associated with CHDs. Results We included 249 cases classified into 2 groups according to severity and 304 patients as controls. For those less-severely affected (155 patients, 62.2%), ventricular septal defect (27.7%) was the most prevalent, whereas for those with severe CHDs, tetralogy of Fallot was the most prevalent (14.0%). There was no difference in sex distribution or maternal obstetric history between the groups. In multivariable analysis, a family history of CHDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–13.57, P = 0.005) and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42, P = 0.002) were identified as significant risk factors for CHDs. Conclusion A family history of CHDs and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke are associated with having offspring with CHDs in the population studied. These findings help us to encourage affected parents to obtain a fetal echocardiogram.

scholarly journals Ankle-brachial Index and associated factors in individuals with coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Saulo Henrique Salgueiro de Aquino ◽  
Isabelle Tenório Melo ◽  
Carlos Dornels Freire de Souza ◽  
Francisco de Assis Costa
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Family History ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Artery Disease

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Analyzing the association between ABI and the main risk factors for coronary artery disease in coronary patients. METHODS Were selected 156 adult patients from a hospital in Maceió, Alagoas. Were evaluated with risk factors age, obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and dyslipidemia. PAOD screening was performed by the ankle-brachial index (ABI). The Mann-Whitney, chi-square, and Fisher’s exact tests were used. Confidence Interval of 95% and a significance of 5%. RESULTS 67.3% (n=105) males, 52.6% (n=82) elderly, 23.1% (n = 34) obese, 72.4% 6% (n=113) hypertensive, 34.6% (n=54) diabetics, 53.2% (n=83) smokers, 34.6% (n=54) dyslipidemic and 70.5% (n=110) with a family history of CAD. 16.7% (n=26) of the individuals presented PAOD. Three factors were associated with PAOD: age group ≥ 60 years (OR:3.656; p=0.005), diabetes mellitus (OR:2.625; p=0.024) and hypertension (OR:5.528; p=0.008). No significant difference was observed in the variables smoking, dyslipidemia, family history of CAD, and obesity. CONCLUSION The independent risk factors for PAOD were age, diabetes mellitus, and systemic arterial hypertension.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Diabetes Mellitus in People over 40 Years Old in Rural Areas of Central Hunan Province

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lan Li ◽  
Yuan Liao ◽  
Hao Xiao ◽  
Tiantian Wang ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Hunan Province ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Over 40 Years

AbstractObjectiveTo explore the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of central Hunan province, and to analyze the risk factors related to diabetes mellitus (DM).MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted by using questionnaires (gender, age, occupation, degree of education, exercise habits, smoke status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, family history of diabetes), anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure) and biochemical indexes test (fasting blood-glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, blood lipids). Villagers over 40 years old from a community in rural areas of central Hunan Province were investigated.ResultsA total of 410 clinical data were collected. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 410 (177 in male and 233 in female) villagers was 13.41%, including 13 males with a prevalence rate of 7.34% and 42 females with a prevalence rate of 15.16%. The prevalence of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was 11.95%, 21 males (11.86% of males) and 28 females (10.11% of females). And the results of glycosylated hemoglobin test showed that 64% villagers with diabetes mellitus had hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c) above 6.5%. Univariate analysis suggested that gender, smoke status, alcohol consumption, family history of diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension were involved in diabetes mellitus (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that family history of diabetes (OR: 1.759; 95% CI: 1.010-3.065), hypercholesterolemia (OR: 3.819; 95% CI: 1.27-11.486) and hypertension (OR: 2.074; 95% CI: 1.130-3.809) were independent risk factors for diabetes mellitus, and the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe prevalence of diabetes mellitus in rural areas of central Hunan Province is higher. Family history of diabetes, hypercholesterolemia and hypertension are major risk factors for diabetes mellitus. The knowledge of diabetes should be strengthened. Related interventions should be given based on the diabetes epidemic status of local.

scholarly journals The related risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in elderly patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying-Chu Chiu ◽  
Tien-Lung Tsai ◽  
Meiyin Su ◽  
Tsan Yang ◽  
Peng-Lin Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Betel Nut ◽  
Family History Of Diabetes ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) caused by small vessel disease was the main cause of blindness in person with diabetes, and it mainly occurred in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Taiwan was one of the Asian countries with the highest prevalence rate of DR, there were only few studies for the risk of DR in patients with T2DM in Taiwan. According to some studies have shown DR was a major cause of blindness on elderly both in developed and other developing countries. The purpose was to investigate the related risk factors of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. Methods: During July 2010 to December 2017, 4010 T2DM patients without DR were preselected for this study, but 792 patients completed the continuously follow-up evaluation. Patients were invited to have an outpatient visit at least every three months, and they were asked to fill out a brief questionnaire and collect their blood samples. Additionally, statistical methods used independent sample T-test, Chi-square tests and logistic regression in univariate analysis to analyze the relationships between onset DR and each related factor; and finally the optimal multivariate logistic regression model would be determined by stepwise model selection. Results: Of the 792 effective samples, 611 patients (77.1%) progressed to DR and 181 patients (22.9%) did not get DR during the follow-up period. According to the results, the significant factors were women (OR, 2.20; 95%CI, 1.52-3.17), longer diabetic duration (OR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.03-1.08), family history of diabetes (OR, 1.55; 95% CI: 1.09-2.21), higher concentration glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) (OR, 1.27; 95% CI: 1.12-1.44), higher mean low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) (OR, 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00-1.01), and chewing betel nut (OR, 2.85; 95% CI: 1.41-5.77). Conclusions: This prospective cohort study showed that gender, behavior of chewing betel nut, diabetic duration, family history of diabetes, HbA1c, and LDL-c, were important factors for the development of DR in elderly patients with T2DM. It suggested that those patients should well control their HbA1c and LDL-c and quit chewing betel nut to prevent from DR, especially for female patients with family history of diabetes and longer duration of diabetes.

scholarly journals The Risk Factors of Pancreatic Cancer Patients in Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo National Hospital, Jakarta During 2014-2019

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-125
Author(s):  
Kaka Renaldi ◽  
Teddy Septianto ◽  
Dadang Makmun
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Chronic Pancreatitis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age Adjusted Rates

Background: Pancreatic cancer is a very rare cancer with age-adjusted rates ranging from about 5 to 10 new cases per 100,000 persons per year. It has one of the worst prognoses of any type of cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of only 4.6%. Several risk factors have been identified, including older age, smoking, familial history of pancreatic cancer, obesity, chronic pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, and alcohol consumption.Method: This was a descriptive study describing the risk factors of patients who were diagnosed with pancreatic cancer in the period between 1 January 2014 – 1 January 2019 at the Cipto Mangunkusumo National Referral Hospital (RSCM) Jakarta. Data were obtained from the medical records and Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) database from the RSCM Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Center.Results: From January 2014 to January 2019 there were 123 patients with newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer in RSCM. The mean age was 52 years old. The incidence of pancreatic cancer is more common in men (53%) than women (47%). The most common risk factor identified is smoking which was found in 29% of patients, followed by obesity at 27.9% and a history of diabetes mellitus at 19.5%. Risk factors with a fairly low prevalence include alcohol consumption at 9.7% and chronic pancreatitis at 2.4%. No family history of pancreatic cancer is identified in any subject.Conclusion: Smoking, obesity, and diabetes mellitus are common risk factors in pancreatic cancer patients. In contrast, chronic pancreatitis, alcohol consumption, and family history of pancreatic cancer are less commonly identified in patients.

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