scholarly journals The Effects of Input Enhancement Techniques on ESP Learners' Microgenetic Development of Conjunction Production

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Hadi Salehi ◽  
Ali Shahpari ◽  
Aliasghar Ahmadishokouh

Microgenetic design or microgenetic method is a scientific method in which the same setting is studied repeatedly in order toobserve possible changes in details. Reviewing the current literature, one can conclude that microgenetic methods havepositive effects of learning in general and language learning in particular. The main objective of the current study was toinvestigate the possible effects of implementing input enhancement techniques using microgenetic methods, on Iranian ESPlearners' conjunction production. To this end, a number of 40 Iranian ESP learners were participated in the study. During thefour-week period of the current study, the participants received the instructions and treatment, two sessions a week and eachsession lasted for an hour. After administering the pre-test before the instruction, using input enhancement techniques, anumber of the conjunctions were presented and taught to the learners in the first session. The data were collected afterinstructional sessions during the first, third, fifth, and seventh weeks through paragraphs focusing on conjunction productionwritten by the participants. The results indicated that, in the course of time, input enhancement techniques using microgeneticmethods, significantly affect Iranian ESP learners' conjunction production.

1993 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sharwood Smith

The concept of input to the language learner is examined with reference to some current theorizing about language processing and the idea of modular systems of knowledge. The question of what this can tell us about the actions taken by teachers and textbook writers is addressed specifically with regard to manipulating, or “enhancing,” the input ideally so that it will affect learner knowledge and thereby learner behavior. The logic of the argumentation is that, in exposing the learner to the second language, we are engaging a whole battery of different processing mechanisms. Input enhancement research and the conclusions drawn from it have to be set within the context of a modular view of language and language learning.


1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Sharwood Smith

This paper re-analyses the notion of consciousness raising in language learning. The process by which language input becomes salient to the learner is termed 'input enhancement'. This process can come about as a result of deliberate manipulation, or it can be the natural outcome of some internal learning strategy. It can vary quantitatively and qualitatively, not necessarily involv ing conscious analysis of rules. Externally induced salience may not neces sarily be registered by the learner and even when it is registered, it may not affect the learning mechanisms per se. Certain inferences are made about the interpretation of learner performance and ways of measuring it.


2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Dessy Wahyuni

Scientific approach in the learning process is a feature that is becoming its own power from the existence of Curriculum 2013. The scientific approach is believed to be the golden bridge the growth and the development of attitudes, knowledge, and skills of learners. It is certainly not s impossible, because the learning itself is a scientific process (science). Scientific method refers to the technique of investigation into a phenomenon or symptoms, acquiring new knowledge, and then corrected by integrating previous knowledge. Scientific approach emphasizes on the involvement of learners in learning more intensively, creatively, and independently. In this approach, the success would look if learners are able to do some scientific measures ranging from observing, aski, reasoning, trying, and communicating. All these steps are unity and interlocking. Curriculum 2013 is also implementing an integrated thematic learning. In the Indonesian subjects were used for driving knowledge, integrated a variety of other subjects by using a specific theme. In this curriculum, the scientific approach is applied in all subjects, not least on the teaching of language and literature. Then, how the integration of literature on language learning in the curriculum in 2013 through a scientific approach this? Through descriptive method, the goal of this paper is to obtain an overview of integrating literature in the language learning in curriculum in 2013 through a scientific approach. By observing at the Indonesian textbooks promoted by the Agency for Development and Language Development for classes VII and X, it can be concluded that an integration of teaching literature in language learning, and vice versa can be started with literary learning through the application of scientific approach. However, in order to optimize learning lessons of Indonesian literature, teachers need to be careful and creative.AbstrakPendekatan ilmiah dalam proses pembelajaran merupakan satu ciri yang menjadi kekuatan tersendiri dari keberadaan Kurikulum 2013. Pendekatan ilmiah diyakini sebagai titian emas perkembangan dan pengembangan sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan peserta didik. Hal ini tentu saja bukan sesuatu yang mustahil, sebab pembelajaran itu sendiri adalah sebuah proses ilmiah (keilmuan). Metode ilmiah merujuk pada teknik investigasi atas suatu fenomena atau gejala, memeroleh pengetahuan baru, kemudian mengoreksi dengan memadukan pengetahuan sebelumnya. Pendekatan ilmiah menekankan pada keterlibatan peserta didik dalam pembelajaran secara lebih intens, kreatif, dan mandiri. Dalam pendekatan ini, keberhasilan akan tampak jika peserta didik mampu melakukan beberapa langkah ilmiah mulai dari mengamati, menanya, menalar, mencoba, dan mengomunikasikan. Semua langkah ini merupaan satu kesatuan dan saling mengait. Kurikulum 2013 ini juga menerapkan pembelajaran tematik terpadu. Pada mata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang dijadikan penghela pengetahuan, diintegrasikan berbagai mata pelajaran lainnya dengan menggunakan tema tertentu. Pada kurikulum ini, pendekatan ilmiah diterapkan dalam semua mata pelajaran, tidak terkecuali pada pembelajaran bahasa dan sastra. Lalu, bagaimana pengintegrasian sastra pada pembelajaran bahasa dalam Kurikulum 2013 melalui pendekatan ilmiah ini? Melalui metode deskriptif, yang menjadi tujuan penulisan ini adalah memeroleh gambaran pengintegrasian sastra pada pembelajaran bahasa dalam Kurikulum 2013 melalui pendekatan ilmiah. Dengan melihat buku pelajaran bahasa Indonesia yang diusung oleh Badan Pengembangan dan Pembinaan Bahasa untuk kelas VII dan X dapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi pengintegrasian pembelajaran sastra ke dalam pembelajaran bahasa, dan juga sebaliknya, pembelajaran bahasa bisa dimulai dengan pembelajaran sastra melalui penerapan pendekatan ilmiah. Akan tetapi, untuk mengoptimalkan pembelajaran sastra dalammata pelajaran bahasa Indonesia, dibutuhkan guru yang cermat dan kreatif.


2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 192-201
Author(s):  
Saufa Mujadilah

This research uses descriptive analytical approach based on the analysis of reality, relying on documents and scientific method to get information in the analytical view of interactive theory in the second language learning using the tool research and analysis of the content. The results of this research showed that the interactive theory of learning a second language had the relationship between behaviorism approach and the approach of nativism in the sense of interaction between mental ability learners and the surrounding environment. In another sense, although students have the ability to think to learn a second language, but she needs a surrounding environment, due to the interaction of these two elements that will support the learning of a second language. As for the application of this theory in teaching Arabic to non Arabic speakers depending on the following principles: the interaction between teachers and students, the interaction between the student and the student, the interaction between the learner and the environment, interaction between students and the community, interaction between the learner and culture, then lean on collaborative learning, and depending on the cause, application and reinforcement.


2017 ◽  
pp. 274-290
Author(s):  
Satoko Kato

Since language learning relates to learners’ life events, Learning Advisors (advisors) who are professionals in promoting learner autonomy through conducting reflective dialogue with learners, often tap into learners’ life stories in advising sessions. The previous studies on the life narrative approach indicate that storytellers construct personal meaning and stronger self-image while telling their stories (Bruner, 1990; Erikson, 1968). Atkinson (1998) indicates that creating visual images ahead of time could help storytellers prepare to tell their life stories. This study investigates the effects of drawing a ‘picture of life’ (PL) and sharing it in the first session of a professional development (PD) program where one-to-one mentoring sessions were conducted between five experienced advisors and the author during a period of six months. Data were collected from written journals and post-mentoring questionnaires. A qualitative analysis was conducted to investigate the effects of conducting the PL activity in the first session. The results showed that the PL activity not only helped the storytellers bring new insights and meanings to their professional and personal lives, but also it served as a ‘point to return to’ which became a strong thread throughout the following sessions.


Author(s):  
Alex Josef Kasula

The following article discusses the development and outcomes of a multilingual literary magazine, Olowalu Review, within an English-only policy in the United States. First, there is a review of current literature surrounding the ideas of monolingual policies in the US (the context of the article) and current research of the theory of translanguaging for multilinguals and its practice thus far in English language learning classrooms (ELL). The article elaborates on the analysis of translanguaging from Kasula (2016) and how this analysis helps to promote multilingualism. Next, there is a discussion on the achievement of the initial objectives of Olowalu Review, and how this acted as a first potential step in creating a translanguaging space for multilinguals to express themselves and making change towards a more multilingual language policy.


Author(s):  
Mana Alahmad

To determine the role of form-focused instruction on foreign language learners, this study demonstrates noticing necessary in foreign language learning. In other words, an instruction through input enhancement have an effect on foreign language learning.  The participants in the study were 80 students who enrolled in Shamim Language Institute, but only 60 intermediate learners were selected by means of administering a placement test. Based on the results of the placement test, two matched groups, one as the experimental group and the other as the comparison group, were formed. So, the study utilized the experimental paradigm and tested the notion of focusing on form (FonF) as input enhancement for learning. The enhanced text, including conditional sentences as the treatment, time (pretest versus posttest), and task type (a multiple choice test and a cloze test) were used to conduct the study. The participants in control (FonM) group received the unenhanced text and discussed the topic in that session. And experimental group (FonF) concurrently received the same text enhanced and discussed it. To compare the means and the standard deviations of the pretest and the post-test tasks within the treatment, the researcher used T-Test. The results showed that type of instructional treatment led to differences in language learning in the short-term. The scores of the participants demonstrated that the experimental group outperformed the comparison group.


2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Shephard ◽  
Paul Cairney

This paper provides the first systematic attempt to investigate the legislative impact of the Scottish Parliament on Executive legislation, by analysing the fate of all amendments to Executive bills from the Parliament's first session (1999–2003). Initial findings on the success of bill amendments show that the balance of power inclines strongly in favour of ministers. However, when we account for the type of amendment and initial authorship we find evidence that the Parliament (both coalition and opposition MSPs) actually makes more of an impact, particularly in terms of the level of success of substantive amendments to Executive bills. Our findings have implications for much of the current literature that is sceptical of the existence of power sharing between the Executive and the Parliament and within the Parliament.


2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Karim Shabani ◽  
Elahe Mashayekh Bakhshi ◽  
Samaneh Samarghandi

Applying various approaches for efficient grammar teaching has been the focus of abundant research among which elaborating on the effect of focus on form perspective such as computer-assisted language learning (CALL) and input enhancement on the learners’ grammar improvement can be beneficial in grammar research studies. Regarding CALL domain, different technological tools have been applied and their efficiency has been taken into account by various research papers, demonstrating the due positive impact of their utilization in the classroom, paving the way for the learners to experience peer interaction and support, while having teacher’s scaffolding, to gain mastery over grammar. To name a few CALL tools, web-based learning, power point presentation, video projector, and educational software can practically be employed at the service of teaching grammar. One of the sub-division strategies of input enhancement is textual enhancement (TE) through which target forms are bolded, underlined, italicized, colored, or highlighted. Researchers in the field of grammar learning are seeking new methodologies by examining the positive effect of TE combined with CALL approach on the second or foreign language learners’ grammar learning. Hence, the purpose of this study is to present a review of the current literature in order to investigate, to what extent, technology-based instruction can improve learners’ grammar performance. Studies concerning different types of technological tools, TE formats, and the combination of CALL and TE are accounted for in this research. Finally, suggestions for further research and pedagogical implications are provided.


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