“In a strange feast hangoverˮ: the drama of the Russian intelligentsia of the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-33
Author(s):  
Farida Akhunzyanova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
Spiritual Development ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Cultural Codes ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Russian Intelligentsia ◽  
Methodological Approaches

The Russian intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century is characterized by a steady need for unity with the world. This need takes on an intertextual character, flowing into the interaction of ideas and cultural codes leading to the attainment of the status of Homo Cosmicus. One of these codes is a feast. The purpose of the author of the article is to reconstruct the lifecreation of the Russian intelligentsia at the beginning of the 20th century through the prism of an ancient feast. It seems that in the conditions of intense spiritual searches, in the struggle to find wholeness and completeness of human life, turning to antiquity became a truly metaphysical idea, where the feast was a significant cultural constant. In the process of moving to the highest point of spiritual development, the antique feast metaphorically reflects the cosmos of being, just as the violation of the order of the feast reflects the violation of the order of being. This is what happens in Russian reality in the first half of the 20th century, where against the backdrop of tragic historical events, the Platonic “feastˮ turns into the vulgar “feastˮ of Petronius. After the revolution of 1917 the intelligentsia, with its own aspirations, found itself at a feast alien to itself, where it could not find a place, and the “hangover” became too heavy and turned into a real drama. Methodological approaches to the problem under study are based on the theoretical basis of modern scientific knowledge, which includes concepts and methods of philosophy (N. A. Berdyaev, P. A. Florensky, D. S. Merezhkovsky, V. V. Rozanov, Vl. S. Solovyov), cultural studies (I. A. Edoshina, M. S. Kagan, Yu. M. Lotman, N. O. Osipova), art history (I. A. Azizyan, A. Payman, A. A. Rusakova, D. V. Sarabyanov), intelligentsia studies (V. S. Memetov, S. M. Usmanov).

scholarly journals Clothing Design and Ornament Function in the Constructivist Fashion of the 1920s-1930s

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-69
Author(s):  
Galina Ignatenko
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Creative Work ◽  
Clothing Design ◽  
The World ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Cultural Code

The development of clothing of the 1920s-1930s and its role in the formation of new productivist art are considered in the article. At the beginning of the 20th century, the world underwent not only enormous changes but also the loss of self-identification, both on a personal level and on a social level. The Russian Avant-Garde of the early 20th century became the prototype of not only new art but also claimed to have created a unified system of values. Artists turned their attention to clothing as a new widespread form of language. At the same time, finding a functional application to their creativity was the task. Reconstructing the role of clothing in human life was part of the "life building" concept of the early 20th century. The implementation of this idea was seen in the creation of a universal formula not only for creative work but also for life. The utopian idea of the unification of clothing formed the basis for the creation of anti-class functional working clothes. The project of creating universal clothing for mass production is a vivid example of the practical embodiment of the new productivist art. The search for a new form of dress, as a new cultural code, seemed an extremely attractive idea both from an ideological and artistic point of view. The new concept of universal clothing for work and sports transmitted the idea of creating a person of a new world - the builder of a new life. At the same time, denying fashion as a gender-oriented art form, constructivists tried to use concise forms, avoiding decoration and deliberate embellishment. The creation of innovative clothing for mass production also brings up the subject of the appearance of a new canon of the image of a woman, which changed not only the idea of an aesthetic ideal but also its role in society. At the same time, laboratories, which in their work synthesized the trends and challenges of the new time already existing in the world of Western fashion, were working. An attempt to unite Western fashion trends, national traditions, and mass production can be traced both in the practices of constructivist artists and in the works of artists who collaborated with Atelier of Fashion. New interpretations of folk traditions, as part of the search for self-identity, influenced the inclusion of a number of ornamental techniques in the artistic practices of the early 20th century. On the example of the creative work of V. Stepanova, L. Popova, and N. Lamanova’s design, different approaches to the formation of new dress are compared. The article analyzes how the transformation of the approach to clothing design becomes an indicator of sociocultural, political, and ideological changes.

EAST INDIAN AND OTHER DOCKS IN LONDON: IMPERIAL ARCHITECTURE, COLONIAL TRADE AND POSTCOLONIAL MEMORY

2020 ◽  
pp. 190-205
Author(s):  
S. E. Sidorova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Historical Memory ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
East Indian ◽  
Architectural Representation ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Postcolonial History ◽  
The City

The article concentrates on the colonial and postcolonial history, architecture and topography of the southeastern areas of London, where on both banks of the River Thames in the 18th–20th centuries there were located the docks, which became an architectural and engineering response to the rapidly developing trade of England with territories in the Western and Eastern hemispheres of the world. Constructions for various purposes — pools for loading, unloading and repairing ships, piers, shipyards, office and warehouse premises, sites equipped with forges, carpenter’s workshops, shops, canteens, hotels — have radically changed the bank line of the Thames and appearance of the British capital, which has acquired the status of the center of a huge empire. Docks, which by the beginning of the 20th century, occupied an area of 21 hectares, were the seamy side of an imperial-colonial enterprise, a space of hard and routine work that had a specific architectural representation. It was a necessary part of the city intended for the exchange of goods, where the usual ideas about the beauty gave way to considerations of safety, functionality and economy. Not distinguished by architectural grace, chaotically built up, dirty, smoky and fetid, the area was one of the most significant symbols of England during the industrial revolution and colonial rule. The visual image of this greatness was strikingly different from the architectural samples of previous eras, forcing contemporaries to get used to the new industrial aesthetics. Having disappeared in the second half of the 20th century from the city map, they continue to retain a special place in the mental landscape of the city and the historical memory of the townspeople, which is reflected in the chain of museums located in this area that tell the history of English navigation, England’s participation in geographical discoveries, the stages of conquering the world, creating an empire and ways to acquire the wealth of the nation.

scholarly journals THE IMAGE OF TATTA LAND AND YAKUTSK CITY IN THE FORMATION OF FIGURATIVE GEOGRAPHY IN THE EARLY 21 ST CENTURY

2022 ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
И. В. Покатилова ◽  
А. Ф. Лукина
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Traditional Culture ◽  
Specific Region ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Modern Culture ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
Post Soviet Space

Актуальность темы связана с новыми методологическими подходами в исследовании современной культуры Якутии начала 21 века. Авторы попытались применить метод междисциплинарного подхода в исследовании образной географии Якутии начала 21 века на примере проекта «Образная карта - маршрут Таттинского улуса». Город и село в 20 веке являются разными средами обитания современного человека. В первой среде зарождается креативная культура, а во второй - дольше сохраняется традиционная культура. Трансформация традиционной культуры в начале 20 века в городе Якутске привело к зарождению нового креативного типа культуры, а в конце 20 века в постсоветском пространстве формируется образная география конкретного региона или улуса, стянув пространство ландшафта и памятников культурного наследия, что ярко прослеживается на материале Таттинского улуса. The relevance of the topic is related to new methodological approaches in the study of modern culture of Yakutia in the early 21st century. The authors tried to apply the method of an interdisciplinary approach in the study of the figurative geography of Yakutia of the early 20th century by the example of the project "Figurative map - the route of Tatta ulus". City and village in the 20th century are different environments of a modern man. In the first environment, creative culture is born, and in the second, traditional culture is preserved longer. Transformation of traditional culture at the beginning of the 20th century in Yakutsk city led to the birth of a new creative type of culture, and at the end of the 20th century, in the post-Soviet space, a figurative geography of a specific region is formed, pulling together the space of the landscape and cultural heritage monuments, which is clearly seen in the material of Tatta ulus.

ANTHROPOLOGICAL IDEAS OF CARL DU PREL AND ITS RECEPTION BY RUSSIAN SPIRITUALISTS IN THE LATE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2020 ◽  
pp. 58-68
Author(s):  
Tikhon V. Spirin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Science And Religion ◽  
The Other ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Human Being ◽  
Perception Threshold ◽  
New Era ◽  
The Core ◽  
The One

The article addresses the core anthropological concepts of Carl Du Prel’s philosophy and explores the significance of those concepts for the Russian spiritualism of the late 19th – early 20th century. The Du Prel’s theory built up upon the concept of Duality of the Human Being. Du Prel insisted on simultaneous co-existence of two subjects – one pertaining to the sensible world and the other related to the extrasensory (‘the transcendental subject’) – that are divided by the ‘perception threshold’. He argued that in dormant and somnambular state the threshold would shift and thus enable the Transcendental Subject to act in the Extrasensory World. Du Prel believed that the human evolution is not over yet. He suggested that one could estimate what the new form of the human life would be judging by the conditions in which the transcendental subject comes out. Like many other spiritualists, Du Prel foretold the upcoming dawn of a new era where the boundary between science and religion on the one part and the Sensible and Extrasensory World on the other part will vanish. Anthropological doctrine of Du Prel correlated well with the views on the future human being held by the Russian spiritualists, and therefore he became one of the most reputable authors for them

11. Is Marx still relevant?

2018 ◽  
pp. 101-118
Author(s):  
Peter Singer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Financial Crises ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
The Soviet Union ◽  
The World ◽  
Proletarian Revolution

By the early 20th century, Marxism was the dominant ideology of the left, especially in Europe. Marxism spread significantly around the world after the two world wars, but Marx’s prominence went into abrupt decline in 1991, with the collapse of the Soviet Union. Since then, China has been the most significant avowedly Marxist country. ‘Is Marx still relevant?’ considers whether Marx’s views are still relevant when dealing with worldwide inequality, global financial crises, the age of globalization, and climate change. It concludes that Marx’s ideas about the role that economic interests play in our intellectual and political lives will remain relevant, but that his prediction of the inevitability of a proletarian revolution will not.

scholarly journals Limites do mando, limites do mundo: a relação entre identidades de gênero e identidades espaciais no nordeste do começo do século

2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Durval Muniz De ALBUQUERQUE JÚNIOR
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Male Group ◽  
The World

Este texto examina a relação entre as mudanças históricas na sociedade tradicional do engenho, no nordeste brasileiro, no começo do século XX, e a alteração nas percepções espaciais que se expressam em uma série de metáforas que emergem tanto no discurso memorialístico, como no discurso literário produzido por homens ligados a esta elite em declínio social e econômico. Estes textos falam do encurtamento do mundo, de sufocamentos, de limites cada vez mais rigorosos para a vida dos homens. Parece haver uma relação entre mudanças espaciais e mudanças nos códigos sociais e de gênero, à medida que o mesmo mundo que parece vir se encurtando para os homens, parece vir se alargando para as mulheres. Os homens se sentem cada vez mais presos e falam que as mulheres estão cava vez mais à solta. Os espaços que emergem com a sociedade urbana e industrial, espaços disciplinares, ao mesmo tempo em que aparecem nestes discursos como limitadores da vida dos homens, surgem como espaços de libertação das mulheres e de inversão perigosa das relações tradicionais de gênero. Numa sociedade que estaria se feminilizando, os homens estariam cada vez mais sem espaço. Abstract This paper concerns the historical and social changes the tradicional sugar mil society faced in the northeast of Brazil in the early 20th century, and the changes in the space perceptions expressed through a number of metaphors which occur both in memoirs or literary discourses used by the male group from the decadent elite. Those discourses speak about the curbing of the world to men, the suffocation feeling caused by stricter limits and places arising from an urban industrial society symbolized by the mills. These texts also refer to the shortening of male spaces related to a dangerous widening of female spaces. The same institutional and disciplinary spaces that mean imprisonment for men mean freedom to womem. These male discourses combine what is call ed a feminization society and consequent broadening of female boundaries and the reduction of spaces for the men who then face the limitions in their command and in their world.

Readymade Methodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 1122-1130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Evely Gildersleeve ◽  
Kelly W. Guyotte
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Qualitative Inquiry ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Art World ◽  
Technical Application ◽  
Liminal Spaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Visual Artist

Neither inside, nor outside. Between art and non-art. Visual artist, Marcel Duchamp’s readymade art installations of the early 20th century mapped a space of between-ness, of liminality, through previously drawn boundaries in the art world. In this article, we put forth readymade methodology as a liminal approach to (post)qualitative research. Drawing from Duchamp’s readymade art installations, we situate dominant methodological practices as collections of ready-made techniques and technologies for interpreting the world (research as instrumentation); such processes, we argue, are distinct from readymade inquiry (research as immanent and multiplicitous). Readymade methodology disorients knowings and illustrates lines of flight produced from inversions of taken-for-granted technical application of research methods. In this article, we think methodology differently, not limiting ourselves to the constraints/comforts of conventional qualitative methodology. Just as Duchamp interrogated the in-between of art and everyday life, readymade methodology flourishes in/with the potentiality of twisted liminal spaces in (post)qualitative inquiry.

scholarly journals The secular prophet of religious socialism

Tempo Social ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Michael Löwy
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cultural Discourse ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Dynamic Tension ◽  
Spiritual Meaning ◽  
The World ◽  
German Jewish ◽  
Desperate Attempt

There exists a German-Jewish cultural discourse from the early 20th century that stands in dynamic tension between spiritual and material, sacred and secular, beyond the usual static dichotomies. Several key Jewish thinkers have sought to recover spiritual meaning, in direct interaction with the profane. Under different ways they developed a process of simultaneous secularization and sacralization, in a sort of “dialectic” combination of both. The first common characteristic of these authors is their deep attachment to the German romantic culture, with its ambivalence towards modernity, and its desperate attempt at re-enchanting the world through a return to past spiritual forms. This article will demonstrate these relationships through the work of young Eric Fromm.

scholarly journals Government-Voluntary Sector Compacts Reconsidered

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rathgeb Smith
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractAs the articles in this special issue demonstrate, the emergence of government-voluntary sector compacts around the world is intimately linked to comprehensive transformations the welfare state is undergoing in many countries. The fact that the first compact was developed in England is significant; since the early 20th century, the development of the welfare state in many societies has been significantly influenced by the ideas coming from policymakers, scholars and advocates in the United Kingdom.

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