Study the Viability of Some Bacterial Species Isolated from Contaminated Soils on the Manufacture of Nanoparticles

<div> Petroleum products are used in different forms in auto-mechanic workshops every day. Spent motor oil disposed-off improperly contains potentially toxic substances which can seep into the water tables and contaminate ground water. This study involved isolation and screening of bacterial species capable of utilizing hydrocarbons from three auto-mechanic workshops in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts ranged from 1.03 × 106 to 2.81 × 106 CFU/g. Total Oil Degrading Bacterial Counts varied between 4.0 × 105 and 2.01 × 106 CFU/g while Surface Active Bacterial Counts were from 1.2 × 104 to 2.76 × 105 CFU/g. Twenty-four bacteria species capable of utilizing petroleum as a carbon source were isolated from various contaminated soils using enrichment technique. Isolated bacteria include: Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Micrococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris and Enterobacter spp. Redox indicator 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) was used to screen for efficient hydrocarbon (Kerosene, Premium Motor Spirit, and Engine oil) degradation by bacteria. Degradation efficiency was measured by optical density at 600 nm. Micrococcus spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be the best isolates growing on majority of hydrocarbons due to their high utilization value when growing on the hydrocarbons tested. </div>

Download Full-text

Isolation of bacteria from diesel contaminated soil for diesel remediation

Journal of Bio-Science ◽

10.3329/jbs.v28i0.44708 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 ◽

pp. 33-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

OA Oyewole ◽

SS Leh Togi Zobeashia ◽

OE Oladoja ◽

IO Musa ◽

IT Terhemba

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Bacillus Cereus ◽

Soil Sample ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Large Scale ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Plastic Container ◽

Hydrocarbon Concentration ◽

Optimum Ph

This study is aimed at isolating bacterial species that inhabit diesel contaminated soil and also screened these isolates for the ability to be used for remediating diesel contaminated environment using their potential to degrade diesel as carbon and energy source. Top soil sample was collected from an ancient diesel-powered generator house in Minna, Nigeria, in a sterilized plastic container while diesel oil was obtained from local petrol bunk. Four bacterial isolates were isolated from the diesel contaminated soil sample and were screened for their ability to degrade diesel using mineral salt medium (MSM). The isolates with highest biodegradation potential were identified as Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus. The optimum pH (5, 6, 7 and 8) and hydrocarbon concentration (1%, 2%, 5% and 10%) of the isolate was determined by spectrophotometry and the result revealed that the optimum pH for biodegradation of diesel by Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus cereus, was 7 (1.170) and 8 (1.745) respectively while the optimum hydrocarbon concentration degradation for both isolates was 5% (2.22) and 1% (2.37) respectively. The results of this study showed that these isolates were able to degrade diesel and can be useful for large scale bioremediation of diesel contaminated soils. J. bio-sci. 28: 33-41, 2020

Download Full-text

Indole-3-acetic acid synthesizing chromium-resistant bacteria can mitigate chromium toxicity in Helianthus annuus L.

Plant Soil and Environment ◽

10.17221/581/2019-pse ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (No. 5) ◽

pp. 216-221

Author(s):

Ambreen Ahmed ◽

Hadia-E- Fatima

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Cost Effective ◽

Control Treatment ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Chromium Toxicity ◽

Auxin Synthesis ◽

Permissible Levels ◽

Chromium Stress

Use of microorganisms as heavy metal remediators is an effective approach for chromium reduction in plants. Chromium carcinogenicity (Cr6+) beyond the permissible levels elicits environmental and health problems. To reduce chromium toxicity along with the plant growth improvement, a cost-effective and eco-friendly remediation approach is necessary. In the current study, chromium-resistant bacterial species were evaluated for growth improvement of sunflower. Three auxin-producing bacteria able to tolerate hexavalent chromium, i.e., Sporosarcina saromensis (EI) and two species of Bacillus cereus (AR and 3a) were selected for the proposed study. Growth studies along with auxin synthesis potential of bacterial isolates with and without chromium were conducted. Results revealed a 188% enhancement in plant height under laboratory-grown plants with B. cereus (AR) under 500 mg/L chromium stress (Cr6+). B. cereus (3a) also showed an 81% increase in leaf number with 400 mg/L chromium stress in laboratory-grown plants. Similarly, 73% increment in the amount of auxin was reported in the case of inoculation with S. saromensis isolate (EI) over respective control treatment. These improvements provide an excellent means of reducing chromium (Cr6+) in the contaminated soils naturally by stimulating plant growth along with bioremediation potential.

Download Full-text

Screening and characterisation of bioplastics producing bacteria isolated from oil contaminated soils of Virudhunagar, Tamil Nadu, India

Pharmaceutical and Biological Evaluations ◽

10.26510/2394-0859.pbe.2017.04 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

K. Susithra ◽

U. Ramesh ◽

M. Kannan ◽

R. Ganesan ◽

K. Rajarathinam

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Drug Carriers ◽

High Yield ◽

Potential Candidate ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Phb Production

Objective: To screen the high yielding PHB producing bacterial strains and its characterization by phenotypic methods and PHB production was optimized by using different carbon sources, different levels of pH and temperature.Methods: The oil contaminated soils of Virudhunagar town were chosen for the isolation of PHB producing bacterial species. The bacterial isolates were stained by Sudan Black B method for observing the presence of PHB granules and further confirmation by UV and FTIR analysis. The PHB accumulations in bacterial isolates were done by UV-Spectrophotometric analysis. The maximum PHB production was optimized by varying pH, temperature and carbon sources used in the production medium.Results: From the microscopic observations of the individual isolates, seven bacterial isolates were seen by the PHB granules inside the cell. The UV results interpret maximum amount 1052 microgram/ml of PHB by the second bacterial isolate. FTIR confirmed C=O group in the extracted PHB from production media. Also high yield was observed in at pH 9, 370 C and starch.Conclusions: These PHB have potential candidate for some application in packaging and biomedical material production in the form of drug carriers.

Download Full-text

Characterization of Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria and Fungi Associated with Crude Oil Contaminated Soil

Microbiology Research Journal International ◽

10.9734/mrji/2020/v30i530221 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 54-69

Author(s):

D. N. Ogbonna ◽

S. I. Douglas ◽

V. G. Awari

Keyword(s):

Crude Oil ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽

Anthropogenic Activities ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Soil Conditions ◽

Penicillium Species ◽

Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria

Many substances known to have toxic properties are regularly introduced into the environment through human activity. These substances which include hydrocarbons range in degree of toxicity and danger to human health. Frequent oil spills incidents have become a problem to ecological protection efforts. Conventional methods to remove, reduce or mitigate toxic substances introduced into soil via anthropogenic activities suffer setbacks due to the level of risk involved but bioremediation offers an alternative method to detoxify contaminants especially if the soil conditions are amended with organic nutrients or growth enhancing co-substrates. This study was therefore aimed characterizing hydrocarbon utilizing microorganisms associated with crude oil contaminated soils. Soils were obtained from the Rivers State University Agricultural farm contaminated deliberately with crude oil and allowed for 21 days to mimic the natural polluted soil. Sample collection and analyses were carried out according to standard microbiological procedures while characterization of the isolates was done using genomic studies. The results of microbial counts obtained from the soil samples for total heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 2.10 x108 to 2.58 x108 cfu/g, Total heterotrophic fungi had 1.6 x105 to 2.0 x105 cfu/g while the hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria ranged from 8.0 x103 to 5.0 x104 cfu/g and total hydrocarbon utilizing fungi ranged from 9.0 x103 to 7.0 x104 cfu/g in the contaminated soil. Five hydrocarbon utilizing bacterial species were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Comamonas testosteroni and Chryseobacterium cucumeris while five hydrocarbon utilizing fungal species were identified as Penicillium citrinum, Penicillium brocae, Fusarium solani, Kodamaea ohmeri and Lentinus squarrosulus. Bacillus and Penicillium species were predominantly isolated from the soil. This may be due to the ability of the organisms to produce spores, which may shield them from the toxic effects of the hydrocarbons. Since these organisms are able to utilize crude oil as their sole carbon source. Hence, can be used for bioremediation of crude oil polluted environment.

Download Full-text

Identifying an efficient bacterial species and its genetic erosion for arsenic bioremediation of gold mining soil

Archives of Environmental Protection ◽

10.1515/aep-2016-0027 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 42 (3) ◽

pp. 58-66 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Lamyai Neeratanaphan ◽

Tawatchai Tanee ◽

Alongklod Tanomtong ◽

Bundit Tengjaroenkul

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soils ◽

Gold Mining ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Genetic Erosion ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Soil Samples ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Mining Areas ◽

Mining Soil

Abstract To improve bioremediation of arsenic (As) contamination in soil, the use of microorganisms to efficiently reduce As and their assessment of genetic erosion by DNA damage using genomic template stability (GTS) evaluation and using RAPD markers were investigated. The five sites examined for microorganisms and contaminated soils were collected from affected gold mining areas. The highest As concentration in gold mining soil is 0.72 mg/kg. Microorganism strains isolated from the gold mining soil samples were tested for As removal capacity. Two bacterial isolates were identified by 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and morphological characteristics as Brevibacillus reuszeri and Rhodococcus sp. The ability to treat As in nutrient agar (NA) at 1,600 mg/L and contaminated soil samples at 0.72 mg/kg was measured at 168 h, revealing more efficient As removal by B. reuszeri than Rhodococcus sp. (96.67% and 94.17%, respectively). Both species have the capacity to remove As, but B. reuszeri shows improved growth compared to the Rhodococcus sp. B. reuszeri might be suitable for adaptation and use in As treatment. The results are in agreement with their genetic erosion values, with B. reuszeri showing very little genetic erosion (12.46%) of culture in As concentrations as high as 1,600 mg/L, whereas 82.54% genetic erosion occurred in the Rhodococcus sp., suggesting that Rhodococcus sp. would not survive at this level of genetic erosion. Therefore, B. reuszeri has a high efficiency and can be used for soil As treatment, as it is capable to tolerate a concentration of 0.72 mg/kg and as high as 1,600 mg/L in NA.

Download Full-text

Metagenomic Analysis for Evaluating Change in Bacterial Diversity in TPH-Contaminated Soil after Soil Remediation

Toxics ◽

10.3390/toxics9120319 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 319

Author(s):

Jin-Wook Kim ◽

Young-Kyu Hong ◽

Hyuck-Soo Kim ◽

Eun-Ji Oh ◽

Yong-Ha Park ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Remediation ◽

Contaminated Soil ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Soil Bacteria ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Soil Washing ◽

Alpha Diversity ◽

Metagenomic Analysis ◽

Degrading Bacteria ◽

The Impact

Soil washing and landfarming processes are widely used to remediate total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH)-contaminated soil, but the impact of these processes on soil bacteria is not well understood. Four different states of soil (uncontaminated soil (control), TPH-contaminated soil (CS), after soil washing (SW), and landfarming (LF)) were collected from a soil remediation facility to investigate the impact of TPH and soil remediation processes on soil bacterial populations by metagenomic analysis. Results showed that TPH contamination reduced the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) number and alpha diversity of soil bacteria. Compared to SW and LF remediation techniques, LF increased more bacterial richness and diversity than SW, indicating that LF is a more effective technique for TPH remediation in terms of microbial recovery. Among different bacterial species, Proteobacteria were the most abundant in all soil groups followed by Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Firmicutes. For each soil group, the distribution pattern of the Proteobacteria class was different. The most abundant classed were Alphaproteobacteria (16.56%) in uncontaminated soils, Deltaproteobacteria (34%) in TPH-contaminated soils, Betaproteobacteria (24%) in soil washing, and Gammaproteobacteria (24%) in landfarming, respectively. TPH-degrading bacteria were detected from soil washing (23%) and TPH-contaminated soils (21%) and decreased to 12% in landfarming soil. These results suggest that soil pollution can change the diversity of microbial groups and different remediation techniques have varied effective ranges for recovering bacterial communities and diversity. In conclusion, the landfarming process of TPH remediation is more advantageous than soil washing from the perspective of bacterial ecology.

Download Full-text

Bio-perceptions of Hydro carbon contaminated soil and its Bioremediation effect with Biological Consortia”

Journal La Lifesci ◽

10.37899/journallalifesci.v1i3.121 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 15-24

Author(s):

Aswathy Chandran ◽

Dr.S.Sujatha Jeyapaul

Keyword(s):

Contaminated Soil ◽

Bacterial Strain ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Research Work ◽

Antagonistic Activity ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Bacillus Sp ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Experimental Soil

The present research work has clearly denoted as initially estimation of physic-chemical properties of the experimental hydrocarbon contaminated soil. The texture of the soil plays a very important role in microbial and plant species establishment and development and also influences physical parameters of the soil. The current results are clearly showed experimental soil of the hydrocarbon contaminated soil possessed totally eight different autochthonus bacterial strains were provably identified viz., Acinetobacter, Mycobacterium sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., and Aeromonas sp., observed by Bergy’s Manual. When this experimental soil was remediated with two biological sources such as four allothonus bacterial strains named as Enterobacter sp., Flavobacter sp., Shigella sp., and Bacillus sp., along with agronomic wastes also addition with neem juice. From the present result showed that Enterobacter sp., subjected polluted soil was remediated maximum than other treated sources assessed by spectrometric data. While, the biofilm formation experiment also been definitely expressed biodegradation potential enriched allothonus bacterial strain was the following order Enterobacter sp., Flavobacter sp., Shigella sp., and Bacillus sp.,. Moreover, other interesting finding also had been profounded such as dominant Antagonistic activity potential possessed autochthonus bacterial strain from the hydrocarbon contaminated soil. It has been identified through the molecular identification those typical organism expressed the named as ‘’Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA96’’by 16sr RNA sequence analysis. Additionaly maximum and maximum antagonistic activity has been noticed on E.coli, more or less similar zone of inhibition showed on other bacterial species of Shijella sp., and K. pneumonia. Moreover, HPLC results were almost elucidated fractions of hydrocarbon compounds thoroughly replied total illustrated chemical compounds are gradually minimized, when the heavy contaminated soils subjected with other bacterial sources along with various agronomic wastes. It has been significantly reduced the spectrum of the total hydrocarbon derivatives when it compared with before treatment of the contaminated soils. Therefore, these allothonous bacterial organism Enterobacter sp., strains could be considered for future use for bioremediation of oil contaminated land. However, further studies are needed to evaluate the potential of the isolated strains to degrade hydrocarbons in situ, in natural environmental conditions. This could be equally applicable for any allothonously present or other bacterial strains ubiquitously available in nature, and the technology could be further developed for targeting of any pollutants present on earth creating enormous environmental and health hazards.

Download Full-text

Use of Endophytic and Rhizosphere Bacteria To Improve Phytoremediation of Arsenic-Contaminated Industrial Soils by Autochthonous Betula celtiberica

Applied and Environmental Microbiology ◽

10.1128/aem.03411-16 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Victoria Mesa ◽

Alejandro Navazas ◽

Ricardo González-Gil ◽

Aida González ◽

Nele Weyens ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Contaminated Soils ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Bacterial Species ◽

Field Application ◽

Contaminated Site ◽

Arsenic Content ◽

Content Type ◽

Arsenic Uptake

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of indigenous arsenic-tolerant bacteria to enhance arsenic phytoremediation by the autochthonous pseudometallophyte Betula celtiberica. The first goal was to perform an initial analysis of the entire rhizosphere and endophytic bacterial communities of the above-named accumulator plant, including the cultivable bacterial species. B. celtiberica's microbiome was dominated by taxa related to Flavobacteriales, Burkholderiales, and Pseudomonadales, especially the Pseudomonas and Flavobacterium genera. A total of 54 cultivable rhizobacteria and 41 root endophytes, mainly affiliated with the phyla Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Actinobacteria, were isolated and characterized with respect to several potentially useful features for metal plant accumulation, such as the ability to promote plant growth, metal chelation, and/or mitigation of heavy-metal stress. Seven bacterial isolates were further selected and tested for in vitro accumulation of arsenic in plants; four of them were finally assayed in field-scale bioaugmentation experiments. The exposure to arsenic in vitro caused an increase in the total nonprotein thiol compound content in roots, suggesting a detoxification mechanism through phytochelatin complexation. In the contaminated field, the siderophore and indole-3-acetic acid producers of the endophytic bacterial consortium enhanced arsenic accumulation in the leaves and roots of Betula celtiberica, whereas the rhizosphere isolate Ensifer adhaerens strain 91R mainly promoted plant growth. Field experimentation showed that additional factors, such as soil arsenic content and pH, influenced arsenic uptake in the plant, attesting to the relevance of field conditions in the success of phytoextraction strategies. IMPORTANCE Microorganisms and plants have developed several ways of dealing with arsenic, allowing them to resist and metabolize this metalloid. These properties form the basis of phytoremediation treatments and the understanding that the interactions of plants with soil bacteria are crucial for the optimization of arsenic uptake. To address this in our work, we initially performed a microbiome analysis of the autochthonous Betula celtiberica plants growing in arsenic-contaminated soils, including endosphere and rhizosphere bacterial communities. We then proceeded to isolate and characterize the cultivable bacteria that were potentially better suited to enhance phytoextraction efficiency. Eventually, we went to the field application stage. Our results corroborated the idea that recovery of pseudometallophyte-associated bacteria adapted to a large historically contaminated site and their use in bioaugmentation technologies are affordable experimental approaches and potentially very useful for implementing effective phytoremediation strategies with plants and their indigenous bacteria.

Download Full-text