scholarly journals COMPREHENSIVE STUDY ON ASTHISANKHYA SHAREERA IN RELATION TO ANATOMY

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4801-4805
Author(s):  
Geethu Arumughan ◽  
Swapna Kumary
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Organic Matrix ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
Human Anatomy ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Acharya Sushruta explained that the organs of the body destroy after death except Asthi. Importance of Asthi & Sandhi is explained that it supports the human body just as trees are supported by the middle core Sara present inside the trunk. Knowledge of Asthi can be traced back from the Vedas passing chronologi-cally down to Samhitas. Bones are the hard-connective tissue forming the substance of the skeleton of most vertebrates, composed of a collagen rich organic matrix impregnated with calcium, phosphate, and other minerals. Bones protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store minerals, provide structure and support for the body and enable mobility. Importance of knowledge of Shareera Sankhya is given in our Samhitas. It explained that the clinician who has knowledge about hu-man body with its all parts with their enumeration never gets distracted. There is different opinion regarding the number of Asthi in different Samhitas. According to Acharya Charaka and Vagbhata 360 bones are present in Shareera. 300 bones are present in the Shareera according to Sushruta. The adult human body has 206 bones as per modern anatomy. Here is an attempt to compare the Acharyas’s view of Asthi San-khya Shareera with the modern human anatomy.

scholarly journals BIOLOGICAL AGE AS A METHOD FOR ESTIMATING HEALTH LEVEL UNDER ENVIRONMENTAL RISKS (LITERATURE REVIEW)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. 761-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. I. Prokhorov ◽  
V. I. Dontsov ◽  
Vyacheslav N. Krutko ◽  
T. M. Khodykina
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Quantitative Assessment ◽  
Modern Human ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Age ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Biomarkers Of Aging ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Definition Of

The widespread formation of unfavorable environmental, the swiftness of modern life with large information and psycho-emotional loads and extremely natural and climatic cataclysms, as well as harmful addictions and wrong way of life of modern human, lead to the development of stress and disruption of the mechanisms of adaptation of the human body and its accelerated wear. This stimulates the development of research on the creation of new methods of integrated assessment of health and quantitative assessment of the aging processes of the body systems and the whole body, as well as the possibilities of new methods of risk assessment of climatic and environmentally related pathological and age-related diseases. The aim of the work was to consider the methodology of quantitative assessment of individual health and the rate of aging of the human body on the basis of the system index of Biological age (BA); description of its essence and structure, requirements for tests - biomarkers of aging used as the index of BA, definition of possibilities and scope of application of the BA method in modern practice of Biomedicine. The use of modern methods of scientific analysis - a systematic approach to the analysis of the processes of human aging and determine its quantitative side - the value of BA, allows a reasonable approach to the choice of the number of BM, to take into account their information content and precision, and the cost of diagnostics and availability for different users, to take into account the specific objectives of the researcher. The use of the index-partial BA allows individual approaching the choice of biomarkers and create personalized panels for the definition of BA programs for the prevention of aging in personalized preventive medicine. The complexity of the content and calculation of indices of BA requires automation and the use of methods of modern computer science and computer calculations and programs. For this purpose, we have created special computer software for diagnosing aging by calculating the BA indices with the possibility of choosing BM and automatic calculation of indicators and conclusions.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF ZINC ELEMENT AND DEXAMETHASONE ON SOME HEMATOLOGICAL BIOCHEMICAL TESTS IN RABBITS MALE

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. S. Dheyab
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Collection ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Histological Changes ◽  
Spleen Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Short Time

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of zinc in dose 15mg/kg.bw daily  taken by the mouth and dexamethasone 4mgIkg.Bw by injection for 30days on some hematological biochemical tests and some histological changes of liver spleen in male rabbits. Thirty rabbits were used that divided into 3 randomized groups (each group contain 10 male rabbits ). Control group was taken normal food and water, Zinc group that gave zinc at dose of 15mg/kg.BW/daily/oral on 1, 2, 3, 4 weeks. Dexamethasone with zinc group : Employ dexamethasone 4mg/Kg.Bw . I.M dialy for 1 and 2 weeks for experiment and at  3, 4th weeks they gave zn 15mg/lKg.Bw day/orally. Blood samples were taken from the heart directly in 2 and 4weeks to examine packed cell volume (pcv), white blood cells (WBCs), Red blood cells (RBCs) with differential Leuckcyte count.separation blood collection to plasma and examine glucose mg/dl , cholesterol mg/dl. In histological tests, rabbits were killed and separate their organs tissue from the body to examine liver and spleen. The results revealed  a decrease in level of RBCs, pcv after treatment with zinc 15, mg/Kg.Bw orally (zinc group) and increase in WBCs with differential leuckocyte count specially neutrophil cell, while biochemical tests show increase in glucose and cholesterol levels after treatment with dexamethasone 4mglkgBw. I/M seen increase in counts of RBCs , PCV, WBCs and differential lenkocyte count and decrease in glucose with cholesterol parameters, histological changes show change in liver after treatment by dexamethasone 4mglKg.Bw ,spleen tissue seen necrosis and pigmentation with hemorrhage after take dexamethasone 4mglkg in (dexamethasone + zinc group). Results also showed that zinc enhanced the immune system in at normal dose for limited time  because of its effect on other mineral such as copper and causes anemia , while the dexamethasone is a drug used for antianflammatory but for a short time.                                                                                                                           

scholarly journals Anthrax Toxin Characterization

2002 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiří Patočka ◽  
Miroslav Špliňo
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Protective Antigen ◽  
Lethal Factor ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Anthrax Toxin ◽  
Signaling System ◽  
Animal Cells ◽  
The Third ◽  
Edema Factor

The anthrax toxin comprises three proteins. When they work together, they can kill humans, especially after spores of the bacteria have been inhaled. One anthrax protein, called protective antigen (PA), chaperones the two other toxins into human or animal cells and shields them from the body’s immune system. The second, lethal factor (LF), destroys the white blood cells that hosts send in defence. The third toxin molecule, edema factor (EF), hijacks the signaling system in the body. This disrupts the energy balance of cells and leads to them accumulating fluid and complete destroy of cells.

scholarly journals Effects of Inclusion of Different Doses of Persicaria odorata Leaf Meal (POLM) in Broiler Chicken Feed on Biochemical and Haematological Blood Indicators and Liver Histomorphological Changes

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Abdul Basit ◽  
Arifah Abdul Kadir ◽  
Teck Loh ◽  
Saleha Abdul Aziz ◽  
Annas Salleh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
The Body ◽  
Leaf Meal ◽  
Serum Activity ◽  
Haematological Indices

This research was conducted to estimate the effects of Persicaria odorata leaf meal (POLM) on haematological indices, serum biochemical attributes, and internal organs parameters, including histomorphological features of the liver, in broiler chickens. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly allocated into four experimental groups. The dietary treatments were basal diet (BD), which served as the control (C), along with BD + 2 g/kg POLM (Po2), BD + 4 g/kg POLM (Po4), BD + 8 g/kg POLM (Po8), which were the supplemented groups. The body weight gain (BWG) showed a linear increase and feed conversion ratio (FCR) showed a linear decrease with increasing POLM dosage at day 42 (p ˂ 0.05) and for the overall growth performance period (p ˂ 0.01). On day 21 and day 42, the values of red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs), haemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) showed linear increases (p ˂0.05) as the dosage of POLM increased in the diet. On day 21, dietary supplementation of POLM linearly decreased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), and serum levels of urea and creatinine. On the other hand, serum levels of total protein (TP), albumin, and globulin showed a linear increase (p ˂ 0.05) as the POLM dosage increased. On day 42, the serum activity of AST and ALT and serum levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, and creatinine showed linear decreases (p ˂ 0.05) with increased levels of POLM in the diet. However, POLM supplementation linearly increased (p ˂ 0.05) the serum levels of TP and globulin. Dietary inclusion of POLM did not influence the organ parameters and showed no adverse effects on the liver histomorphology. In conclusion, supplementation of POLM increased the growth performance, improving haematological indices and serum biochemistry profiles of broiler chickens without any deleterious effects on the liver histomorphology. The results of the present study provide evidence that POLM can be safely used at a dose rate of 8 g/kg of feed as an alternative to conventional antimicrobial growth promoters (AGPs).

Associations between white blood cells count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1019
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Ghannadiasl
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Apparently Healthy

Purpose The elevated white blood cells (WBCs) count has been reported to be a predictor of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension and metabolic syndrome. This study aims to determine the associations between WBCs count and obesity in apparently healthy young adults. Design/methodology/approach In this cross-sectional study, the authors evaluated the body mass index (BMI) in 392 apparently healthy young adults of both sexes. The WBCs count was measured using standard counter techniques. The inclusion criteria were the agreement to participate in the study, between 18 and 25 years of age, lack of self-reported diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, kidney and infectious diseases. Findings According to the BMI classification, underweight and overweight or obesity were observed in 14.58 and 11.48 per cent of young adults, respectively. The mean WBC was 6.5 ± 1.5 (×10³ cells/µL). Higher values of WBCs were found in women than in men (p = 0.02). The young adults with higher BMI had a higher WBCs count. There was a positive correlation between WBCs count and weight and BMI (r = 0.19 and r = 0.22, p < 0.001, respectively). Research limitations/implications This research was a cross-sectional study. Future studies are suggested using longitudinal studies to examine more relationships between obesity and WBCs count in apparently healthy young adults. Practical implications The results of this study provide evidence for weight management in this age group to reduce diseases associated with increased WBCs count. Originality/value The WBCs count was related to increasing levels of BMI per cent 2 C even in the normal range.

scholarly journals Quantification and three-dimensional microanatomical organization of the bone marrow

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cesar Nombela-Arrieta ◽  
Markus G. Manz
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cellular Composition ◽  
Spatial Logic ◽  
Health And Disease

Abstract Bone marrow (BM) constitutes one of the largest organs in mice and humans, continuously generating, in a highly regulated manner, red blood cells, platelets, and white blood cells that together form the majority of cells of the body. In this review, we provide a quantitative overview of BM cellular composition, we summarize emerging knowledge on its structural organization and cellular niches, and we argue for the need of multidimensional approaches such as recently developed imaging techniques to uncover the complex spatial logic that underlies BM function in health and disease.

Non-specific protection of the body of la-boratory rats under the influence of experimental hypoxia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 116-123
Author(s):  
F.I. Alistratova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Urgent Problem ◽  
Adaptive Capabilities ◽  
First Case ◽  
Group A ◽  
Adaptive Reactions

To date, the search for the most informa-tive and simple methods for diagnose of adaptive capabilities is an urgent problem of veterinary medicine and adaptive physiolo-gy. The direction of the animal body's re-sponse to the hypoxic factor has not been sufficiently studied. Objective: the analyze of the dynamics of changes of the main indi-cators in the leukogram under the influence of hypoxia, as well as the study of the role of leukocyte, indices the analysis of the level of resistance in rats. The animals were divided into two groups: in the first case, the animals were injected with cytoflavin at a dose of 135 mg/kg before the hypoxia ses-sion, and in the second case, saline was ad-ministered at an equivalent dose. The blood test was performed on a hematological auto-matic analyzer, and the clinical parameters of peripheral blood were determined. Mathe-matically, the leukogram was used to deter-mine: the white blood cell shift index (ISLC), the lymphocyte-monocyte ratio in-dex (ISLM), and the lymphocyte-granulocyte index (ILG). The results of the study showed that the course of hypoxia contributes to a number of changes in the blood composition, for 21 days. There was an increase in the number of white blood cells in both groups, a change in the parame-ters of the leukocyte formula-a decrease in the content of lymphocytes, with a simulta-neous increase in the proportion of mono-cytes. The use of interval hypoxia caused a decrease in the content of red blood cells in animals of the first group, a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin and hematocrit in both groups studied. The number of plate-lets increased, which also indicates the start of adaptive reactions in the body of rats. The use of leukocyte indices is the assess to the level of resistance of the body and showed their high significance and informa-tive value in modeling experimental hypoxia.

scholarly journals ON THE RELATION OF THE CATALYTIC ACTIVITY OF THE BLOOD TO THE NUMBER OF RED BLOOD CELLS IN HEALTH, AND TO THE NUMBER OF WHITE BLOOD CELLS AND THE BODY TEMPERATURE IN PERITONITIS

1910 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Winternitz ◽  
J. P. Pratt
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Red Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Blood Count ◽  
Corpus Striatum ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
White Blood Count ◽  
Large Animals

The catalytic activity of the blood of normal rabbits varies almost directly with the volume and number of red blood cells. This explains to a certain extent at least why animals of the same general degree of nutrition, and of the same litter, should have about the same activity since they are likely to have the same number of red blood cells, and why healthy large animals should read high while small poorly nourished ones should read low. Accompanying the hyperpyrexia resulting from puncture of the corpus striatum of a rabbit's brain, there is no change in either the catalytic activity of the blood or the white blood count. In experimentally produced peritonitis, the catalytic activity of the blood always rises, and is, therefore, absolutely independent of body temperature and white blood cells since one or both of these may rise, fall or remain stationary while the catalytic action increases.

scholarly journals Hyper Eosinophilia and Dementia

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-01
Author(s):  
Paul Cusack
Keyword(s):  
Blood Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Cells ◽  
Herpes Virus ◽  
Latent Infection ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Nerve Cells ◽  
The Body ◽  
Brain Barrier ◽  
Blood Brain ◽  
Herpès Virus

In this brief paper, we consider how the Herpes Virus could possibly be the culprit when the body responds to a latent infection causing dementia. The over production of white blood cells passing through he Blood-Brain- Barrier leads to death of nerve cells. This is the path toward dementia.

scholarly journals The relationship of obesity and inflammatory intestinal reactions

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-41
Author(s):  
A. Plyska ◽  
O. Dobrostan ◽  
V. Lazoryshynets ◽  
A. Tivonchuk ◽  
L. Taran
Keyword(s):  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Membrane ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltration

Researched biopsy of the small intestine in control person (derived from the injuries of the small intestine) and in the conditions Islands surgical treatment of morbid obesity. In pathological obesity, compared with normal weight, a decrease in villus height, increasing their thickness and deformation. Was noted increase in connective tissue, expand and overflow blood vessels, changes in muscle membrane; also found changing spectrum of white blood cells in the lamina propria of the mucous membrane of the small intestine, increase the relative number of T-lymphocytes and reduction – B-lymphocytes, a significant increase in the number of cells macrophage number and the number of T-helper cells, and more than twice the reduction in the number of T-suppressors. The data is morphological confirmation of negative changes in morbid obesity. That is, the general tendency to enhance inflammatory responses in the body has its manifestations in the small intestine. Thus, the development of pathological obesity accompanied by the development of inflammatory infiltration and connective tissue changes in the state framework and muscular elements in the wall of the small intestine, which in turn is likely to cause breach of the regulation of secretion, absorption and motility of the small intestine.

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