scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF RASA PANCHAKA (5 AYURVEDIC PRINCIPLES OF DRUG ACTION) OF A FOLK DRUG - Alstonia venenata R. Br.

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4125-4132
Author(s):  
Anusha P R ◽  
Chandrakanth Bhat ◽  
Hariprasad Shetty ◽  
Sudhakar Bhat
Keyword(s):  
Stem Bark ◽  
Drug Action ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Test Drug ◽  
Herbal Drug ◽  
Small Tree ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Snake Bites ◽  
Trial Drug

Background and Objective: Systematic study of the folklore knowledge on herbal drug contributes to its conservation and preservation. Documentation of drugs in Ayurveda is based on the five principles called Rasa Panchaka (5 Ayurvedic principles of drug action). Alstonia venenata R. Br is a small tree belonging to Apocynaceae family. Its stem bark is used by tribes in fever, epilepsy and as anti-venom in snake bites. The aim of this study is to determine the Rasa Panchaka (5 Ayurvedic principles of drug action) of Al-stonia venenata R. Br. Methods: Detailed review of the trial drug was carried out. Rasa (taste) was determined by using direct per-ception method on 30 healthy volunteers. Veerya (potency) was determined by assessing the exothermic and endothermic reaction of the drug in water. Vipaka (taste after digestion), Guna (properties) and Prab-hava (specific action) were assessed by experimental study of the drug on 12 Wister Albino rats. Result and Conclusion: After the study Rasa panchaka (5 Ayurvedic principles of drug action) of the test drug was accessed as Tikta (bitter) Rasa (taste), Laghu (light) Rooksha (dry) Guna (property), Sheetha (cold) Veerya (potency)and Katu (pungent) Vipaka (taste after digestion).

Novel Technologıes and Nanotoxıcology of Medıcal Implants

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramazan Akçan ◽  
Halit Canberk Aydogan ◽  
Mahmut Şerif Yıldırım ◽  
Burak Taştekin ◽  
Necdet Sağlam
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Diagnostic Procedures ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Healthcare Applications ◽  
Detailed Review ◽  
Novel Technologies ◽  
Technological Developments

Background/aim: Use of nanomaterials in the healthcare applications increases in parallel to technological developments. It is frequently utilized in diagnostic procedures, medications and in therapeutic implementations. Nanomaterials take place among key components of medical implants, which might be responsible for certain toxic effects on human health at nano-level. In this review, nanotoxicological effects, toxicity determination of nanobiomaterials used in human body and their effects on human health are discussed. Material and Method: A detailed review of related literature was performed and evaluated as per nanomaterials and medical implants. Results and Conclusion: The nanotoxic effects of the materials applied to human body and the determination of its toxicity are important. Determination of toxicity for each nanomaterial requires a detailed and multifactorial assessment considering the properties of these materials. There are limited studies in the literature regarding the toxic effects of nanomaterials used in medical implants. Although these implants are potentially biocompatible and biodegradable, it is highly important to discuss nanotoxicological characteristics of medical implant.

scholarly journals Isolation and structure elucidation of anti-malarial principles from Terminalia mantaly H. Perrier stem bark

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-292
Author(s):  
Babatunde Samuel ◽  
Yemi Adekola Adekunle
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Solvent System ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
P Value ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
1H And 13C Nmr ◽  
Malaria Therapy ◽  
Student’S T

Emergence of malaria parasite resistance to drugs has raised global public health concerns for a compelling need to develop improved malaria therapy. This study is a bio-guided isolation of triterpenoid antimalarial compounds from Terminalia mantaly. Methanol extract of the plant was subjected to column chromatography, and eluted with a ternary solvent system gradient-wise. Two compounds, 1 and 2, were isolated and characterised by spectroscopic data (IR, 1H and 13C NMR, COSY, HMQC, HMBC) and by comparison with literature. Isolated compounds were investigated for antimalarial property by spectrophotometric determination of inhibition of β-Hematin formation, absorbance taken at 405 nm. Results were analysed using Graghpad Prism® (6.0) and presented as mean IC50±SEM. Statistical significance, determined using Student’s t-test and one-way ANOVA, set at p-value of 0.05. Quantitative β-Hematin formation inhibitory activities gave IC50±SEM values of (compound 1; 4.434±0.47), (compound 2; 5.140±4.2) with (chloroquine; 0.335±0.1 mg/ml). Compound 1 was identified as 2,3,19,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid glucopyranoside (arjunglucoside I), and compound2 as its aglycone, 2,3,19,23-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid (arjungenin). This study provided credence for folkloric use of Terminalia mantaly to treat malaria, and this observed activity was probably due to these isolated triterpenoids.Keywords: β-Hematin, triterpenoids, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

scholarly journals Effects of Fertilization on Biomass and Macronutrient Content of Eucalyptus urophylla S.T. Blake in Arenized Soil of Pampa Biome

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Huan Pablo de Souza ◽  
Mauro Valdir Schumacher ◽  
Aline Aparecida Ludvichak ◽  
Dione Richer Momolli ◽  
Claudiney Do Couto Guimarães ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Eucalyptus Urophylla ◽  
Stem Wood ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Pampa Biome ◽  
Biomass Determination ◽  
To Receive

The objective of this study was to quantify the biomass and the macronutrient stock in an experiment of fertilization with Eucalyptus urophylla, planted in arenized soil at 12 months-old, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The experiment had a completely randomized design with five treatments (T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5) with three replications. The treatments T2, T3, T4 and T5, received increasing doses of triple superphosphate. On the other hand, the T1 treatment was the only one to receive natural phosphate in planting. For the determination of the biomass, fifteen trees were felled and separated in the following components: leaves, branches, stem bark, stem wood and roots. Samples of the components were collected and transported to the laboratory for biomass determination and chemical analysis. The total biomass varied between the treatments, with highest biomass accumulation of 6.83 Mg ha-1 occurring in T5. The T1 presented the highest biomass for roots representing 33.4% of the total biomass. The biomass distribution among the different components in the decreasing order was: roots > stem wood > leaves > branches > stem bark, for all the treatments. The treatment with higher doses of fertilizers (T5) presented the highest amount of nutrient accumulation in the total biomass (131.26 kg ha-1). The concentration and accumulation of nutrients presented the following trend K > N > Ca > Mg > P > S. Analyzing the different components of biomass, the highest amounts of nutrients followed the order: leaves > roots > stem wood > branches > stem bark. Fertilization influenced the biomass production of E. urophylla in arenized soil in the Pampa biome, but without significant differences to date (12 months). The leaves had the highest concentration of macronutrients, with the exception of Ca, which was higher in the bark. The K was the element that presented highest accumulation in whole tree. The plantation of eucalyptus with fertilization management may be an alternative for the economic use of arenized soil.

scholarly journals In vivo and In vitro Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous and Ethanol Stem Bark Extracts of Vitex doniana on Doxorubicin-induced Oxidative Stress in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 44-55
Author(s):  
Mohammed Aliyu Sulaiman ◽  
Daniel Dahiru ◽  
Mohammed Auwal Ibrahim ◽  
Ahmed Ibrahim Hayatu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Oral Treatment ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Associated Diseases ◽  
Vitex Doniana

Background: Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of hypertension, myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, muscular dystrophy, aging and other associated diseases. Vitex doniana is used in Adamawa, northern Nigeria to treat oxidative stress associated diseases. However, the antioxidative effects of the plant have not been scientifically examined in oxidative stress experimental animal models. The aim of this study is to investigate the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts of Vitex doniana in oxidative stress model of rats. Methods: The study used 35 adult albino rats weighing 175 ± 25 g, of which 30 were induced with oxidative stress by intraperitoneal injection of doxorubicin (10 mg/kg) for three consecutive days. Animals were treated by oral administration of silymarin (100 mg/kg) and Vitex doniana aqueous or ethanol extract (100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg) for 14 consecutive days before they were sacrificed on the 15th day and blood was analyzed for biochemical indices of oxidative stress. Results: The results of the phytochemistry showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids, phenols, saponins, terpenoids, glycosides: and total flavonoids (52.70 ± 1.60 mg/ml and 75.40 ± 0.80 mg/ml), total phenols (21.45 ± 1.54 mg/ml and 26.50 ± 1.22 mg/ml) for aqueous and ethanol stem bark extracts respectively. The extracts scavenged DPPH radical, reduced Fe3+ and inhibited lipid peroxidation. Doxorubicin significantly (p<0.05) lowered the levels of SOD, CAT, GR and TAS and significantly (p<0.05) but, increased the level of LPO. Oral treatment with Vitex doniana extracts significantly (p<0.05) increased the activities of CAT, GR, SOD and TAS while LPO was significantly (p<0.05) lowered. Vitex doniana stem bark extracts significantly (p<0.05) improved the biochemical derangements observed in the induced untreated animals in comparable manner to that of Silymarin. Conclusion: The present study provides the scientific rationale for the use of Vitex doniana stem bark in traditional medicine and has a viable antioxidative capacity both in vitro and in vivo.

scholarly journals Antibacterial, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Potential of the Different Extracts of Holoptelia Integrifolia

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 5234-5240
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Nitric Oxide Radical ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Wistar Albino Rats

Medicinal plants are play significant impact in the personal medicine for most of the people all over the world as an alternative live saving medicines and most of their medicinal properties are well known for anticancer activity. The different extracts of Holoptelea integrifolia (H.integrifolia) leaves, stem bark and fruits were studied as a potent natural source of antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing potential. This work was carried out to evaluate antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of H.integrifolia. The antimicrobial activity of the H.integrifolia ethanolic extract was studied against five fungal and bacterial strains by utilizing the agar well diffusion method and MIC. Among several strain, the ethanolic extract of fruit has shown higher antimicrobial inhibition zone as 9.25-16 mm compare to other two extracts of stem and leaves as 10- 13.25 mm and 6-10.2 mm respectively. The antioxidant activities for different extract were also determined by DPPH free radical assay, Hydroxyl Radical Scavenging and Nitric Oxide Radical Scavenging Activity method. The anti-inflammatory activity also estimated basedon formalin induced paw edema method on Wistar albino rats. The different extracts of leaves, stem bark and fruit parts of Holoptelea integrifolia were estimated for in vivo anti-inflammatory activity against the animal model of female Wistar albino rats. The results of anti-inflammatory activity revealed that the Ethanol extracts showed vital and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory effects. Our findings revealed that aerial parts of H.integrifolia contais potential antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory compounds, which expose the medicinal potential of the selected plant could be a significant drug candidates against microbial, oxidative and inflammation-related pathological processes as a future alternative medicine.

Pharmacognostic Studies of the Stem Bark of Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
TL Ohemu ◽  
A Agunu ◽  
DG Dafam ◽  
PN Olotu
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Calcium Oxalate ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Antiulcer Agents ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Wall Materials ◽  
Cell Wall Materials

Enantia chlorantha Oliver (Annonaceae) is commonly known as African yellow wood used as hepatoprotective, antiviral, antimalarial, antibacterial and antiulcer agents. The study was aimed to investigate the pharmacognostic and physiochemical parameters of E. chlorantha stem bark. The macroscopy, microscopy and chemomicroscopy of E. chlorantha were carried out using standard methods. Cell wall materials, cell inclusions and other diagnostic characters, which can aid in the easy and proper identification of the plant, were identified. The microscopic studies revealed the presence of sclereids, fibres, medullary ray, and calcium oxalate prisms. The physiochemical evaluation of was done, in order to ascertain quality and purity. This study provides additional useful information needed for determination of its identity and quality that can be added as enrichment of the pharmacopoeia of the plant.Keywords: Pharmacognostic, Stem Bark, Enantia chlorantha

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