scholarly journals IMPORTANCE OF ASHTAVIDHA PARIKSHA – AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1000-1006
Author(s):  
Bhoomika Patel ◽  
Sanjay Srivastava

For effective management of disease, diagnosis and prognosis are two important aspects. Clinical examination is an important tool for assessment of disease as well as condition of patient. Different types of examination depicted in Ayurveda among that Ashtavidha Pariksha viz. Nadi (Pulse), Mootra (Urine), Mala (Faeces), Jihwa (Tongue), Shabda (Speech), Sparsha (Touch), Drika (Eyes) and Akriti (Posture) an effective tool for clinical examination of patient, which was routinely used by traditional Ayurvedic practitioner, but is missing in present era. In this paper, the clinical utility of Ashtavidha Pariksha is discussed which will be helpful for scholars to use it as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool in their clinical practice. Keywords: Ashtasthana Pariksha, Ayurveda, Examination, Diagnosis, Prognosis.

1993 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarman Singh ◽  
Niti Singh ◽  
M G Karmarkar

The measurement of protein concentration in serum and other body fluids can be helpful in disease diagnosis and prognosis. It is commonly helpful to know whether a collection of fluid is transudate or exudate. The specific gravity of fluids, including urine, can also be a useful diagnostic tool. The estimation of protein concentration is usually possible only in hospitals where costly chemistry analysers are available. Specific gravity can be measured by standard methods only if large volumes of fluid are available: it is often not possible to measure the specific gravity of cerebrospinal, pleural, pericardial, or pancreatic fluids, or of urine if the volume is less than 50 μl. Recently, we have obtained a small and very handy device by which one can measure both the specific gravity of fluids in small volumes and also their protein content. The method is based on the refraction of light. Both purchase and running costs are very low by comparison with standard laboratory techniques. We describe the use of this instrument and compare its performance with other available methods.


mBio ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baochen Shi ◽  
Michaela Chang ◽  
John Martin ◽  
Makedonka Mitreva ◽  
Renate Lux ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThe human microbiome influences and reflects the health or disease state of the host. Periodontitis, a disease affecting about half of American adults, is associated with alterations in the subgingival microbiome of individual tooth sites. Although it can be treated, the disease can reoccur and may progress without symptoms. Without prognostic markers, follow-up examinations are required to assess reoccurrence and disease progression and to determine the need for additional treatments. To better identify and predict the disease progression, we aim to determine whether the subgingival microbiome can serve as a diagnosis and prognosis indicator. Using metagenomic shotgun sequencing, we characterized the dynamic changes in the subgingival microbiome in periodontitis patients before and after treatment at the same tooth sites. At the taxonomic composition level, the periodontitis-associated microorganisms were significantly shifted from highly correlated in the diseased state to poorly correlated after treatment, suggesting that coordinated interactions among the pathogenic microorganisms are essential to disease pathogenesis. At the functional level, we identified disease-associated pathways that were significantly altered in relative abundance in the two states. Furthermore, using the subgingival microbiome profile, we were able to classify the samples to their clinical states with an accuracy of 81.1%. Follow-up clinical examination of the sampled sites supported the predictive power of the microbiome profile on disease progression. Our study revealed the dynamic changes in the subgingival microbiome contributing to periodontitis and suggested potential clinical applications of monitoring the subgingival microbiome as an indicator in disease diagnosis and prognosis.IMPORTANCEPeriodontitis is a common oral disease. Although it can be treated, the disease may reoccur without obvious symptoms. Current clinical examination parameters are useful in disease diagnosis but cannot adequately predict the outcome of individual tooth sites after treatment. A link between the subgingival microbiota and periodontitis was identified previously; however, it remains to be investigated whether the microbiome can serve as a diagnostic and prognostic indicator. In this study, for the first time, we characterized the subgingival microbiome of individual tooth sites before and after treatment using a large-scale metagenomic analysis. Our longitudinal study revealed changes in the microbiota in taxonomic composition, cooccurrence of subgingival microorganisms, and functional composition. Using the microbiome profiles, we were able to classify the clinical states of subgingival plaque samples with a high accuracy. Follow-up clinical examination of sampled sites indicates that the subgingival microbiome profile shows promise for the development of diagnostic and prognostic tools.


2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Jang ◽  
John C. Greenwood ◽  
Meghan B. Spyres ◽  
David M. Eckmann

Metabolic biomarkers have potentially wider use in disease diagnosis and prognosis as well as in monitoring disease response to treatment. While biomarkers such as interleukins, microRNA, and lactate have been proposed for disease surveillance, there are still conflicting results regarding their clinical utility. Treatment of commonly encountered disease of acute care such as sepsis, trauma, and poisoning often relies on clinical diagnosis and therapy guided by use of surrogate markers of illness severity. The measurement of mitochondrial function, including respiration and motility, may offer superior alternatives to such markers. Assessing mitochondrial function in a clinical context has the potential to impact the area of acute care in terms of diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. The study of mitochondrial bioenergetics has become critical in understanding the pathophysiology and treatment of complex diseases such as diabetes and cardiovascular disorders.


2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 2295-2305
Author(s):  
Jiawei Zhang ◽  
Dandan Li ◽  
Rui Zhang ◽  
Peng Gao ◽  
Rongxue Peng ◽  
...  

The role of miR-21 in the pathogenesis of various liver diseases, together with the possibility of detecting microRNA in the circulation, makes miR-21 a potential biomarker for noninvasive detection. In this review, we summarize the potential utility of extracellular miR-21 in the clinical management of hepatic disease patients and compared it with the current clinical practice. MiR-21 shows screening and prognostic value for liver cancer. In liver cirrhosis, miR-21 may serve as a biomarker for the differentiating diagnosis and prognosis. MiR-21 is also a potential biomarker for the severity of hepatitis. We elucidate the disease condition under which miR-21 testing can reach the expected performance. Though miR-21 is a key regulator of liver diseases, microRNAs coordinate with each other in the complex regulatory network. As a result, the performance of miR-21 is better when combined with other microRNAs or classical biomarkers under certain clinical circumstances.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
pp. 118-120
Author(s):  
W. Wölwer ◽  
W. Gaebel ◽  
V. Toeller

Summary Background: The provision of mental healthcare for patients with schizophrenia is still characterized both by knowledge gaps and by treatment gaps in everyday clinical practice. Aim: This article discusses the different types of treatment gaps in schizophrenia and describes actions taken to overcome these gaps especially in Europe.


2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (52) ◽  
pp. 2051-2059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Gaál ◽  
Éva Oláh

MicroRNAs are a class of small non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression at posttranscriptional level. Their target genes include numerous regulators of cell cycle, cell proliferation as well as apoptosis. Therefore, they are implicated in the initiation and progression of cancer, tissue invasion and metastasis formation as well. MicroRNA profiles supply much information about both the origin and the differentiation state of tumours. MicroRNAs also have a key role during haemopoiesis. An altered expression level of those have often been observed in different types of leukemia. There are successful attempts to apply microRNAs in the diagnosis and prognosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia. Measurement of the expression levels may help to predict the success of treatment with different kinds of chemotherapeutic drugs. MicroRNAs are also regarded as promising therapeutic targets, and can contribute to a more personalized therapeutic approach in haemato-oncologic patients. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 2051–2059.


Author(s):  
Б.И. Гельцер ◽  
Э.В. Слабенко ◽  
Ю.В. Заяц ◽  
В.Н. Котельников

Одним из основных требований к разработке экспериментальных моделей цереброваскулярных заболеваний является их максимальная приближенность к реальной клинической практике. В работе систематизированы данные по основным методам моделирования острой ишемии головного мозга (ОИГМ), представлена их классификация, анализируются данные о преимуществах и недостатках той или иной модели. Обсуждаются результаты экспериментальных исследований по изучению патогенеза ОИГМ с использованием различных моделей (полной и неполной глобальной, локальной и мультифокальной ишемии) и способов их реализации (перевязка артерий, клипирование, коагуляция, эмболизация и др.). Особое внимание уделяется «стабильности» последствий острого нарушения мозгового кровообращения: необратимых ишемических повреждений головного мозга или обратимых с реперфузией заданной продолжительности. Отмечается, что важное значение в этих исследованиях должно принадлежать современным методам прижизненной визуализации очагов острого ишемического повреждения, что позволяет оценивать динамику патологического процесса. Предлагаемый метод отвечает требованиям гуманного обращения с животными. Подчеркивается, что выбор релевантной модели ОИГМ определяется задачами предстоящего исследования и технологическими ресурсами научной лаборатории. Development of experimental models for acute forms of cerebrovascular diseases is essential for implementation of methods for their prevention and treatment. One of the principal requirements to such models is their maximum approximation to actual clinical practice. This review systematized major models of acute cerebral ischemia (ACI), their classification, and presented information about their advantages and shortcomings. Also, the review presented results of experimental studies on pathophysiological mechanisms of different types of modeled ACI (complete and incomplete global, local, and multifocal ischemia) and methods for creating these models (arterial ligation, clipping, coagulation, embolization, etc.). Particular attention was paid to “stability” of the consequences of acutely impaired cerebral circulation - an irreversible ischemic brain injury or a reversible injury with reperfusion of a given duration. The authors emphasized that in such studies, a special significance should be given to intravital imaging of acute ischemic damage foci using modern methods, which allow assessing the dynamics of the pathological process and meet the requirements to humane treatment of animals. The choice of a relevant ACI model is determined by objectives of the planned study and the technological resources available at the research laboratory.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-394 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Xu ◽  
Long-Fei Wu ◽  
Fei-Yan Deng

Exosomes are 30-120nm long endocytic membrane-derived vesicles, which are secreted by various types of cells and stably present in body fluids, such as plasma, urine, saliva and breast milk. Exosomes participate in intercellular communication. Recently accumulative studies have suggested that exosomes may serve as novel biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. Herein, we reviewed the biological features of exosomes, technologies for exosome isolation and identification, as well as progress in exosomal biomarker identification, highlighting the relevance of exosome to human diseases and significance and great potential in translational medicine.


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