International Journal of Biological Innovations

10.46505/ijbi ◽  
2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Innovations

NEW RE-OS AND U-PB AGE CONSTRAINTS FOR THE BIOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS AND GEOCHEMICAL AND CLIMATIC PERTURBATIONS OF THE NEOPROTEROZOIC

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan D. Rooney ◽  
◽  
Justin V. Strauss ◽  
Phoebe Cohen ◽  
Daniel Condon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Constraints ◽  
Biological Innovations

scholarly journals The International Legal Regime for Biotechnology Patenting: an Appraisal from the Standpoint of Developing Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-325
Author(s):  
Jean-Faustin Badimboli Atibasay
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
The Core ◽  
Legal Implications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Ipr Protection

The development of biotechnology, which promises many economic opportunities, has revived the debate over the ownership of biological resources and its derivatives, as well as the sharing of the benefits which derive from its multiple applications. At the core of the debate, is the recent marriage between intellectual property rights (IPR) and international trade, within the framework of the World Trade Organization (WTO). In this context, the need of developed countries to prevent trade distortions due to the lack of adequate IPR protection in developing countries, is weighed against the need to promote local interests in these countries. However, the legal impact of recent multilateral agreements, which address biological innovations, is still subject to controversy. An assessment of these instruments reveals divergent approaches to the issues which divide the parties concerned. This results in ambiguities and conflicts with respect to relevant provisions of these agreements. From a wide range of possible solutions discussed, industrial and developing countries might consider to review the disputed provisions in a way that attempts to harmonise the agreements and render legal implications of their respective initiatives in this area more predictable.

scholarly journals The dawn of symbiosis between plants and fungi

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 574-577 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin I. Bidartondo ◽  
David J. Read ◽  
James M. Trappe ◽  
Vincent Merckx ◽  
Roberto Ligrone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Evolutionary Trees ◽  
Early Devonian ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Plant Fossils ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
New Hypothesis ◽  
Colonization Of Land ◽  
Early Land

The colonization of land by plants relied on fundamental biological innovations, among which was symbiosis with fungi to enhance nutrient uptake. Here we present evidence that several species representing the earliest groups of land plants are symbiotic with fungi of the Mucoromycotina. This finding brings up the possibility that terrestrialization was facilitated by these fungi rather than, as conventionally proposed, by members of the Glomeromycota. Since the 1970s it has been assumed, largely from the observation that vascular plant fossils of the early Devonian (400 Ma) show arbuscule-like structures, that fungi of the Glomeromycota were the earliest to form mycorrhizas, and evolutionary trees have, until now, placed Glomeromycota as the oldest known lineage of endomycorrhizal fungi. Our observation that Endogone -like fungi are widely associated with the earliest branching land plants, and give way to glomeromycotan fungi in later lineages, raises the new hypothesis that members of the Mucoromycotina rather than the Glomeromycota enabled the establishment and growth of early land colonists.

A comprehensive review on recent biological innovations to improve biogas production, Part 1: Upstream strategies

2020 ◽  
Vol 146 ◽  
pp. 1204-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meisam Tabatabaei ◽  
Mortaza Aghbashlo ◽  
Elena Valijanian ◽  
Hamed Kazemi Shariat Panahi ◽  
Abdul-Sattar Nizami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biogas Production ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Production Part

scholarly journals Shoulder Arthrodesis in the Management of Glenohumeral Pathologies

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 247154921985065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinath Kamineni ◽  
R Zackary Unger ◽  
Rasesh Desai
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Tumor Resection ◽  
Shoulder Girdle ◽  
Salvage Procedure ◽  
End Stage ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Shoulder Arthrodesis ◽  
Girdle Muscle

Background In an era of advanced shoulder stabilization procedures, arthroplasty implants and techniques, shoulder arthrodesis is considered an end-stage salvage procedure with negative connotations. However, in correctly selected patients, arthrodesis can alleviate pain, provide acceptable and stable motion, with a resultant functional shoulder. Methods The current literature on shoulder arthrodesis was reviewed to determine the indications, surgical technique, post-operative rehabilitation, complications and outcomes. Results Indications for shoulder arthrodesis include brachial plexus injuries, paralytic disorders, pseudo paralysis from combined severe/irreparable rotator cuff and deltoid injuries, inflammatory arthritis with severe rotator cuff pathology, persistent refractory instability, and tumor resection. Shoulder arthrodesis generally involves compression screws with or without plate fixation and bone graft. The arthrodesis is positioned to optimize the function of the extremity, primarily for activities of daily living. Postoperatively, most patients are immobilized for 8 to 10 weeks, dependent on the completeness of radiological fusion. Complications include nonunion, shoulder girdle muscle atrophy, painful hardware, periprosthetic fractures, and infection. Discussion With the use of recent biological innovations, the nonunion rate has declined, and rehabilitation technologies have allowed maintenance of muscle mass for future conversion to shoulder arthroplasty. Hence, in carefully selected patients, shoulder arthrodesis provides a valuable option for a stable, functional, and pain-free shoulder and should be retained as part of the treatment algorithm for complex shoulder pathology.

scholarly journals Oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms and their roles in complex multicellularity

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6515) ◽  
pp. eaba3512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma U. Hammarlund ◽  
Emily Flashman ◽  
Sofie Mohlin ◽  
Francesco Licausi
Keyword(s):  
Convergent Evolution ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Oxygen Sensing ◽  
Cellular Responses ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Functional Perspective ◽  
Organismal Development ◽  
Multicellular Organisms ◽  
Biological Innovations ◽  
Evolutionary Role

Oxygen-sensing mechanisms of eukaryotic multicellular organisms coordinate hypoxic cellular responses in a spatiotemporal manner. Although this capacity partly allows animals and plants to acutely adapt to oxygen deprivation, its functional and historical roots in hypoxia emphasize a broader evolutionary role. For multicellular life-forms that persist in settings with variable oxygen concentrations, the capacity to perceive and modulate responses in and between cells is pivotal. Animals and higher plants represent the most complex life-forms that ever diversified on Earth, and their oxygen-sensing mechanisms demonstrate convergent evolution from a functional perspective. Exploring oxygen-sensing mechanisms across eukaryotic kingdoms can inform us on biological innovations to harness ever-changing oxygen availability at the dawn of complex life and its utilization for their organismal development.

scholarly journals Adaptation and Evolution of Biological Materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1629-1635
Author(s):  
Robert A Campbell ◽  
Mason N Dean
Keyword(s):  
Material Properties ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Biological Material ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Biological Materials ◽  
Materials Characterization ◽  
Selective Pressures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Materials Research ◽  
Biological Innovations

Abstract Research into biological materials often centers on the impressive material properties produced in Nature. In the process, however, this research often neglects the ecologies of the materials, the organismal contexts relating to how a biological material is actually used. In biology, materials are vital to organismal interactions with their environment and their physiology, and also provide records of their phylogenetic relationships and the selective pressures that drive biological novelties. With the papers in this symposium, we provide a view on cutting-edge work in biological materials science. The collected research delivers new perspectives on fundamental materials concepts, offering surprising insights into biological innovations and challenging the boundaries of materials’ characterization techniques. The topics, systems, and disciplines covered offer a glimpse into the wide range of contemporary biological materials work. They also demonstrate the need for progressive “whole organism thinking” when characterizing biological materials, and the importance of framing biological materials research in relevant, biological contexts.

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