scholarly journals Clothing Comfort- Physiological Status and Psychological Status

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 (9S) ◽  
pp. 61-67
Author(s):  
Lavanya S
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Psychological Status ◽  
Physiological Status ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Clothing Comfort ◽  
Wide Range

The primary need of people to dress has changed as time passed, because different high-tech fibers, yarns, fabrics, finishing applications, trends and society influences have completely changed. Welfare and comfort properties have become decisive components to make a product appreciated and successful. This paper presents the detailed explanation of clothing comfort, its subgroups and also the Physiological status and psychological status of the people. Clothing also known as clothes, apparel and attire is items worn on the body. Clothing is typically made of fabrics or textiles but over time has included garments made from animal skin or other thin layers of materials put together. The wearing of comfort clothing is mostly restricted to human beings and is a feature of all human societies. Comfort or being comfortable is a sense of physical or psychological ease, often characterized as a lack of hardship. Persons who are lacking in comfort are uncomfortable, or experiencing discomfort. A degree of psychological comfort can be achieved by recreating experiences that are associated with pleasant. Persons who are surrounded with things that provide psychological comfort may be described as being "in their comfort zone". Because of the personal nature of positive associations, psychological comfort is highly subjective. As the year goes the word comfort is been used in all areas such as food, work, people and clothing. Thermal comfort is the condition of mind that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment and is assessed by subjective evaluation. The human body will release excess heat into the environment, so the body can continue to operate. The heat transfer is proportional to temperature difference. Maintaining this standard of thermal comfort for occupants is one of the important goals of HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) design engineers. And in designing of clothes is the most important goal of a fashion designer. There are six primary factors that directly affect thermal comfort that can be grouped in two categories: personal factors - because they are characteristics of the occupants - and environmental factors - which are conditions of the thermal environment. The former are metabolic rate and clothing level, the latter are air temperature, mean radiant temperature, air speed and humidity. Even if all these factors may vary with time, standards usually refer to a steady state to study thermal comfort, just allowing limited temperature variations. The study was conducted to know the responses about comfort clothing in Physiological status and psychological status acceptance. Since there are large variations from person to person in terms of physiological and psychological satisfaction, it is hard to find an optimal temperature for everyone in a ABSTRACT 62 International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology given space. Survey is been collected to define conditions that will be found comfortable for a specified percentage of occupants, being comfortable is a sense of physical or psychological factors. Understanding clothing comfort, Need and consumer trends basic and universal need of consumers in clothing is comfort and they look for good feel and comfort when they buy clothing and other textile materials. Clothing is very important in our life that we use every day to obtain physiological and psychological comfort and also to ensure physical conditions around our body suitable for survival. Therefore, it is extremely important for the survival of human beings and improvement of the quality of our life to have good understanding of the fundamentals of clothing comfort. From the viewpoint of the manufacturers of clothing and textile materials, understanding of clothing comfort has substantial financial implications in the effort to satisfy the needs and wants of consumers in order to obtain sustainable competitive advantages in modern consumer markets. Consumer always expects some additional functional qualities from the clothes they purchase. Clothing is manufactured in a wide range of thermal, tactile and physical properties to meet consumer needs. Depending on the nee. and expectations of the consumer's, the clothing and textile manufacturers provide wide range of options to enhance human comfort. For example, clothing made from blends and natural fibres are preferred to man-made fibres for all comfort attributes except smoothness or woven fabric are preferred to knits for smoothness, thickness and openness. To understand the basics of clothing comfort, sensory tools as well as the equipment’s to evaluate the comfort related characteristics of textile materials have been developed. Large number of studies has been carried out and many equipment are developed in the textile and clothing area such as mechanical, thermal and surface testing, so as to evaluate the related physical properties, but the body between measurement and the consumer feeling of comfort are still difficult to establish. Consumers want everything from the clothing, i.e. it should look good, feel good, perform well, said like their clothing to match with their chosen attitudes, roles and images. Consumers are now allowing touch, smell, intuition, and emotion to influence their decision on clothing selection more than their aesthetic sense. Asa result, great importance is being attributed to the wearing experience and thus comfort is being reinforced as a key parameter in clothing. It is also true that requirements of consumers on comfort changes with products and situations. Clearly, understanding and satisfying the needs of consumer towards clothing products are crucial for the long-term survival and growth of clothing and textile demand. Understanding and enhancement of clothing comfort is definitely one of the important issues.

scholarly journals Development of a Deep Neural Network Model for Estimating Joint Location of Occupant Indoor Activities for Providing Thermal Comfort

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Eun Ji Choi ◽  
Jin Woo Moon ◽  
Ji-hoon Han ◽  
Yongseok Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Deep Neural Network ◽  
Mean Squared Error ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Joint Location

The type of occupant activities is a significantly important factor to determine indoor thermal comfort; thus, an accurate method to estimate occupant activity needs to be developed. The purpose of this study was to develop a deep neural network (DNN) model for estimating the joint location of diverse human activities, which will be used to provide a comfortable thermal environment. The DNN model was trained with images to estimate 14 joints of a person performing 10 common indoor activities. The DNN contained numerous shortcut connections for efficient training and had two stages of sequential and parallel layers for accurate joint localization. Estimation accuracy was quantified using the mean squared error (MSE) for the estimated joints and the percentage of correct parts (PCP) for the body parts. The results show that the joint MSEs for the head and neck were lowest, and the PCP was highest for the torso. The PCP for individual activities ranged from 0.71 to 0.92, while typing and standing in a relaxed manner were the activities with the highest PCP. Estimation accuracy was higher for relatively still activities and lower for activities involving wide-ranging arm or leg motion. This study thus highlights the potential for the accurate estimation of occupant indoor activities by proposing a novel DNN model. This approach holds significant promise for finding the actual type of occupant activities and for use in target indoor applications related to thermal comfort in buildings.

scholarly journals ADAPTIVE HOUSE DESIGN AND PEOPLE’S HABITS IN ACHIEVING THERMAL COMFORT IN GAYO HIGHLAND ACEH, INDONESIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Erna Meutia ◽  
Laina Hilma Sari
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Human Adaptation ◽  
Cold Environment ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
Aceh Province ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
House Design

The Gayo Highland is one of the districts in Aceh Province, Sumatra. Due to the topography, this area has a lower  temperature compared than the flat and coastal areas in Aceh. The thermal comfort that is felt is based on a person's mental condition and how he expresses his satisfaction with his thermal environment. In other words, it shows how humans adapt to their thermal environment. Thermal comfort based on human adaptation is known as adaptive thermal comfort. The form of dwelling for the Gayo Highland community has shifted and changed from traditional dwelling to Transitional and Modern forms that influence the Gayo Highland community's adaptation to achieve thermal comfort. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the house design in Gayo highland in providing warmth to the occupants naturally in the cold environment. Another aim of this study is to investigate the people's habits in warming up the body to deal with the low air temperature in the area.  This study shows how the local people adapt themselves through the house element and daily habit to gain the internal thermal comfort.

scholarly journals Field Study Of A Radiant Heating System For Sleep Thermal Comfort And Potential Energy Saving

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. K. Wang
Keyword(s):  
Potential Energy ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Heating System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Radiant Temperature

As sleep is unconscious, the traditional definition of thermal comfort with conscious judgment does not apply. In this thesis sleep thermal comfort is defined as the thermal condition which enables sleep to most efficiently rejuvenate the body and mind. A comfort model was developed to stimulate the respective thermal environment required to achieve the desired body thermal conditions and a new infrared sphere method was developed to measure mean radiant temperature. Existing heating conditions according to building code conditions during sleeping hours was calculated to likely overheat a sleeping person and allowed energy saving potential by reducing nighttime heating set points. Experimenting with existing radiantly and forced air heated residential buildings, it was confirmed that thermal environment was too hot for comfortable sleep and that the infrared sphere method shows promise. With the site data, potential energy savings were calculated and around 10% of energy consumption reduction may be achieved during peak heating.

scholarly journals ОЦІНКА ПОКАЗНИКІВ КОМФОРТНОСТІ БІЛИЗНЯНИХ ТРИКОТАЖНИХ ПОЛОТЕН ДЛЯ ЗАНЯТЬ СПОРТОМ

2019 ◽  
Vol 136 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
С. І. Арабулі ◽  
А. Т. Арабулі ◽  
С. С. Ототюк ◽  
В. В. Клочко ◽  
Д. Ю. Черепенко
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Materials Science ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Textile Materials ◽  
Clothing Comfort ◽  
Modern Methods

Determination  of  comfort properties  of  knitted  underwear for  sports and  comparison  of traditional and innovative underwear for thermal underwear. Methodology.  The  article  provides  an  analysis  of  the  modern  range  of  textile  materials  for underwear, analyzes the latest developments in the design of thermal underwear. The modern methods have been used to determine clothing comfort and physical properties of textile materials. Experimental studies are based on the basic principles of textile materials science.

scholarly journals Interaction between Sound and Thermal Influences on Patient Comfort in the Hospitals of China’s Northern Heating Region

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wu ◽  
Qi Meng ◽  
Lei Li ◽  
Jingyi Mu
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Negative Stimulus ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Thermal Stimulus ◽  
Acoustic Environment ◽  
Heating Region ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Wide Range

Previous studies have found that hospitals are often inadequately ventilated in the heating region of China, which causes an increased risk of negative impacts on patients. The complex interaction between thermal comfort and acoustics presents considerable challenges for designers. There is a wide range of literature covering the area of the interaction between the sound–thermal, sound–odor, and acoustic–visual influences, but a focused research on the sound –thermal influence on comfort in hospitals has not been published yet. This paper describes a series of field measurements and subjective evaluations that investigate the thermal comfort and acoustic performance of eighteen hospitals in China. The results showed that the thermal comfort in the monitored wards was mostly acceptable, but the temperatures tended to be much higher and the humidity much lower, in practice than they were designed to be in the heating season. The most significant conclusion is that a positive thermal stimulus can create a comfortable thermal environment, which can improve patients’ evaluation of the acoustics, while a negative stimulus has the opposite effect. A comfortable acoustic environment also caused patients to positively evaluate thermal comfort. Moreover, the relationship between thermal and sound effects in the overall evaluation showed that they are almost equal.

The Thermal Comfort of Sedentary Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Foo ◽  
WO Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Two hundred and eighty-five Office workers were surveyed and the micro-climatic conditions in which they worked were measured to evaluate their preferred temperature. About 78% of workers considered the natural tropical climate uncomfortable. However, 76% to 87% of workers in airconditioned Offices approved of their thermal environment if its temperature ranged from 21°C to 27°C. Many workers who felt that the temperature produced a neutral thermal sensation in the body as a whole, tended to complain that their heads were too warm and at the same time their limbs too cool. About 60% of workers in airconditioned Offices were exposed to an air temperature of less than 24°C. Present data suggest that an air temperature of 27°C would be comfortable for more than 80% of workers.

scholarly journals Thermal Personalities of Older People in South Australia: A Personas-Based Approach to Develop Thermal Comfort Guidelines

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (22) ◽  
pp. 8402
Author(s):  
Helen Bennetts ◽  
Larissa Arakawa Martins ◽  
Joost van Hoof ◽  
Veronica Soebarto
Keyword(s):  
Older People ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Study Participants

An important consideration for future age-friendly cities is that older people are able to live in housing appropriate for their needs. While thermal comfort in the home is vital for the health and well-being of older people, there are currently few guidelines about how to achieve this. This study is part of a research project that aims to improve the thermal environment of housing for older Australians by investigating the thermal comfort of older people living independently in South Australia and developing thermal comfort guidelines for people ageing-in-place. This paper describes the approach fundamental for developing the guidelines, using data from the study participants’ and the concept of personas to develop a number of discrete “thermal personalities”. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was implemented to analyse the features of research participants, resulting in six distinct clusters. Quantitative and qualitative data from earlier stages of the project were then used to develop the thermal personalities of each cluster. The thermal personalities represent different approaches to achieving thermal comfort, taking into account a wide range of factors including personal characteristics, ideas, beliefs and knowledge, house type, and location. Basing the guidelines on thermal personalities highlights the heterogeneity of older people and the context-dependent nature of thermal comfort in the home and will make the guidelines more user-friendly and useful.

A review of noteworthy/major innovations in wearable clothing for thermal and moisture management from material to fabric structure

2021 ◽  
pp. 004051752110277
Author(s):  
Hafiz Muhammad Kaleem Ullah ◽  
Joseph Lejeune ◽  
Aurélie Cayla ◽  
Mélanie Monceaux ◽  
Christine Campagne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Body ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Thermal Range ◽  
Moisture Management ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Air Conditioning Systems ◽  
Body Heat

The human body exchanges heat through the environment by various means, such as radiation, evaporation, conduction, and convection. Thermo-physiological comfort is associated with the effective heat transfer between the body and the atmosphere, maintaining the body temperature in a tolerable thermal range (36.5–37.5ºC). In order to ensure comfort, the body heat must be preserved or emitted, depending on external conditions. If the body heat is not properly managed, it can cause hyperthermia, heatstroke, and thermal discomfort. Conventionally, heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems are used to provide comfort. However, they require a huge amount of energy, leading to an increase in global warming, and are limited to indoor applications. In recent decades, scientists across the world have been working to provide thermal comfort through wearable innovative textiles. This review article presents recent innovative strategies for moisture and/or thermal management at the material, filament/fiber, yarn, and fabric scales. It also summarizes the passive/active textile models for comfort. Integrating electrical devices in garments can rapidly control the skin temperature, and is dynamic and useful for a wide range of environmental conditions. However, their use can be limited in some situations due to their bulky design and batteries, which must be frequently recharged. Furthermore, adaptive textiles enable the wearer to maintain comfort in various temperatures and humidity without requiring batteries. Using these wearable textiles is convenient to provide thermal comfort at the individual level rather than controlling the entire building temperature.

scholarly journals M.E.S. Abasaheb Garware College, Pune and Arts, Commerce and Science College, Lasalgaon

2021 ◽  
pp. 86-89
Author(s):  
Sujata M. Kasabe ◽  
Bajirao B. Ahire
Keyword(s):  
Blood Plasma ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Calcium Concentration ◽  
The Body ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Calcium ◽  
Chemical Signalling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Bone Calcium

During the last decade it became the subject of much attention by both scientists and the general public that in the biological system like many other inorganic elements calcium is the most important element. The central role of calcium is in mammalian bones and other mineralized tissues were recognised immediately after its discovery as an element by the scientist Davy in 1808. The insight arrived much later that calcium 2+ ions could play a very important role in other tissues as well. Nowadays, Ca2+ ions are widely recognised as central to a complex intracellular messenger system that is mediating a wide range of biological processes such as muscle contraction, secretion, glycolysis and glycogenesis, iron transport, cell division and growth [1–11]. In the case of mammals, the blood plasma in the Ca2+ Ion concentration exceeds the intracellular by factor of about 104 Ca2+ ions are instrumental in joining certain proteins in the blood clotting system with membrane surfaces of circulating cells. The stable isotopes of calcium are 40 Ca, 44 Ca, 42 Ca, 43 Ca, amid all 40 Ca is most abundant [12]. There are two main groups of experimental techniques for the measurement ofCa2+ion namely 1) Measurement of free calcium concentration. 2) Measurement of total calcium concentration. Approximately 1 kilogram of calcium is present in the human body of which more than 99% deposit is in the bone in the form of calcium phosphate [1]. The distribution of calcium 2+ Ion throughout the organism is demanded and should be made available where needed. In human beings, the blood plasma level of total calcium is kept constant (=2.45mM) within the narrow limits. On a cellular level the basal cytoplasmic calcium 2+concentration, at least in eukaryotic cells, is very low that is on the order of 100 nM. Whereas, at the same time the concentration of Ca2+ in certain organelles such as endoplasmic reticulum or mitochondria may be considerably higher [2,13]. Ca+ channels are regulated by chemical signalling, perhaps by hormones acting directly on the channel by small molecules released intracellularly when a hormone is attached to a membrane- bound receptor [lipard]. More than 99% of the calcium in the human body is in the bones and teeth. In bone, calcium provides the structural strength that allows the bone to support the body’s weight and anchor the muscles. Bone calcium also serves as a reservoir that can be tapped to maintain extracellular calcium concentration regardless of intake. Calcium differs from most other nutrients in that the body contains a substantial store, far in excess of short-term needs, but at the same time that store serves a critical structural role. Thus, the effects of calcium deficiency may escape notice for a considerable time, until they manifest as skeletal weakness or fractures. Deficiency of calcium bones becomes interstitial or brittle and osteoporosis gradually develops.

scholarly journals Achieving wind comfort through window design in residential buildings in cold climates, a case study in Tabriz city

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Tamaskani Esfahankalateh ◽  
Mohammad Farrokhzad ◽  
Ommid Saberi ◽  
Amirhosein Ghaffarianhoseini
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Cold Climate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dynamics Simulation ◽  
Cold Climates ◽  
The Right ◽  
Window Design

Abstract Air movement affects thermal comfort both by increasing evaporative loss through the skin and heat transfer between the body and surrounding environment through convection. Generally, in cold climates, it is best to avoid wind to better control the thermal environment. However, crafted passive airflow is essential for providing fresh air and natural ventilation at certain times of year. The use of a window of the right size and location in a cold climate is also indispensable. In this study, the wind speed was calculated for the height of a residential building in the city of Tabriz. A computational fluid dynamics simulation was used to calculate the inflow air speed for each window and the comfort conditions were compared. The findings determined the months where window openings can be used to enhance thermal comfort. The analysis shows how the direction and shape of the window play a major role in directing outdoor air flow indoors at the right time in the right quantity. East- and west-facing windows are most favorable and north- and south-facing windows can only be used in some months. This shows how building designers can quantify the effect of window design in each climate for the occupant’s comfort.

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