scholarly journals Evolution of Arabic Astronomy in Relation with the Translation Movement in the Early Abbasid Era

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (1 and 2) ◽  
pp. 233-247
Author(s):  
Nasser B. Ayash
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Close Analysis ◽  
Arabic Astronomy

In this work, the emergence of the Arabic astronomy in the early Abbasid era will be presented as an amalgam of various traditions. For this to be illustrated, a close analysis of the development of the cultural and political aspects in the Middle East will be presented that eventually allowed for the so-called Arabic or Islamic culture to flourish. The translation movement will be discussed briefly in order for various aspects of this period to be shown, emphasizing the duality of tradition and innovation. These aspects will be followed more closely in the field of astronomy, illustrating the various tendencies especially in the case of incorporation of Greek Uranography, and the relation between the Lunar Mansions and the Anwa. Political, religious and cultural changes left their traces on the accepted Academic tendencies of the period. For a better understanding the astronomical view at the dawn of the Abbasid era, a close look on the work of Ibn Qutaiba will take place, depicting the transitional period in which he lived.

Oil, Islam, and Women

2008 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL L. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Gender Equality ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Resource Curse ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Political Influence ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Global Data

Women have made less progress toward gender equality in the Middle East than in any other region. Many observers claim this is due to the region's Islamic traditions. I suggest that oil, not Islam, is at fault; and that oil production also explains why women lag behind in many other countries. Oil production reduces the number of women in the labor force, which in turn reduces their political influence. As a result, oil-producing states are left with atypically strong patriarchal norms, laws, and political institutions. I support this argument with global data on oil production, female work patterns, and female political representation, and by comparing oil-rich Algeria to oil-poor Morocco and Tunisia. This argument has implications for the study of the Middle East, Islamic culture, and the resource curse.

scholarly journals Qissat: Short Stories by Palestinian Women

1970 ◽  
pp. 100-101
Author(s):  
Tania Tabbara
Keyword(s):  
Women Writers ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Palestinian Women ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
Patriarchal Society ◽  
Mixed Feelings ◽  
Female Writers

I’ve always had mixed feelings concerning anthologies on women writers. It seems to me that classifying writers by their nationality and their gender does not really do justice to the creative originality of their stories. By classifying them in that way the stories are somehow assumed to reflect a certain social and political reality, which might not at all be intended by the writers.Especially regarding female writers from the Middle East, one expects to find stories that reflect upon the suppression of women in a patriarchal society that is determined by Islamic culture. Palestinian women writers have to fight this cliché as much as the expectation that their writing is (merely) informed by their status as refugees or occupied people (which of course might be the case but not necessarily so, or maybe only partially so).

Indonesia and the Arab World, Then and Now

2021 ◽  
pp. 26-55
Author(s):  
Mirjam Lücking
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Arab World ◽  
Seventh Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Relationship

This chapter provides a historical overview of ambivalent encounters between Indonesia and the Arab world through findings that show the relationship between Indonesia and the Middle East. It recounts the Indonesians' earliest encounters with Arab traders in the seventh century, from confrontations with Indo Persian Sufi up to the current democratization process that have been marked by contradictory dynamics. It also explains how Arabs have been acknowledged as teachers of Islam and allies in the postcolonial nonbloc movement. The chapter describes the gloomy counterimage of the Arab world against which Indonesian officials and religious leaders drew the picture of a tolerant, pluralist Indonesian Islam. It mentions the key role of the mobility across the Indian Ocean in the formation of Islamic culture in Indonesia.

The Concept of Autonomy in International Law and the Practice of the United Nations

1980 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis B. Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Constitutional Law ◽  
West Bank ◽  
The Self ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
The West ◽  
West Bank And Gaza ◽  
Self Rule

The concept of “autonomy” and the related concepts of “self-rule” and “self-government” are terms of both constitutional law and international law. While they are of ancient origin, their current importance is due to their use in the Camp David Agreement relating to a Framework for Peace in the Middle East, of 17 September 1978. That agreement speaks of: providing “full autonomy to the inhabitants” of West Bank and Gaza; a free election of a “self-governing authority”; giving due consideration to “the principle of self-government by the inhabitants of these territories”; establishing “the elected self-governing authority” in the West Bank and Gaza; negotiating an agreement which will define the powers and responsibilities of “the self-governing authority” to be exercised in the West Bank and Gaza; and beginning the transitional period of five years when “the self-governing authority (administrative council) in the West Bank and Gaza is established and inaugurated.”

scholarly journals “The Monasticism of My Community is Jihad”: A Debate on Asceticism, Sex, and Warfare in Early Islam

Arabica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-183
Author(s):  
Christian C. Sahner
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Sexual Revolution ◽  
Sexual Ethics ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Early Islam ◽  
Article Analyse

This article explores Muslim attitudes towards asceticism in the second/eighth and third/ninth centuries by examining the famous Prophetic hadith: “Every community has its monasticism, and the monasticism of my community is ǧihād.” The hadith serves as a lens for assessing several broader phenomena, including early Muslim views of Christian monasticism, the rejection of celibacy in Islamic culture, and the promotion of a new code of sexual ethics in the post-conquest Middle East—what this article terms the “second sexual revolution of Late Antiquity.” It concludes by presenting several accounts of Christian monks who converted to Islam and joined the ǧihād, as well as Muslim soldiers who converted to Christianity and became monks. Cet article analyse les attitudes des musulmans vis-à-vis de l’ascétisme aux deuxième/huitième et troisième/neuvième siècles en examinant le fameux hadith du Prophète : « Chaque communauté a sa forme de monachisme et le monachisme de ma communauté est le ǧihād ». Le hadith sert comme fenêtre pour évaluer plusieurs phénomènes plus larges, dont les points de vue des premiers musulmans sur le monachisme chrétien, le rejet du célibat dans la culture islamique et la promotion d’un nouveau code d’éthique sexuelle dans le Moyen Orient après la conquête – ce que cet article désigne par l’expression « seconde révolution sexuelle de l’Antiquité tardive ». Il conclut en présentant plusieurs récits de moines chrétiens qui se convertirent à l’islam et pratiquèrent le ǧihād, ainsi que des soldats musulmans qui se convertirent au christianisme et devinrent moines. This article is in English.

scholarly journals In Search of Moderation of Islam Againts Extremism: A Promoting “Islam Pribumi” By Gus Dur

FIKRAH ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203
Author(s):  
Muzayyin Muzayyin ◽  
Nadia Raifah Nawa Kartika ◽  
Habib Habib
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Religious Life ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Muslim Majority ◽  
Fundamentalist Movement ◽  
Global Peace

<p class="06IsiAbstrak"><span lang="EN-US">Indonesian religious expressions are facing an extraordinary challenge with the emergence of fundamentalist movements affiliated with number of Islamic transnationalist from Middle East, which is rigidly establishing the ideology of "purification" or as so called Islam Kaffah even if to be forced to the all nation. In this Case, Gus Dur presented another alternative religious pattern by promoting the idea of Islam Pribumi or “Islam Pribumi” which mean to respon and againts this scripturalist-fundamentalist movement. Islam Pribumi is intended to provide opportunities for the diversity of interpretations in term of practicing religious life (Islam) in each different region. Thus, Islam is no longer seen as a single, but rather compound. So there is no longer an assumption that Islam in the Middle East is the best representative of Islam. Therefore, this paper attempts to examine Gus Dur's thoughts on Islam Pribumi which is definitly inclusive, tolerant and peaceful Islamic culture, relflecting Islam as rahmatal lil alamin. It is also to offer a model of Islamic Moderation provided a solution in realizing global peace against conflicts between religions and politics that has occurred most recently in a Muslim-majority country like Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Yemen.</span></p>

Human Remains and What They Can Tell Us about Status and Identity in the Merovingian Period

2020 ◽  
pp. 138-163
Author(s):  
Andrea Czermak
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Isotope Analysis ◽  
Human Remains ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Transitional Period ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Cultural Changes

The Merovingian period was marked by economic, political, social, and cultural changes, leading to new social structures and cultural identities. Stable isotope analysis of human remains, focusing on potential changes in individuals’ life histories can provide important clues about this transitional period, allowing for conclusions about social structures and relations within a population. Carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios are used for characterization of individuals’ diets. Gained from bone material, isotope ratios reflect an average of an individual’s diet during the last years of life. Teeth reflect nutrition during childhood and adolescence and, due to their appositional growth, can provide a chronology of dietary intake during the first twenty years of life. Serial microsampling of dentine from different teeth that grow at different times allows detection of potential changes in diet and subsistence and thus can give information about changing environmental conditions during an individual’s early lifetime. This chapter asks whether the radical cultural changes evident in material culture in Late Antiquity and the early Middle Ages reflect the migration of populations from eastern Europe or cultural change among members of the former Roman population.

The nomenclature of storms in Arabic

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 251-269
Author(s):  
Mohammad Ahmad Thawabteh
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Online Newspapers ◽  
News Agency ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
English Culture ◽  
Full Adaptation

Abstract This article deals with the naming of ecology-related objects in Arabic, as illustrated in the naming of the snowstorms “Storm Huda”, “Storm Jana” and “Storm Zina” which whipped through the Middle East countries on January 6 and February 19, 2015 respectively. The article analyses a corpus of headlines taken from four online newspapers and one news agency, examines the strong connotative values of the snowstorm names, and discusses their relations to translation. The findings of the study show a consensus amongst journalists and meteorologists in Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Saudi Arabia to avoid Arabicisation and opt instead for a full adaptation of foreign storm names in line with the poetics of the receiving culture, one seemingly infused with several echoes from Arab-Islamic culture and particularly the Qur’an. The meticulous care in their choice of words is fully compatible with the perceived target language (TL) audience belonging to Arab-Islamic culture, one with little affinity to English culture.

scholarly journals Digging The Traces of Islam in Baritan Tradition

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Hanida Eris Griyanti ◽  
Sunardi Sunardi ◽  
Warto Warto
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Local Culture ◽  
Islamic Culture ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Islamic History ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
The People ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This article aims to explore the traces of Islam in the tradition of "Baritan". The data were collected from observation, interview, documentation and literature study. The researchers here used data analysis techniques which developed by Miles & Huberman. This research was descriptive qualitative. Since religion and Islamic culture appeared in Indonesia, there was a process of Islamization of the people in Indonesia. Along with the process of Islamization, the socio-cultural changes occured towards the formation of a new culture which was based on Islam. Some traditions that are still used by some Islamic communities such as the grave, pilgrimage,charity, or traditional ceremony of Java which called as sekaten was also a proof of Islamic history in Indonesia that could not be forgotten. These traditions were born because of the influence of Islam which was acculturated with the local culture of the community at the time. One tradition that still exists today is the Baritan Tradition, which means the sea offering. This "Baritan" tradition, It was held every first suro of Javanese calendar or new year of Islam.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document