scholarly journals Loess and Dune Sand as Indicators for Climate Change and Caspian Sea-Level Change in Northern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manfred Frechen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Level Change

scholarly journals Sea-level change in the Dutch Wadden Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (3) ◽  
pp. 79-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bert L.A. Vermeersen ◽  
Aimée B.A. Slangen ◽  
Theo Gerkema ◽  
Fedor Baart ◽  
Kim M. Cohen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Mass Loss ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Recent Literature ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Level Change

AbstractRising sea levels due to climate change can have severe consequences for coastal populations and ecosystems all around the world. Understanding and projecting sea-level rise is especially important for low-lying countries such as the Netherlands. It is of specific interest for vulnerable ecological and morphodynamic regions, such as the Wadden Sea UNESCO World Heritage region.Here we provide an overview of sea-level projections for the 21st century for the Wadden Sea region and a condensed review of the scientific data, understanding and uncertainties underpinning the projections. The sea-level projections are formulated in the framework of the geological history of the Wadden Sea region and are based on the regional sea-level projections published in the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR5). These IPCC AR5 projections are compared against updates derived from more recent literature and evaluated for the Wadden Sea region. The projections are further put into perspective by including interannual variability based on long-term tide-gauge records from observing stations at Den Helder and Delfzijl.We consider three climate scenarios, following the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs), as defined in IPCC AR5: the RCP2.6 scenario assumes that greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions decline after 2020; the RCP4.5 scenario assumes that GHG emissions peak at 2040 and decline thereafter; and the RCP8.5 scenario represents a continued rise of GHG emissions throughout the 21st century. For RCP8.5, we also evaluate several scenarios from recent literature where the mass loss in Antarctica accelerates at rates exceeding those presented in IPCC AR5.For the Dutch Wadden Sea, the IPCC AR5-based projected sea-level rise is 0.07±0.06m for the RCP4.5 scenario for the period 2018–30 (uncertainties representing 5–95%), with the RCP2.6 and RCP8.5 scenarios projecting 0.01m less and more, respectively. The projected rates of sea-level change in 2030 range between 2.6mma−1for the 5th percentile of the RCP2.6 scenario to 9.1mma−1for the 95th percentile of the RCP8.5 scenario. For the period 2018–50, the differences between the scenarios increase, with projected changes of 0.16±0.12m for RCP2.6, 0.19±0.11m for RCP4.5 and 0.23±0.12m for RCP8.5. The accompanying rates of change range between 2.3 and 12.4mma−1in 2050. The differences between the scenarios amplify for the 2018–2100 period, with projected total changes of 0.41±0.25m for RCP2.6, 0.52±0.27m for RCP4.5 and 0.76±0.36m for RCP8.5. The projections for the RCP8.5 scenario are larger than the high-end projections presented in the 2008 Delta Commission Report (0.74m for 1990–2100) when the differences in time period are considered. The sea-level change rates range from 2.2 to 18.3mma−1for the year 2100.We also assess the effect of accelerated ice mass loss on the sea-level projections under the RCP8.5 scenario, as recent literature suggests that there may be a larger contribution from Antarctica than presented in IPCC AR5 (potentially exceeding 1m in 2100). Changes in episodic extreme events, such as storm surges, and periodic (tidal) contributions on (sub-)daily timescales, have not been included in these sea-level projections. However, the potential impacts of these processes on sea-level change rates have been assessed in the report.

Vegetation change in the Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve (Lower Volga Delta, Russia) in relation to Caspian Sea level fluctuation

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. BALDINA ◽  
J. DE LEEUW ◽  
A.K. GORBUNOV ◽  
I.A. LABUTINA ◽  
A.F. ZHIVOGLIAD ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
Volga Delta ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Lower Volga

During the twentieth century the level of the Caspian Sea dropped from -26 m (1930) to -29 m (1977) below global sea level and subsequently rose again to -26.66 m in 1996. We aimed to describe responses of the vegetation in the lower Volga Delta to these substantial sea-level changes using an analysis of historic vegetation maps produced by aerial photography and satellite imagery.The sea level drop in the earlier part of the century was followed by rapid progression of the vegetation. The subsequent rapid sea-level rise in the 1980s did however not result in similarly rapid regression of the vegetation. This partial irreversibility of the vegetation response to sea-level change is explained by the wide flooding tolerance of the major emergent species, namely Phragmites australis. Floating vegetation increased in extent, most likely due to the increased availability of more favourable conditions, particularly for Nelumbo nucifera, a tropical plant reaching its northernmost distribution in the Volga Delta. This species increased in distribution from 3.5 ha in the 1930s throughout the entire Volga Delta to several thousands of hectares in the Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve alone in the 1980s. The reported sea-level changes swept the ecosystems in the Astrakhanskiy Biosphere Reserve back and forth within the Reserve boundaries. At longer time scales, ten-fold greater sea-level change has been reported. The ecosystems for which the Reserve is renowned might be pushed completely out of the Reserve under these conditions. We therefore question whether the current Reserve will be sufficiently large to guarantee conservation of the biota in the lower Volga Delta at longer time scales.

The wandering of the Volga delta: a response to rapid Caspian sea-level change

1997 ◽  
Vol 107 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 189-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.B. Kroonenberg ◽  
G.V. Rusakov ◽  
A.A. Svitoch
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Volga Delta ◽  
Level Change

scholarly journals Caspian Sea Level changes based on Satellite altimetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Memarian Sorkhabi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Level Change

Abstract Today, despite the satellite altimetry, it is possible to determine the average sea level and determine the sea level change with high accuracy. In this research, data from 1992-2017 TOPEX / Poseidon, Jason1, OSTM and Jason3 altimeter satellites in the Caspian Sea have been used. The results show that every year the average of 75 mm of the Caspian Sea water level decreases and the downward trend.

scholarly journals STUDY ON SEA LEVEL RISE IN THE WESTERN INDONESIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 31-40
Author(s):  
Hadikusumah
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Mean Sea Level ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Level Analysis

Study on mean sea level (MSL) rise has been done on tide data at some locations in the Western Indonesia. To account the effect of climate change, air temperature analyses from some weather stations are also performed. The results showed that air temperature has changed between 0.0 to 0.44°C per ten years. The sea level analysis showed that mean sea level at Western Indonesia rise between 3.10 to 9.27 mm per year. Based on the results, the prediction on mean sea level change in the years of 2000, 2030, 2050 and 2100 for Cirebon location are 17 cm, 39 cm, 55 cm, and 92 cm, respectively.

scholarly journals Caspian Sea Level changes based on Satellite altimetry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Memarian Sorkhabi
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Caspian Sea ◽  
Satellite Altimetry ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Sea Level Changes ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Level Change

Abstract Today, despite the satellite altimetry, it is possible to determine the average sea level and determine the sea level change with high accuracy. In this research, data from 1992-2017 TOPEX / Poseidon, Jason1, OSTM and Jason3 altimeter satellites in the Caspian Sea have been used. The results show that every year the average of 75 mm of the Caspian Sea water level decreases and the downward trend.

Optical dating of dune sand for the study of sea-level change

Geology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sytze van Heteren ◽  
David J. Huntley ◽  
Orson van de Plassche ◽  
Ronald K. Lubberts
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Sea Level Change ◽  
Dune Sand ◽  
Optical Dating ◽  
Level Change
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