scholarly journals Prevalence of ectoparasites in free-range backyard chicken flocks in northeast Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Nahal ◽  
Souad Righi ◽  
Mehdi Boucheikhchoukh ◽  
Ahmed Benakhla
Keyword(s):  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Argas Persicus ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Rearing Conditions ◽  
Backyard Chickens ◽  
Backyard Chicken

Free-range backyard chicken breeding is gaining popularity in Algerian rural regions. Due to the natural rearing conditions, chickens are exposed a wide range of microbes and ectoparasites. Currently, little is known about the variety of ectoparasites infesting free-range chickens in Algeria. The present study was conducted over a two year period on 169 backyard chicken, with the aim of identifying and estimating the prevalence of ectoparasites on different body parts of the chickens, and their immediate environments in northeast Algeria. In total, 9943 ectoparasites were identified, and the seven most dominant species were: Menopon gallinae (82.84%), Goniodes dissimilis (15.97%), Menacanthus stramineus (13.60%), Goniocotes gallinae (6.50%), Lipeurus caponis (5.23%), Argas persicus (9.46%) and Dermanyssus gallinae (1.18%). Menopon gallinae was the most frequent isolated ectoparasite throughout the year. Soft ticks Argas persicus were isolated during spring and summer, mainly from crevices and cracks, while the chicken red mite Dermanyssus gallinae was detected in autumn with a low load on bird body parts and a high abundance in nests. These results list the most abundant ectoparasites in backyard chickens, which could facilitate the improvement of rearing management.

scholarly journals mTOR Signaling at the Crossroad between Metazoan Regeneration and Human Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmine Lund-Ricard ◽  
Patrick Cormier ◽  
Julia Morales ◽  
Agnès Boutet
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Biology ◽  
Mammalian Target Of Rapamycin ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Mtor Signaling ◽  
Human Diseases ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Animal Kingdom ◽  
Structure Damage ◽  
Wide Range

A major challenge in medical research resides in controlling the molecular processes of tissue regeneration, as organ and structure damage are central to several human diseases. A survey of the literature reveals that mTOR (mechanistic/mammalian target of rapamycin) is involved in a wide range of regeneration mechanisms in the animal kingdom. More particularly, cellular processes such as growth, proliferation, and differentiation are controlled by mTOR. In addition, autophagy, stem cell maintenance or the newly described intermediate quiescence state, Galert, imply upstream monitoring by the mTOR pathway. In this review, we report the role of mTOR signaling in reparative regenerations in different tissues and body parts (e.g., axon, skeletal muscle, liver, epithelia, appendages, kidney, and whole-body), and highlight how the mTOR kinase can be viewed as a therapeutic target to boost organ repair. Studies in this area have focused on modulating the mTOR pathway in various animal models to elucidate its contribution to regeneration. The diversity of metazoan species used to identify the implication of this pathway might then serve applied medicine (in better understanding what is required for efficient treatments in human diseases) but also evolutionary biology. Indeed, species-specific differences in mTOR modulation can contain the keys to appreciate why certain regeneration processes have been lost or conserved in the animal kingdom.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ectoparasites in free-range backyard chickens, domestic pigeons (Columba livia domestica) and turkeys of Kermanshah province, west of Iran

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Rezaei ◽  
Mohammad Hashemnia ◽  
Abdolali Chalechale ◽  
Shahin Seidi ◽  
Maryam Gholizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Columba Livia ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Backyard Chickens ◽  
Domestic Pigeons

Prehistoric Llama Breeding and Herding on the North Coast of Peru

1985 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melody Shimada ◽  
Izumi Shimada
Keyword(s):  
North Coast ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Early Horizon ◽  
Range Of Functions ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

There is no clear-cut consensus or reliable body of published data in the Andean literature indicating whether llamas were bred and herded on the prehistoric North Coast of Peru or periodically imported from the highlands. Based on four lines of evidence—ethnographic, archaeozoological, physiological, and ethnohistoric—we argue that llamas (and perhaps even alpacas) were successfully bred and maintained on the North Coast from the early Middle Horizon (ca. A.D. 600) and perhaps since the Early Horizon. More specifically, we discuss population structure, representation of body parts, climatic and dietary adaptability, and abundance of coastal forage. Both llamas and alpacas are physiologically well-adapted for the coastal environment and can efficiently process a wide range of forage. By the Middle Horizon, domestic camelids served a wide range of functions including transport, sacrifice, tools, and meat. Species identification, coastal herd management, effects of disease vectors, and other related issues are also discussed.

Monitoring of Dermanyssus gallinae in free-range poultry farms

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Zenner ◽  
G. Bon ◽  
C. Chauve ◽  
C. Nemoz ◽  
S. Lubac
Keyword(s):  
Dermanyssus Gallinae ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Poultry Farms

Experimental Investigations of Cycle-to-Cycle and Cylinder-to-Cylinder Variation of PCCI Combustion With High Injection Pressures

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Juttu ◽  
S. S. Thipse ◽  
Praveen Mishra ◽  
N. B. Dhande ◽  
N. V. Marathe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Heat Release ◽  
Injection Pressure ◽  
Combustion Mode ◽  
Operating Range ◽  
High Injection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Low Load ◽  
Injection Pressures

Recently HCCI combustion concept has gained the attention of industry and academia due to its potential to reduce NOx and PM emissions simultaneously from diesel engines. The HCCI concept also called as Partially-Premixed Charge Compression Ignition (PCCI) when heavy fuel like diesel is used as fuel. To achieve homogeneous mixture of diesel+air+residual gases, high injection pressures are required with fine atomization. The cycle-to-cycle and cylinder-to-cylinder variations in rail pressure and EGR ratio caused to variations in engine performance. In this study combustion stabilities and cycle-to-cycle variations of diesel engine operated in PCCI combustion mode were investigated at different fuel injection pressures on a 4-cylinder, 4-stroke diesel engine. The experiments were conducted with 500bar, 1000bar, 1500bar and 1800bar injection pressures at low load (IMEP = 2bar) and 50% load (IMEP = 8.5bar) at 2500 and 3000 rpm. No EGR was used at low load condition and 50% EGR was used at 50% load at all injection pressures. In-cylinder pressures of 100 cycles were recorded for each test conditions running with PCCI mode. Consequently, cycle-to-cycle variations of the maximum Rate of Heat Release (ROHRmax), maximum Total Heat Release (THRmax), IMEP and Pmax were analyzed and evaluated using Coefficient of Variation (COV) of each parameter. The significant difference in COV from cylinder-to-cylinder was observed at higher injection pressures. With high injection pressures, wide range of cycle-to-cycle variations were observed in engines operated in PCCI combustion mode limiting the injection pressure and operating range of engine. The results show that the injection pressure need to be optimized with respect to load to control the PCCI combustion at constant EGR ratio to minimize the cycle-to-cycle variations and also extend the operating range of PCCI mode.

scholarly journals The effects of managerial systems on helminth infection in freerange chickens from northern Paraná, Brazil

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (6Supl2) ◽  
pp. 4311
Author(s):  
Fernando Emmanuel Gonçalves Vieira ◽  
Milton Hissashi Yamamura ◽  
Roberta Lemos Freire ◽  
Selwyn Arlington Headley
Keyword(s):  
Soil Type ◽  
Helminth Infection ◽  
Ascaridia Galli ◽  
Gastrointestinal Helminths ◽  
Free Range ◽  
Heterakis Gallinarum ◽  
Wide Range

The effects of managerial systems on the occurrence of gastrointestinal helminths in Free-Range Chickens (FRCs) from northern Paraná, Brazil were investigated. The most predominant (23.3%; 61/262) cestode observed was Raillietina cesticillus; Heterakis gallinarum (71.4%; 187/262) and Ascaridia galli (45%; 118/262) were the predominant nematodes; Postharmostomum commutatum was the only trematode observed in 2.7% (7/262) of FRCs. The most elevated parasitic burdens were associated with Heterakis gallinarum, Ascaridia galli, and Raillietina cesticillus. Significant (p ? 0.05) associations were observed when the effects of the types of bedding, soil type, and fence restriction of FRCs were considered relative to the possibility of helminthiasis. The type of bedding, the length of the sanitary break, and the presence of shading significantly (p ? 0.05) influenced the possibility of FRCs being infected by H. gallinarum. Most parameters evaluated were significantly associated with infection of FRCs by A. galli. These findings suggest that FRCs from northern Paraná are infected by a wide-range of gastrointestinal helminths, but more frequently by R. cesticillus, H. gallinarum, and A. galli. Moreover, the type of floor bedding, the soil type, and the usage of fences in the management of FRCs is directly related to gastrointestinal helminthiasis.

scholarly journals The metodical approaches to analysis of sustainable regional development with a focus on agritourism

2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-166
Author(s):  
Barbora Kysilková ◽  
Helena Pavlíčková
Keyword(s):  
Regional Development ◽  
Transition Economies ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Social Dimension ◽  
Three Dimensions ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sustainable Regional Development

Economies in rural regions are characterised by a wide range of economic activities and that in 1990 even in the most rural regions of economically developed countries the agricultural sector accounted for less than 20% of regional labour force (OECD). Non-agricultural activities become dominant in rural regions. Among others, rural tourism and agri-tourism belong to the most frequent types of these activities in rural areas. However prerequisites and conditions for sustainable regional development and rural and agri-tourism differ between countries economy with long tradition of market economy and countries with transition economies. There are many factors behind this difference, when intensive character of agricultural production even in less favourite areas, which was typical for these areas in transition economies still a few years ago, is one of decisive.The article addresses the problem of evaluation of sustainable regional development and evaluation of rural and agritourism in the context of various world regions. The three dimensions of sustainable development, the environmental, the economic and the social dimension are equally important and should not be ranked or separated.Indicator systems and evaluation methods have the potential to play a significant role in the decision making process at a regional level. They can form the basic information that is necessary to allow strategic planning as well as informed participatory processes for the decision among different pathways into the future.

scholarly journals Effects of Housing Locations on Feather Damages of Laying Hens in a Free-Range Housing System

2021 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 2525
Author(s):  
METIN PETEK
Keyword(s):  
Scoring System ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Continuous Access ◽  
Free Range

This study was made to evaluate the effects of different locations of a free range housing system on feather damages of laying hens. The experimental house consisted of three different locations as closed indoor plastic slats, closed indoor litter and outdoor range area. The birds were able to move freely between the locations of the experimental house and they had continuous access to outdoor range during the day. The feather damages of the birds was evaluated with a distance scoring system at 64 weeks of age. Five area in each location of the experimental house were determined at first and then feather damages of five body parts of ten birds in each location were scored to measure plumage quality. Total feather score was defined as the sum of the scores of five body parts of the birds. Best plumage quality was measured in neck in all housing locations (P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01) and total feather score of the birds was significantly greatest (worst) in slats (P<0.05).

scholarly journals Task-Sharing Between Pediatricians and Non-Physician Healthcare Professionals in Outpatient Child Health Care in Germany: Assessment of Need and Acceptance for Concept Development

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 ◽  
pp. 004695802096929
Author(s):  
Angelika Beyer ◽  
Laura Rehner ◽  
Wolfgang Hoffmann ◽  
Neeltje van den Berg
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Pediatric Care ◽  
Three Dimension ◽  
Task Sharing ◽  
Rural Regions ◽  
Physician Health ◽  
Wide Range

Although pediatricians in Germany work as general practitioners for children, they are planned and trained as medical specialists. In consequence, distances between practices and residences of patients can be very large. The implementation of task-sharing models is a promising option to sustain pediatric outpatient care in rural regions. In this study we assessed the need for and acceptance of delegation of tasks in outpatient pediatric healthcare to non-physician healthcare professionals and developed a task-sharing concept. A standardized questionnaire was developed and addressed a wide range of healthcare professionals. On the basis of the results of the questionnaire and a subsequent workshop involving representatives of the various fields of pediatric care a delegation-concept was developed. A total of 206 questionnaires were answered (response rate: 17%). About 70% of the respondents (n = 145) agreed with the delegation of counseling on prevention, 66% (n = 135) with the delegation of tasks in the transition process into adult medicine. All proposed tasks were conceivable for at least a third of the respondents. Mostly, pediatricians could envision delegation more than the non-physician health care professionals. A three-dimension-delegation-concept was developed: which tasks can be delegated to whom in which setting. Basically, if nurses or medical practice assistants are adequately qualified, all tasks can be delegated to both. The delegation was approved by most of the respondents. Implementation of task-sharing provides a new option to support pediatricians and create better access to outpatient pediatric health care in rural regions. The next step should be the implementation of the delegation concept in pilot projects.

Reorganization in the Cutaneous Core of the Human Thalamic Principal Somatic Sensory Nucleus (Ventral Caudal) in Patients With Dystonia

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 3204-3212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred A. Lenz ◽  
Nancy N. Byl
Keyword(s):  
Essential Tremor ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Receptive Fields ◽  
Body Part ◽  
The Body ◽  
Sensory Cortex ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Primary Sensory Cortex ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sensory Nucleus

A wide range of observations suggest that sensory inputs play a significant role in dystonia. For example, the map of the hand representation in the primary sensory cortex (area 3b) is altered in monkeys with dystonia-like movements resulting from overtraining in a gripping task. We investigated whether similar reorganization occurs in the somatic sensory thalamus of patients with dystonia (dystonia patients). We studied recordings of neuronal activity and microstimulation-evoked responses from the cutaneous core of the human principal somatic sensory nucleus (ventral caudal, Vc) of 11 dystonia patients who underwent stereotactic thalamotomy. Fifteen patients with essential tremor who underwent similar procedures were used as controls. The cutaneous core of Vc was defined as the part of the cellular thalamic region where the majority of cells had receptive fields (RFs) to innocuous cutaneous stimuli. The proportion of RFs including multiple parts of the body was greater in dystonia patients (29%) than in patients with essential tremor (11%). Similarly, the percentage of projected fields (PFs) including multiple body parts was higher in dystonia patients (71%) than in patients with essential tremor (41%). A match at a thalamic site was said to occur if the RF and PF at that site included a body part in common. Such matches were significantly less prevalent in dystonia patients (33%) than in patients with essential tremor (58%). The average length of the trajectory where the PF included a consistent, cutaneous RF was significantly longer in patients with dystonia than in control patients with essential tremor. The findings of sensory reorganization in Vc thalamus are congruent with those reported in the somatic sensory cortex of monkeys with dystonia-like movements resulting from overtraining in a gripping task.

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