scholarly journals An epidemiological study of bovine mastitis and associated risk factors in and around Eltarf District, northeast Algeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abderrazek Hocine ◽  
Riad Bouzid ◽  
Hamida Talhi ◽  
Djamel Khelef
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
National Level ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hygienic Condition ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Lactation Stage ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

A cross-sectional study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of bovine mastitis, and to assess potential risk factors among lactating cows, both local and crossbreeds, in and around Eltarf town in northeast Algeria. A total of 324 lactating cows were included in the survey, examined for mastitis by clinical examination of the udder and teats and tested using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) to determine clinical and subclinical mastitis. Data was collected in a questionnaire during the farm visit. The overall prevalence was 41.66% (135/324), of which 9.80% (32/324) were clinical and 31.79% (103/324) subclinical cases. Out of 1296 quarters examined, the prevalence rate was 41.04% (532/1296), where 9.25% (120/1296) were clinical and 31.79% (412/1296) subclinical aspects of mastitis. Right Hind teats (RH) showed the highest rate of inflammation (51.54%), followed by the Left Hind (LH) teat in second place (44.44%), Right front quarter (RF; 36.11%) and lastly Left Front (LF; 32.09%). The relationships of risk factors with mastitis status were determined using Chi-square analysis, associations between mastitis and the independent variables, including parity and hygienic condition of the udder, teat and housing of cows were statistically significant (P<0.05) in the univariate analysis. Mastitis prevalence was significantly higher in cows having delivered four calves (87.50%) comparing to cows with less than four calves (28.16%), irrespective of lactation stage. Significantly higher mastitis prevalence was also observed in poor hygienic conditions (38.82%; P<0.05) than good hygienic condition (22.07%). Other risk factors such as breed, age, lactation stage, rearing system, housing system and tick control infestation did not differ significantly (P>0.05). This study indicated that mastitis is a prevalent disease and a serious problem across herds in and around the Eltarf district in Algeria. Further detailed epidemiological, microbiological, and economic analysis studies are required at the national level to tailor existing control and prevention strategies. Regular surveillance measures are recommended.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Bovine Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors in East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sadia Hajie
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Examination ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

A cross sectional study was conducted in selected districts of East Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional Stat from November 2013 to April 2014 on dairy cows to determine the prevalence of mastitis and determinant of its major risk factors. The study was done on 250 lactating cows, of which 109 were local and 14 1 cross breed by using clinical examination , California mastitis test (CMT) and culture. Of these 108 (43.2 %) were positive by clinical examination and CMT for clinical and sub clinical mastitis, with prevalence of 4 % and 38.8 %, respectively. All the p otential risk factors considered in this study namely, parity ( p < 0.05), breed (p< 0.05), age (p < 0.05), stage of lactation (p < 0.05),breed (p < 0.05) and husbandry (p < 0.05) showed a significant effect on prevalence of mastitis in present study. Thus , high prevalencence of mastitis was observed in older cows >7 years and cows with parity >7 but high prevalence was obtained on early and late stage of lactation. The study also revealed that cross breed lactating cows and those managed intensively were s usceptible to mastitis. The highly prevalent bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aurous (46 %) followed by Streptococcus agalactiae which accounts (19.4 %), and others were Staphylococcus intermidius, E. coli and Corynebacterial species with respective pr oportion of 16.6, 10.9 and 7.1%. The present study also revealed that mastitis is the major problem in smallholder dairy farms in the study area specially the sub clinical form, so that creation of awareness about the importance and prevention of subclinic al mastitis among smallholder dairy farmers, milking infected animals and periodic monitoring of infection status of the udder is recommended.

scholarly journals Examining the geographic distribution of six chronic disease risk factors for severe COVID-19: Veteran–nonveteran differences

2021 ◽  
pp. 174239532110282
Author(s):  
Michelle McDaniel ◽  
Justin T McDaniel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
National Level ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Objectives We aimed to better understand where the prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 occur, especially among veterans and nonveterans – populations that are given the opportunity to seek healthcare from separate entities. Methods In this cross-sectional study, we use data from the SMART Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to estimate the prevalence (i.e., survey-weighted %) of six risk factors for severe COVID-19 (i.e., chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder [COPD], asthma, diabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease) for veterans and nonveterans at the national level, in 155 metropolitan/micropolitan statistical areas, and in Veteran Integrated Service Networks (veterans only). We examine differences in these outcomes among veterans and between geographic areas using chi-square analysis or multivariable logistic regression. Results In the national aggregate, veterans exhibited higher prevalence rates of COPD, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and kidney disease than nonveterans, but not asthma and obesity. However, we show significant variation in the prevalence of risk factors for severe COVID-19 among veterans by geographic location. Discussion This study provides a dataset that can be used by healthcare providers in order to prioritize prevention programming for veterans who may be at higher risk for COVID-19 due to their increased risk for certain chronic diseases.

scholarly journals Hierarchical disentanglement of contextual from compositional risk factors of diarrhoea among under-five children in low- and middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe ◽  
A. Olalekan Uthman ◽  
Latifat Ibisomi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
National Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Under Five Children ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractSeveral studies have documented the burden and risk factors associated with diarrhoea in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). To the best of our knowledge, the contextual and compositional factors associated with diarrhoea across LMIC were poorly operationalized, explored and understood in these studies. We investigated multilevel risk factors associated with diarrhoea among under-five children in LMIC. We analysed diarrhoea-related information of 796,150 under-five children (Level 1) nested within 63,378 neighbourhoods (Level 2) from 57 LMIC (Level 3) using the latest data from cross-sectional and nationally representative Demographic Health Survey conducted between 2010 and 2018. We used multivariable hierarchical Bayesian logistic regression models for data analysis. The overall prevalence of diarrhoea was 14.4% (95% confidence interval 14.2–14.7) ranging from 3.8% in Armenia to 31.4% in Yemen. The odds of diarrhoea was highest among male children, infants, having small birth weights, households in poorer wealth quintiles, children whose mothers had only primary education, and children who had no access to media. Children from neighbourhoods with high illiteracy [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.07, 95% credible interval (CrI) 1.04–1.10] rates were more likely to have diarrhoea. At the country-level, the odds of diarrhoea nearly doubled (aOR = 1.88, 95% CrI 1.23–2.83) and tripled (aOR = 2.66, 95% CrI 1.65–3.89) among children from countries with middle and lowest human development index respectively. Diarrhoea remains a major health challenge among under-five children in most LMIC. We identified diverse individual-level, community-level and national-level factors associated with the development of diarrhoea among under-five children in these countries and disentangled the associated contextual risk factors from the compositional risk factors. Our findings underscore the need to revitalize existing policies on child and maternal health and implement interventions to prevent diarrhoea at the individual-, community- and societal-levels. The current study showed how the drive to the attainment of SDGs 1, 2, 4, 6 and 10 will enhance the attainment of SDG 3.

scholarly journals The epidemiology of Moebius syndrome in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arturo Carta ◽  
Stefania Favilla ◽  
Giacomo Calzetti ◽  
Maria Cristina Casalini ◽  
Pier Francesco Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Demographic Data ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
National Level ◽  
Age At Diagnosis ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Italian Population ◽  
Moebius Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Geographical Regions ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Abstract Background The epidemiology of Moebius syndrome (MBS) is difficult to assess. In the present study, we investigated the epidemiology of MBS in a well-defined population within a precise geographical area. Materials and methods Our university hospital is the only national referral center for the diagnosis and treatment of MBS. Participants in this cross-sectional study were patients affected by MBS who had been periodically followed by our medical staff since 1998. Most of the patients were referred to our hospital by the Italian Association of Moebius Syndrome (AISMO). Demographic data necessary for study purposes were made available in the AISMO database, updated to April 2018. Subjects were assigned to geographical macroareas that are conventionally used in surveys and epidemiological investigations by the Italian National Institute of Statistics. The rates and prevalence of MBS cases were calculated on the basis of the last available survey of the Italian population. Each study parameter was then calculated with reference to the whole country and macroarea partition. The sex rate and the corresponding prevalence were calculated with respect to the weighted whole population and to the respective sex population. Chi-square analysis was adopted to investigate possible differences among geographical regions and/or sexes. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results One hundred and sixty-four out of 212 MBS patients fulfilled our inclusion criteria. All cases occurred in Caucasian patients and were sporadic. The median age at diagnosis was 3.6 years, ranging from 0 to 55 years; this range was significantly reduced to 0–5 years (median age at diagnosis: 2.2 years) in patients included after 2007. The calculated prevalence at birth was 0.06 cases per 10,000 live births, with an overall prevalence of 0.27/100,000, without any sex or geographical predominance. Conclusions The prevalence of MBS observed herein, rounded for possible underestimation, was 0.3/100,000 people, without any regional difference in the distribution of cases. Our data confirm the rarity of the disease on a national level.

scholarly journals Risk factors for trypanosomiasis by Trypanosoma vivax in cattle raised in Rio Grande do Norte state

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jael Soares Batista ◽  
Gabriela Hémylin Ferreira Moura ◽  
Francisco Canindé Lopes ◽  
Kaliane Alessandra Rodrigues de Paiva ◽  
Hélio Noberto de Araújo Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Trypanosoma Vivax ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
European Breed ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Semi Arid Region

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anti Trypanosoma vivax antibodies and the possible risk factors associated with the infection in cattle in Rio Grande do Norte, Northeastern Brazil, through a cross-sectional epidemiological study, with non-probabilistic convenience sampling. A total of 467 cattle’s serum samples were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence. Forty-two samples tested positive for Trypanosoma vivax IgG antibodies, corresponding to the prevalence of 9%. Risk factors influencing the occurrence of trypanosomiasis were milk exploration, raising of European breeds, productivity category: lactation cow, purchase of new cattle, foraging habits near ponds and rivers, and the presence of mechanical vectors. So, high prevalence in beef animals (59.5%), females (95.2%), European breed (88.1%), lactating cows (85.7%), pasture at banks of dams and rivers (95.2%), in addition to the presence of mechanical vectors (81%) and acquisition of animals (88.1%), indicates the expansion of trypanosomiasis in Northeastern semi-arid region, and the information obtained may explain the epidemiological factors that determine the occurrence of trypanosomiasis by T. vivax in this region.

Risk factors of S. aureus intramammary infection in pre partum dairy heifers under grazing conditions and molecular characterization of isolates from heifers and cows

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
Cecilia M. Camussone ◽  
Ana I. Molineri ◽  
Marcelo L. Signorini ◽  
Verónica E. Neder ◽  
Carlos A. Vitulich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Intramammary Infection ◽  
Dairy Heifers ◽  
Lactating Cows

AbstractThe aims of the research reported here were to identify potential risk factors associated with the presence of Staphylococcus aureus intramammary infection (IMI) in pre partum dairy heifers on 17 dairy farms from three provinces of Argentina and to characterize, at molecular level, isolates from those heifers and lactating cows from two selected herds. A total of 1474 heifers and 4878 lactating cows were studied. The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus IMI in the heifers, heifers at quarter level and lactating cow mammary quarters was 14.41, 4.82, and 14.65%, respectively. Univariate analysis showed the key variables associated with S. aureus IMI presence in the heifers were: S. aureus IMI prevalence in cows of the lactating herd, the time calves stayed with their dam after birth, the calf rearing system, the place of rearing (own farm or other dairy farm) and fly control on the farm. None of the variables included in the multivariable analysis was associated with the presence of S. aureus IMI in the pre partum heifers, probably due to low variability among management practices used by the farms for rearing the heifer calves. At the molecular level, S. aureus isolates were grouped into three main PFGE clusters and several genotypes within the clusters. Isolates from mammary secretion of pre partum heifers and milk of lactating cows comprised different PFGE clusters in both herds, although two exceptions occurred. The absence of gene fnbpB, which codifies for a virulence factor protein involved in cell invasion by S. aureus, was significantly more frequent in pre partum heifer secretion isolates than in isolates from lactating cow milk. These results suggest that, under these management conditions, isolates from mammary secretions of pre partum heifers do not originate from the milk of lactating cows, but rather other sources to which the heifer is exposed.

scholarly journals Factors related to non-adherence to mammography in a city of the Brazilian Amazonian area: A population-based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Iasmim de Andrade Souza ◽  
◽  
Daniela Souza Araújo ◽  
Daniele Aparecida de Freitas Teles ◽  
Stéphanie Gomes Lins de Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cancer Control ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Government Assistance ◽  
Cross Sectional

Summary Objective: To assess the prevalence of mammography use and factors related to non-adherence in Boa Vista, capital of Roraima, Brazil. Method: A cross sectional study, quantitative analysis, based on household survey was performed between June and August 2013, using a face-to-face interview with a pre-tested form. Target population was women between 40 and 69 years. The sample size target was 240 participants, and the sampling method was random cluster sampling. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Federal University of Roraima. Results: 241 women were included without refusals. The prevalence of non-use of mammography in the past two years was 55.6% (95CI 49.1-61.9). In univariate analysis, the risk factors for non-adherence to mammography were having low educational level, family income below three minimum wages, receiving government assistance, not having consulted with a doctor and no health insurance. In multivariate analysis, only low educational level and receiving government assistance remained as risk factors. Medical consultation or health worker visiting were protective factors. Conclusion: Adherence to mammography is unsatisfactory in Boa Vista, Roraima, and has a predominantly opportunistic character. Low educational level is confirmed as an independent risk factor, but belonging to a family that receives government assistance can be interpreted as a social marker of families and/or areas lacking of government intervention to increase access to breast cancer control programs.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors of Bovine Mastitis in Southern Zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Adehanom Baraki ◽  
Teshale Teklue ◽  
Tesfay Atsbha ◽  
Temesgen Tesfay ◽  
Solomon Wayou
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Bovine Mastitis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
California Mastitis Test ◽  
History Of

Mastitis is the most common disease of adult dairy cattle. The disease continues to be one of the most perplexing and costly diseases of dairy cattle. The present study was conducted to detect bovine mastitis cows and identify potential risk factors for the distribution of bovine mastitis of smallholder dairy farmers using the California mastitis test. A cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2013 to May 2015 in the southern zone of Tigray, Northern Ethiopia, on 146 head of randomly selected cattle, of which 99 (67.8%) were crossed zebu and 47 (32.2%) pure local zebu using the California mastitis test and questionnaire. The overall prevalence was 65 (45.5%), of which 72.3% of crossed local and 27.69% of local zebu were found positive for the CMT test. The investigated risk factors were the season of lactation (OR = 0.510, CI = 0.208–1.247, P = 0.140 ), washing hands between consecutive milking events (OR = 0.354, CI = 0.146–0.856, P = 0.021 ), and history of previous mastitis (OR = 0.441, CI = 0.226–0.858, P = 0.016 ), which had significant ( P < 0.05 ) effect on the present prevalence of bovine mastitis in the study area. A high prevalence of bovine mastitis was observed in the southern zone of Tigray. The summer season of lactation and not washing hands between consecutive milking of cows were significant mastitis causation risk factors in addition to the history of previous mastitis disease history.

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