scholarly journals Basic morphometric parameters of antlers in Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) from imperial hunts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milivoje Urošević ◽  
Milosava Matejević ◽  
Panče Dameski
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
Uniform Beam ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Roe deer (Capreolus capreolus L.) is adaptable to various habitat conditions and is widespread across Europe. The Białowieża Primeval Forest is an area in the moderate zone of lowland Europe and it is habitat for different game species. For the purposes of this study, the morphometric parameters of roe deer antlers shot in the Białowieża Primeval Forest by the Russian Czar Nicholas II during his reign (1894-1917) were analysed. Length of left and right beams, circumference of the left and right coronets, circumference of the left and right, length of the first and second tine end of the left and right beams, and inside span were measured and analysed. The results showed that during the imperial roe deer hunts in the period 1894 to 1917 in Białowieża Primeval Forest, individuals of similar morphometric trophy characteristics were hunted. The trophies were, on average, characterized by a slightly longer left beam, uniform beam circumference, coronet circumference, and very similar tine ends lengths.

Hydrological Droughts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest, Poland, in the Years 1951–2020

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1744
Author(s):  
Leszek Hejduk ◽  
Ewa Kaznowska ◽  
Michał Wasilewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Hejduk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
The Past ◽  
Low Flows ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hydrological Droughts ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

The occurrence of hydrological drought, caused by rainfall deficiency, poses a threat to forest areas—not only due to the danger of fire, but as a result of changes in habitat conditions. It is predicted that more frequent periods of drought and high temperatures will reduce the stability of forests and increase their susceptibility to industrial pollution, pressure from insect pests, fungal pathogens, and fires. The main aim of this study was to investigate the current streamflow droughts in the catchment area of the Narewka River as an indicator of hydrological droughts in the Białowieża Primeval Forest for the period 1951–2020. The research presented in this paper shows that low flows of surface waters have appeared as an indicator of hydrological droughts almost every year since 1983. The analysis of the trend over the past 70 years shows that the aggregated annual volumes of low flows and the number of days with low flows are increasing significantly. This indicates a significant and relatively permanent change in the seasonal structure of the river runoff in the event of low summer flow.

scholarly journals Wildkundliche und jagdliche Veränderungen in den letzten 25 Jahren (1973 bis 1997), dargestellt anhand von Jagdstatistiken | Changes in Population and Harvesting of Game Species During 25 Years (1973-1997): an Interpretation of Hunting Statistics

1999 ◽  
Vol 150 (9) ◽  
pp. 335-341
Author(s):  
Urs Zehnder
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Population Trends ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Rupicapra Rupicapra ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Hunting Statistics

Population trends, numbers of harvested adult females and harvest rates of red deer (Cervus elaphus) in Switzerland and in the canton of St. Gallen were analysed using freely accessible data from federal and regional hunting statistics. We did the same analyses with data from chamois (Rupicapra rupicapra) in Switzerland and in the cantons of Berne and St. Gallen. Data from roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) were analysed for Switzerland and the cantons of Solothurn and Vaud. The results show that the new Swiss hunting and forest laws have not had any effect on population size of red deer, chamois and roe deer yet. Regulative effects, however, could be shown locally for the red deer in the canton of St. Gallen and for the chamois in the cantons of Berne and St. Gallen. There is evidence that the present hunting statistics represent only an incomplete base for comprehensive harvest planning according to the law.

Wild ruminants in the area of the North-Western Poland as potential reservoir hosts of Bartonella schoenbuchensis and B. bovis

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Adamska
Keyword(s):  
Cervus Elaphus ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
The North ◽  
Reservoir Hosts ◽  
North Western

AbstractThe aim of this work was to examine if the game species from the north-western Poland, roe deer (Capreolus capreolus), red deer (Cervus elaphus) and wild boar (Sus scrofa), may be reservoir hosts of bacteria from the genus Bartonella, and whether the sheep tick (Ixodes ricinus) is their vector. To this end, the prevalence of Bartonella DNA in the tissues of these game species was measured, just as in sheep ticks (I. ricinus) infesting them, and ticks collected from plants in the hunting area. The prevalence of Bartonella DNA was 39% (23/59) in roe deer and 35% (7/20) in red deer. No Bartonella DNA was detected in any of the 21 wild boars. The presence of Bartonella DNAwas detected in 1.9% of ticks infesting roe deer (2/103), while no pathogen DNA was found in the 20 ticks infesting the red deer and the 3 ticks infesting wild boars, or the 200 ticks collected from plants. Amplicons of two different lengths were obtained; 198 bp, characteristic for B. bovis, and 317 bp, characteristic for B. schoenbuchensis, which were confirmed later by sequencing. The examined ruminants are probably the reservoir hosts of B. schoenbuchensis and B. bovis in the biotope of the Puszcza Wkrzańska Forest, and wild boars do not participate in the Bartonella propagation in the environment. I. ricinus is unlikely to be the main vector of Bartonella species detected in the examined roe deer and red deer; probably other bloodsucking arthropods, parasitizing wild ruminants, play this role.

scholarly journals First report on the sero-epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in German roe deer (Capreolus capreolus)

Parasite ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mike Heddergott ◽  
Peter Steinbach ◽  
Daniel Pohl ◽  
Alain C. Frantz
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
German Population ◽  
Wild Ungulates ◽  
Age Classes ◽  
Game Species ◽  
Modified Agglutination Test ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

While the roe deer (Capreolus capeolus) is the most important game species in Germany and its venison is popular, there is limited knowledge about the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in this animal population in the country, and in wild ungulates in Germany generally. Between 2013 and 2015, we collected 295 blood samples from roe deer belonging to a central German population. Sera were analysed using a modified agglutination test (MAT, cut-off 1:20), and antibodies were detected in 86 of the 295 samples (29%). Seroprevalence values differed significantly between the different age classes, with antibodies more frequently observed in adults. In contrast, seroprevalence did not differ significantly between the sexes or collection years. Venison is frequently consumed raw or undercooked and may be a potential source of human infection with T. gondii.

scholarly journals Considerations in the study of trophies

2019 ◽  
Vol 143 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 203-212
Author(s):  
Krešimir Krapinec ◽  
Dean Konjević ◽  
Miljenko Bujanić ◽  
Miroslav Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Volume Density ◽  
Real Coefficient ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Game Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Lower Volume ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Actual Mass

Roe deer is Laurasiatherian mammal from the family of Cervidae. It is autochthonous and one of the most valued trophy game species in Croatia (Zorić 2014.). Antlers (left and right branch) with complete or part of the skull are regarded as trophy. Despite the fact that roe deer antlers are easily accessible trophies, formulas for their evaluations are still largely debated. It is a consequence of large number of elements that need to be evaluated, possible use of coefficient instead of measuring volume and mass, and potential differences in trophy preparation. Guidelines of the International Council for Game and Wildlife Conservation (CIC) instructs that skulls should be cut through the eye cavities leaving intact nasal bones on the trophy. If otherwise cut or left intact with maxillar teeth, deduction of 65 or 90g is foreseen. Considering the fact that weight and density of bones varies between populations, we hypothesize that above mentioned deductions do not represent real values. Therefore the aim of this research was to determine the deviations from actual mass. A total of 40 roe buck skulls originating from the area of Central Croatia were analysed. All skulls were weighed 3 times, initially when intact, after shallow cut and after proscribed cut. Obtained data were statistically analysed. Following the shallow cut, skull is lighter for 25 to 52 g, which is 11 g less than proscribed 65 g. In other words application of shallow cut will result in the loss in trophy value. In cases of intact skulls loss in weight is related to gross skull mass. In this case even 68 to 70% of variability are explained by gross skull mass (R<sup>2</sup>=0.680; p&lt;0.0001 – linear function, or R<sup>2</sup>=0.699; p&lt;0.01 – potency function). According to the intersection of the lines (obligate deduction of 90 g and dependence of mass loss due to the cutting) milestone in the mass is at 310 g gross. In other words trophies lighter than 310 g should be cut according to proscriptions as they will lose less than 90 g, while heavier skulls should be left intact as they will lose more than proscribed 90 g. Regardless of the skull preparation, all obtained masses show statistically significant relation to volume. With increase in volume density of trophies decreases (R<sup>2</sup>=0.813; p&lt;0.001), with the fact that cutting of the skull results in removal of denser, heavier parts of the trophy. Application of the coefficient 0.23 depends on the density of the trophy, meaning that its application in the case of heavier antlers with lower volume will increase the trophy value. In the case of porous antlers the real coefficient should be higher, as application of 0.23 results in lower trophy values. In the case of intact skulls we do not advice application of 0.23 coefficient as this will decrease the trophy value.

Enamel Thickness Differs between Field and Forest European Roe Deer Capreolus capreolus

2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Jan Demesko ◽  
Marta Kurek ◽  
Patrycja Podlaszczuk ◽  
Janusz Markowski
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Enamel Thickness

scholarly journals The modular organization of roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) body during ontogeny: the effects of sex and habitat

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Milošević-Zlatanović ◽  
Tanja Vukov ◽  
Srđan Stamenković ◽  
Marija Jovanović ◽  
Nataša Tomašević Kolarov
Keyword(s):  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Modular Organization

scholarly journals The maturity index for Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) communities as an indicator of human-caused disturbance in selected forest complexes of Poland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Napierała ◽  
Jerzy Błoszyk
Keyword(s):  
Soil Quality ◽  
National Park ◽  
Reproductive Strategies ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Maturity Index ◽  
Primeval Forest ◽  
New Methods ◽  
Precise Evaluation ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

AbstractThe necessity of monitoring changes occurring in soil compels us to look for new methods that will allow easy and precise evaluation of the soil quality in a given area. One proposed method is the maturity index (MI) – an index that is based on the distribution of species along the r-to-K continuum in examined populations. In this study, mites from the suborder Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata) were examined for their appropriateness in MI-based assessments of soil quality. The first aim of the study was to establish the criteria on the basis of which the evaluation of the r-to-K reproductive strategies was conducted for Uropodina in the examined communities. The second aim was to evaluate the performance of the maturity index of communities of Uropodina as indicator of human-caused disturbance in five areas that are legally protected in Poland. The selected areas were: Białowieża Primeval Forest, Gorce National Park, and three nature reserves: Jakubowo, Las Grądowy nad Mogilnicą, and Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego. We found that as many as 68 out of the 96 analyzed Uropodina species in Poland are K-stategists. The highest values of the maturity index were recorded for the nature reserves Cisy Staropolskie im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego and the Białowieża Primeval Forest.

scholarly journals Testicular Melatonin and Its Pathway in Roe Deer Bucks (Capreolus capreolus) during Pre- and Post-Rut Periods: Correlation with Testicular Involution

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1874
Author(s):  
Alberto Elmi ◽  
Nadia Govoni ◽  
Augusta Zannoni ◽  
Martina Bertocchi ◽  
Chiara Bernardini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Roe Deer ◽  
Capreolus Capreolus ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Melatonin Receptors ◽  
Local Synthesis ◽  
Testicular Weight ◽  
And Function ◽  
Gene Expression Levels

Roe deer are seasonal breeders with a complete yearly testicular cycle. The peak in reproductive activity is recorded during summer, the rutting period, with the highest levels of androgens and testicular weight. Melatonin plays a pivotal role in seasonal breeders by stimulating the hypothalamus–pituitary–gonads axis and acting locally; in different species, its synthesis within testes has been reported. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological melatonin pattern within roe deer testes by comparing data obtained from animals sampled during pre- and post-rut periods. Melatonin was quantified in testicular parenchyma, along with the genetic expression of enzymes involved in its local synthesis (AANAT and ASMT) and function (UCP1). Melatonin receptors, MT1-2, were quantified both at protein and gene expression levels. Finally, to assess changes in reproductive hormonal profiles, testicular dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) was quantified and used for a correlation analysis. Melatonin and AANAT were detected in all samples, without significant differences between pre- and post-rut periods. Despite DHEA levels confirming testicular involution during the post-rut period, no correlations appeared between such involution and melatonin pathways. This study represents the first report regarding melatonin synthesis in roe deer testes, opening the way for future prospective studies in the physiology of this species.

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