scholarly journals Povijest tuberkuloze

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-84
Author(s):  
Željko Cvetnić
Keyword(s):  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
John Keats ◽  
Frederic Chopin ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
La Traviata ◽  
Edvard Munch

Tuberkuloza je imala velik utjecaj na povijest čovječanstva pa tako i na umjetnost. Što bi umjetnički geniji iz svijeta književnosti, glazbe i slikarstva stvorili da nisu umrli vrlo mladi? U radu je prikazan utjecaj tuberkuloze na stvaranje umjetnika koji su bolovali od tuberkuloze. Tijekom romantizma pojavilo se mišljenje da tuberkuloza u oboljelih povećava kreativne sposobnosti. Među piscima koji su oboljeli od tuberkuloze bili su poznati njemački pisci: Wolfgang von Goethe, Friedrich Schiller i Georg Philipp Friedrich von Hardenberg. Tuberkulozan je bio i pisao o tubekulozi Lord Gordon Byron, a i Edgar Allan Poe je još kao dijete ostao bez roditelja oboljenih od tubekuloze, a i sam je umro od te bolesti. John Keats, engleski pjesnik, a i cijela njegova obitelj umrli su od tuberkuloze; od tuberkuloze je umro i ruski književnik Anton Pavlovič Čehov. Obitelj Brontë jedna je od najtragičnijih, ali isto tako i najtalentiranijih književnih obitelji. Svi su kao vrlo mladi umrli od tuberkuloze. Antun Branko Šimić, jedan od najvećih hrvatskih pjesnika, umro je od tuberkuloze u 27. godini života. Iako nije dugo živio, A. B. Šimić ostavio je iznimno bogati knjiženi opus. Mnogobrojna obitelj, otac i braća Ive Andrića književnika i dobitnika Nobelove nagrade za kniževnost umrli su od tuberkuloze, a i sam Ivo Andrić je dugo bolovao od te bolesti. U operama “La Traviata” Giuseppea Verdija i “La bohème” Giacoma Puccinija tematizirana je bolest toga vremena. tuberkuloza. Frederic Chopin, utjelovljenje je romantičarskog umjetnika, ne samo zbog pripadnosti stilskom razdoblju romantizma, već i zbog svog života ispunjenog događajima, osobnih i društvenih patnji. Umro je u 39. godini od tuberkuloze i uz velike je počasti pokopan na groblju Père Lachasie u Parizu, a njegovo je srce, potajno, prenijeto u Varšavu, gdje je uzidano u jedan stup crkve Svetoga Križa. Tuberkuloza je bila zastupljena i u likovnoj umjetnosti. Talijanski slikar Amadeo Modigliani, u početku svog umjetničkog rada želio je postati kipar, ali tjelesni napor prilikom klesanja, prašina i kašalj odvratili su ga od klesanja i vratili slikarstvu. Umro je od tuberkuloze u 36. godini života. Ferdinandu Hodleru, švicarskom slikaru, otac, majka, braća i sestre umrli su od tuberkuloze. Ovo teško iskustvo bolesti i smrti odrazilo se na njegovo slikarstvo. Edvard Munch, samouki norveški slikar bio je duboko pogođen smrću voljenih članova obitelji. Mračna raspoloženja tjeskobe i očaja ogledavaju se na njegovim platnima. Opisani su i mnogi hrvatski slikari oboljeli ili umrli od tuberkuloze: (Slava Raškaj umrla je u 29. godini života, Miroslav Kraljević u 28., Milan Steiner u 25., Tomislav Kolombar u 21. godina života). Usprkos njihovim kratkim životima, svaki je od njih ostvario izniman, cjelovit i znatan umjetnički opus.

Der Krimi in Literatur, Film und Serie

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Neuhaus
Keyword(s):  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Sherlock Holmes

Ein Blick in die Programme von Verlagen, Fernsehsendern und Filmanbietern zeigt, dass es kein populäreres Genre gibt als den Krimi. Allein von Agatha Christies Romanen wurden über zwei Milliarden Exemplare verkauft. Die Figur Sherlock Holmes gehört zu den frühesten Film- und Serienhelden und am Anfang der modernen Krimiliteratur stehen Erzählungen nicht nur von Edgar Allan Poe, sondern auch von Friedrich Schiller und E.T.A. Hoffmann. Erstmals wird der Versuch gewagt, an exemplarischen Beispielen aus Literatur, Film und Serie in den ‚ganzen‘ Krimi einzuführen – in Merkmale, Geschichte und Entwicklung. Die englischsprachige Krimitradition wird in die Darstellung mit einbezogen. Bisher hat sich die Forschung selten mit dem als trivial geltenden Genre beschäftigt. Ein genauerer Blick zeigt aber, dass der Krimi genauso anspruchsvolle Beispiele bereithält wie andere Genres.

The Look of Usher: Picturing a Story of Death

2018 ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
Evert Jan van Leeuwen
Keyword(s):  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Horror Films ◽  
Horror Film ◽  
States Of Mind ◽  
Emotional Feeling ◽  
Mise En Scene ◽  
Natural Forms ◽  
The Look ◽  
Subjective States ◽  
Edvard Munch

This chapter analyses the artistic aspects of House of Usher (1960) to reveal how Roger Corman's crew managed to successfully fuse the dark Romantic tradition to which Edgar Allan Poe belongs with a more expressionist horror film aesthetic that made the film more directly appealing to 1960s horror-movie audiences. Used in the context of low-budget horror films, expressionism should be understood as a term denoting ‘art which depends on free and obvious distortions of natural forms to convey emotional feeling’. House of Usher is not expressionistic because its frames resemble the art of Edvard Munch, but because its mise-en-scène is not naturalistic but functions as a visual vehicle for the expression of subjective states of mind and emotions. In developing House of Usher, Corman told his crew: ‘I never want to see “reality” in any of these scenes’. The décor of the Usher mansion is not designed for verisimilitude, but to give the audience a glimpse at the fear that lurks in the darkest corners of Roderick's psyche.

Psychologie im Kontext der Kybernetik und im Kontext des Sozialismus

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-113
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Schönpflug
Keyword(s):  
Friedrich Schiller

Die Kybernetik nach den Prinzipien der marxistisch-leninistischen Ideologie als Wissenschaft auszuarbeiten und zur Grundlage gegenstandsorientierter Forschung, Organisation und Planung zu machen, war ein Anliegen, das seit der zweiten Hälfte der 1950er Jahre in der DDR diskutiert wurde. Die SED hat unter Walter Ulbricht als ihrem Ersten Sekretär dieses Anliegen unterstützt. Nach der Machtübernahme durch Erich Honecker im Jahre 1971 hat die Partei jedoch die Kybernetik als universelles, gesellschaftspolitisches Programm verurteilt und nur noch als einzelwissenschaftlichen, technisch und ökonomisch orientierten Forschungsansatz gefördert. Als universeller Ansatz verstanden, der sich nach Disziplinen gliederte, schloss Kybernetik auch eine Kybernetische Psychologie ein, die in der DDR zunächst an der Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena betrieben und dann an die Humboldt-Universität Berlin verlagert wurde; die Forschungsgruppe „Kybernetik und Psychologie” der Humboldt-Universität erweiterte sich in die Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR, als dort ein Zentralinstitut für Kybernetik und Informationsprozesse gegründet wurde. Dargestellt werden das Projekt der kybernetisch orientierten Psychologie in den Jahren 1960 bis 1972, der gleichzeitige Entwurf eines sozialistischen Reformprogramms nach Grundsätzen der Kybernetik sowie die einschlägige Wissenschaftspolitik der DDR. Im Mittelpunkt der Diskussion steht die Frage der Kontextualität oder der Autonomie der Psychologie als wissenschaftliches Projekt. Wie weit war sie in die Kybernetik sowie in die Wissenschaftspolitik der DDR eingebunden? Wie weit hat sie in ihrem regionalen Umfeld Selbständigkeit genossen?

Edgar Allan Poe Matches Wits With One of the First Identified Serial Killers!

PsycCRITIQUES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 59 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Iaccino ◽  
Jennifer Dondero
Keyword(s):  
Edgar Allan Poe ◽  
Serial Killers

Şarlatan Yolcusu ve Göç Edebiyatı: Çatışma Modeli bağlamında bir okuma

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-184
Author(s):  
Onur Kemal Bazarkaya
Keyword(s):  
Johann Wolfgang Von Goethe ◽  
German Literature ◽  
Scientific Discourse ◽  
Friedrich Schiller ◽  
Migration Literature ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Christoph Martin Wieland ◽  
Conflict Model ◽  
Ideal Standards ◽  
And Migration

Orta Çağdan hemen sonra gelen Yeni Çağın başlarındaki bilimsel tartışmalarda şarlatanlar çok büyük bir önem taşırdı; çünkü o dönemde söz sahibi olan bilim insanları onları olumsuz örnekler olarak görür ve bu olumsuzlukları kullanarak bilim için ideal ölçütler saptarlardı. Bilimde bu şekilde “negatif figür” (Hole Rößler) olarak gösterilen şarlatanlar, edebiyatta daha çeşitli ve kompleks biçimlerde ortaya çıkmakta, hatta kimi zaman karizmatik kişilikler olarak tasvir edilmektedir. Bu durum özellikle şarlatan figürünün yoğun bir şekilde sahnelendiği Alman Edebiyatında 18. yüzyılın sonlarında, 19. yüzyılın başlarında görülmektedir. Aynı zamanda söz konusu devirde yazılmış eserlerdeki şarlatanların neredeyse hiçbirinin yerleşik yaşam insanı olmadığı göze çarpmaktadır. Bitmeyen yolculukları gibi bu bağlamda sürekli kıyafet değiştirmeleri ve rol yapmaları da onların kişiliklerine esrarengiz bir hava katmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Christoph Martin Wieland, Friedrich Schiller ve Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’ye ait eserlerdeki şarlatan karakterinin farklı işlevleri irdelenecektir. Çalışmanın sonucunda şimdiye kadar gözardı edilmiş şarlatan figürüyle birlikte Göç Edebiyatı kapsamındaki araştırmalara yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırmak hedeflendirmektedir.ABSTRACT IN ENGLISHCharlatan Traveller and Migration Literature: A Reading with the Conflict Model At the beginning of modern times, charlatans emerged as of great importance to the scientific discourse of those spokesmen of the scholar community who use them as negative examples and thus define ideal standards for their profession. Charlatans were seen as “negative figures” (Hole Rößler) in science; however, the way they were judged in literature was more complex and varied, and, in some texts, they even seem congenial and charismatic. This phenomenon can be noticed in German literature especially around 1800 when the charlatan figure is used very often. Moreover, it is conspicuous that charlatans in literary depictions of this period generally have no home and travel around constantly. Furthermore, the fact that they change their clothing and camouflage permanently offers to their identity a mysterious dimension. In the field of studies designated as ,Literature and Migration’, this paper aims to provide interpretative perspectives and, in this respect, examines the issue concerning the poetic functions of charlatan travellers as rendered textually in a number of relevant passages chosen from the works of Christoph Martin Wieland, Friedrich Schiller, and Johann Wolfgang von Goethe. 

John Keats and Indian Medicine

Romanticism ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166
Author(s):  
Nikki Hessell
Keyword(s):  
Medical Knowledge ◽  
John Keats ◽  
Specific Response ◽  
Medical Studies ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Medical Practices ◽  
Traditional Medicines ◽  
Medical Imagery ◽  
Indian Medicine ◽  
The Impact

John Keats's medical studies at Guy's Hospital coincided with a boom in interest in both the traditional medicines of the sub-continent and the experiences of British doctors and patients in India. Despite extensive scholarship on the impact of Keats's medical knowledge on his poetry, little consideration has been given to Keats's exposure to Indian medicine. The poetry that followed his time at Guy's contains numerous references to the contemporary state of knowledge about India and its medical practices, both past and present. This essay focuses on Isabella and considers the major sources of information about Indian medicine in the Regency. It proposes that some of Keats's medical imagery might be read as a specific response to the debates about medicine in the sub-continent.

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