scholarly journals Administrative reforms in Eastern Europe: A comparative legal analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (69) ◽  
pp. 814-831
Author(s):  
Stanislav V. Zlyvko ◽  
Valerii A. Bortniak ◽  
Kateryna V. Bortniak ◽  
Iryna P. Storozhuk ◽  
Roman Z. Holobutovskyy
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Unemployment Rate ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Efficiency Index ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
High Level

The objective of the article was to analyze the legal regulation of the decentralization reform in Eastern Europe and its impact on the unemployment rate. Methodologically, statistical analysis, hypothetical-deductive method and correlation were used. It was found that the first stage of the reform of the New Civil Service in Poland, Ukraine, Romania, the Czech Republic, Slovenia, Latvia, and Bulgaria began in 1990, but can be called an informal preparatory stage. It is determined that the process of implementation of administrative reforms is influenced by a series of factors: historical, economic, geographical. It is concluded that there is no positive correlation between the effectiveness of public administration and the effectiveness of local self-government in all the countries studied. The reform of decentralization has been shown to have a negative impact on employment. In addition, it found that Poland is the most stable country among those studied, with a high level of efficiency of local self-government. La more negative correlation between the efficiency index of local self-government and employment, and the most positive correlation between local and unemployment rate.

scholarly journals PRECARIAT IN SCIENCE AND RESEARCH: LEGAL AND PHILOSOPHIC COMPREHENSION OF THE ISSUE IN THE GLOBAL CHALLENGES PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 901-918
Author(s):  
Maria V. Zakharova ◽  
Vladimir I. Przhilenskiy
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Global Challenges ◽  
The Face ◽  
Basic Functions ◽  
Characteristic Features

The article investigates philosophico-theoretical issues of legal regulation of labor relations in the scientific and research sphere in connection with increasing precarization in Russia and the rest of the world. Particular emphasis is made on the analysis of characteristic features of science as a social institution and on assessing the potential negative impact of labor relations precarization on the capability of this institution to perform its basic functions in the face of global challenges. The purpose of the study is to look at the ways of preserving the functionality of research as an institution in the knowledge economy environment using the means and methods of legal regulation in Russia and other countries worldwide. The focus is made on combining the philosophical and legal methods of research with philosophical reflection preceded by a comparative legal analysis of legislative regulation and assessment of its social and legal efficiency. The study has resulted in identifying the peculiarities of governmental and legal regulation of science as a social institution in different countries in the face of grand challenges, as well as the measures taken in different countries to limit the negative impact of the knowledge economy together with the assessment of its socio-legal and politico-administrative effectiveness.

scholarly journals Problems of decentralization reform implementation in Ukraine and ways to solve them

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
M.I. Logvynenko ◽  
A.E. Tsymbal
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Focused Attention ◽  
Reform Implementation ◽  
Basic Law ◽  
Territorial Organization ◽  
Decentralization Reform ◽  
Definition Of

The present article deals with the decentralization reform in Ukraine, definition of basic concepts, in particular, «decentralization», «local self-government», «territorial community» has been installed, on the European Charter of Local Self-Government, as a fundamental international normative document, proclaiming the foundations of decentralization has been focused attention, the main conceptual document in the field of decentralization reform at the national level has been defined, problematic issues of decentralization reform implementation in Ukraine has been isolated, in the absence of a proper mechanism of legal regulation has been focused attention, after all, the new administrative-territorial system is not prescribed in the Constitution of Ukraine, on the inconsistency of the publicly announced goals of decentralization reform with the real actions of the authorities within the reform, contradictions regarding the legal status of the prefect in the system of renewed local self-government mechanism, irrationality of association of some territorial communities, legal unregulation of land decentralization procedure has been focused attention, negative impact of the consolidation of settlements, optimization of the network of medical institutions on life in territorial communities has been installed, issues of land decentralization and its consequences for citizens has been analyzed, bring in line the mechanism of legal regulation of issues related to decentralization reform, including, make appropriate changes to the Basic Law, adopt the Law «On the Principles of Administrative and Territorial Organization of Ukraine» and other legal acts necessary for the implementation of the reform has been suggested, on the need to bring national legislation into line with the European system of legal regulation has been emphasized, on the need to learn the experience of foreign countries in the field of decentralization reform has been focused attention, the expediency of revising the mechanism of community formation, which should be objective and consistent with the principle of economic efficiency has been installed, prospects for further research on the topic of decentralization reform in Ukraine has been defined.

EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION IN POST-SOVIET COUNTRIES. THE REPUBLIC OF LATVIA

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 99-118
Author(s):  
IRINA SENNIKOVA ◽  
◽  
ELINA DUBINSKA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Administration ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
State Building ◽  
The European Union ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Municipal Administration ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
The Republic ◽  
European Standards ◽  
High Level

The article studies the issues of state formation of the Republic of Latvia after gaining independence. The authors note that Latvia has retained the features of the normative legal regulation of the period of its independence as it was in 1918 and until the country became a part of the USSR. Today, as a member of the European Union, Latvia is oriented towards modern European standards of state-building. The ongoing administrative reforms are aimed at observing the rights and freedoms of citizens, achieving openness and sustainable development, and introducing digital technologies into state and municipal administration. The authors also note the low involvement of citizens in the processes of state and municipal administration, while municipal authorities maintain a fairly high level of trust among citizens. Analysis and optimization of processes, elimination of duplication of actions among state institutions, as well as reduction of the administrative burden have become an important part of the work of public administration. Also, according to the plan for reforming public administration, the quality and availability of public services for the population are constantly improving.

scholarly journals Legal Issues of the Economic Support of Environmental Management on the Example of the Best Available Technologies

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Nikolay S. Kudelkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Best Available Technologies ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Economic Process ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
High Level

The environment in the Russian Federation is exposing to a high level of negative impact from human activities. Analysis of legal regulation of environmental protection shows that minimizing and preventing negative impacts on the environment is a difficult task. To solve this issue, a new approach to the implementation of various activities is needed, including measures such as the introduction of the best available technologies in the economic process. A number of legislative changes are proposed, aimed at creating a legal basis for state support for enterprises that manufacture «environmental friendly machines and equipment».

scholarly journals Organizational foundations for operational and search prevention of crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (4) ◽  
pp. 148-156
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Sidorenko ◽  
Konstantin Maslennikov
Keyword(s):  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Management System ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Illegal Drug ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Psychotropic Substances ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
High Level

High level of drug criminality has a negative impact on economic and social stability, harms the national security of the state. Only operational and investigative activities, which have a complex structure of interconnected organizational and tactical elements, ensure in the face of the opposition from the criminal environment timely detection, prevention, suppression and disclosure of latent and camouflaged crimes committed in the sphere of illegal drug trafficking and psychotropic substances. The issues of organizing the activities of officers of operational units for the prevention and suppression of these crimes are the least regulated in departmental regulations. With the adoption of Federal Law, No. 182-FZ dated 23.06.2016 «About the basis of the crime prevention system in the Russian Federation» it is required to specify the tasks of operational search prevention and suppression of crimes under consideration. Taking into account the special nature of operational search information about persons involved in the illicit trafficking of narcotic substances, methods for identifying this information, in order to solve specified tasks, it is necessary to form an appropriate management system for the activities of officers of the operational units. Structurally, the management system provides for a set of mandatory elements and functional relationships that ensure a sufficient level of a separate unit efficiency. Priority tasks for the prevention of crimes committed in the field of illegal trafficking of drugs and psychotropic substances are highlighted in the article on the basis of the theoretical and legal analysis of the modern organization of the operational units’ activities of territorial bodies.

Modern challenges of border areas development in the context of decentralization reform

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-89
Author(s):  
Khrystyna Prytula ◽  
Yaroslava Kalat ◽  
Iryna Kyryk
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Economic Security ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Scientific Article ◽  
Border Regions ◽  
Border Areas ◽  
Decentralization Reform

An integral part of the implementation of any reform is the emergence of the risks of its negative impact on one or another area of region development. The decentralization reform in Ukraine is not an exception. In its the context the most probable occurrence of negative phenomena is in the border regions, which could be prevented by first detecting them. In the scientific article, the authors focus on the analysis of a number of challenges for the development of border regions in the context of decentralization reform. Given the territorial remoteness of the central regions of the country and the capital, which today serve as areas of concentration of investment and economic activity, the border regions traditionally (this is typical for the border areas of the EU member states) lag behind the rest of the regions by the main socio-economic indicators of development. Among the main challenges facing the border regions of Ukraine today are the following: the provision of competitiveness in the context of European integration processes and reduction of the border barrier function; low level of economic security; the outflow of human capital and the issue of ethnic minorities. Based on an expert survey of representatives of the fifteen united territorial communities (UTCs), the possibility of such risks of decentralization in the border regions were defined as following: groundless use of local budget funds; emergence of significant imbalances between delegated new authority and available financial resources of the community; increasing uneven development of territories within the community; increasing uneven development of communities within the country; deterioration of the availability and quality of providing educational and medical services; deterioration of the quality of local government; reducing of the state influence on the management of local development processes; radicalization of political unions representing the interests of ethnic minorities in places of their compact residence; further economic decline of the territory of communities and so on.

scholarly journals Treatment patterns and appropriateness of antipsychotic prescriptions in patients with schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Verónica Gamón ◽  
Isabel Hurtado ◽  
José Salazar-Fraile ◽  
Gabriel Sanfélix-Gimeno
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Treatment Patterns ◽  
Mental Condition ◽  
Comorbid Condition ◽  
Concomitant Treatment ◽  
Antipsychotic Medications ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
High Level

AbstractSchizophrenia is a chronic mental condition presenting a wide range of symptoms. Although it has a low prevalence compared to other mental conditions, it has a negative impact on social and occupational functions. This study aimed to assess the appropriateness of antipsychotic medications administered to schizophrenic patients and describe current treatment patterns for schizophrenia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted in all patients over the age of 15 with an active diagnosis of schizophrenia and treated with antipsychotics between 2008 and 2013 in the Valencia region. A total of 19,718 patients were eligible for inclusion. The main outcome assessed was inappropriateness of the pharmacotherapeutic management, including polypharmacy use. Altogether, 30.4% of patients received antipsychotic polypharmacy, and 6.8% were prescribed three or more antipsychotics. Overdosage affected 318 individuals (1.6%), and 21.5% used concomitant psychotropics without an associated psychiatric diagnosis. Women and people with a comorbid condition like anxiety or depression were less likely to receive antipsychotic polypharmacy. In contrast, increased polypharmacy was associated with concomitant treatment with other psychoactive drugs, and only in user on maintenance therapy, with more visits to the mental health hospital. Overall, we observed a high level of inappropriateness in antipsychotic prescriptions. Greater adherence to guidelines could maximize the benefits of antipsychotic medications while minimizing risk of adverse effects.

scholarly journals Overview of the Genetic Diversity of African Macrotermes (Termitidae: Macrotermitinae) and Implications for Taxonomy, Ecology and Food Science

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Egan ◽  
Zwannda Nethavhani ◽  
Barbara van Asch
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Food Science ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
African Species ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
High Level

Macrotermes termites play important ecological roles and are consumed by many communities as a delicacy and dietary complement throughout Africa. However, lack of reliable morphological characters has hampered studies of Macrotermes diversity in a wide range of scientific fields including ecology, phylogenetics and food science. In order to place our preliminary assessment of the diversity of Macrotermes in South Africa in context, we analysed a comprehensive dataset of COI sequences for African species including new and publicly available data. Phylogenetic reconstruction and estimates of genetic divergence showed a high level of incongruity between species names and genetic groups, as well as several instances of cryptic diversity. We identified three main clades and 17 genetic groups in the dataset. We propose that this structure be used as a background for future surveys of Macrotermes diversity in Africa, thus mitigating the negative impact of the present taxonomic uncertainties in the genus. The new specimens collected in Limpopo fell into four distinct genetic groups, suggesting that the region harbours remarkable Macrotermes diversity relative to other African regions surveyed in previous studies. This work shows that African Macrotermes have been understudied across the continent, and that the genus contains cryptic diversity undetectable by classic taxonomy. Furthermore, these results may inform future taxonomic revisions in Macrotermes, thus contributing to advances in termitology.

Slovak Simple Joint Stock Company – Critical Review and Preliminary Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mária Patakyová ◽  
Matej Kačaljak ◽  
Barbora Grambličková ◽  
Ján Mazúr ◽  
Patrícia Dutková
Keyword(s):  
Policy Maker ◽  
Critical Review ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Company Law ◽  
Joint Stock Company ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Stock Company ◽  
Preliminary Assessment ◽  
Legal Form ◽  
Innovative Potential

The aim of this paper is to describe a relatively new legal form of the simple joint stock company introduced into Slovak company law in 2017 and evaluate whether it may indeed be a suitable corporate vehicle for new companies with highly innovative potential (startups), or alternatively assess whether the legal form is suitable for other legal and business use cases; and explore and identify potential issues.Moreover, this paper provides an overview and legal analysis of the legal regulation of the simple joint stock company form in comparison with other legal company forms. The attractiveness of some of the key elements of the simple joint stock company’s regulation is verified by an empirical statistical method from public databases. Additionally, the article also provides an assessment as to what extent the identified objectives of the policy maker in relation to the introduction of the new legal form were achieved.

ESTABLISHMENT AND CURRENT STATE OF LEGISLATIVE SUPPORT OF WIND ENERGY IN UKRAINE

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karyna Karakhanian ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Wind Energy ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Alternative Energy Sources ◽  
World Energy

The article considers the legal basis for the formation and development of the country's energy sector, in particular, the issue of energy production from renewable sources, among which the leading place belongs to wind energy. The tendencies of the world energy market, which minimize the negative impact on the environment, as well as the tendencies of development of this branch in Ukraine are investigated. It was stated that for our country wind energy is one of the strategic directions of development of the sector of alternative energy sources, given the high dependence of the country on imported energy, primarily natural gas, and significant potential for wind power, taking into account the location, climate and terrain. However, unfortunately, the pace of development of wind energy in Ukraine still lags significantly behind European ones. It is noted that the legislative provision of the use of wind energy in Ukraine as a source of alternative energy is characterized primarily by the number of bylaws, general declarative legislation, as well as some inconsistencies in legal regulation. An analysis of current legislation and a number of regulations governing the development of the industry in general and wind energy in particular. A review of the norms that relate purely to the issues of the research area and their features and direction of legal regulation. In addition, it was stressed that Ukraine's accession to European initiatives, as well as borrowing international experience in this area should positively affect the energy balance and ensure the development of the sector, in particular, in the light of the need to create a full competitive environment in Ukraine's energy market; changes in heat generation by renewable energy sources and the full transformation of coal regions, which means the gradual closure of unprofitable enterprises with the parallel creation of alternative jobs in these regions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document