scholarly journals The absence of a pattern and the occurrences of another

2010 ◽  
Vol Vol. 12 no. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miklós Bóna
Keyword(s):  
Exact Enumeration ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Permutation Pattern ◽  
International Audience

International audience Following a question of J. Cooper, we study the expected number of occurrences of a given permutation pattern q in permutations that avoid another given pattern r. In some cases, we find the pattern that occurs least often, (resp. most often) in all r-avoiding permutations. We also prove a few exact enumeration formulae, some of which are surprising.

scholarly journals Stochastic Flips on Dimer Tilings

2010 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AM,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fernique ◽  
Damien Regnault
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Point ◽  
Markov Process ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Triangular Grid ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Average Case ◽  
International Audience

International audience This paper introduces a Markov process inspired by the problem of quasicrystal growth. It acts over dimer tilings of the triangular grid by randomly performing local transformations, called $\textit{flips}$, which do not increase the number of identical adjacent tiles (this number can be thought as the tiling energy). Fixed-points of such a process play the role of quasicrystals. We are here interested in the worst-case expected number of flips to converge towards a fixed-point. Numerical experiments suggest a $\Theta (n^2)$ bound, where $n$ is the number of tiles of the tiling. We prove a $O(n^{2.5})$ upper bound and discuss the gap between this bound and the previous one. We also briefly discuss the average-case.

scholarly journals Paths of specified length in random k-partite graphs

2001 ◽  
Vol Vol. 4 no. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.R. Subramanian
Keyword(s):  
Random Graphs ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Vertex Set ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Simple Paths ◽  
Positive Integers

International audience Fix positive integers k and l. Consider a random k-partite graph on n vertices obtained by partitioning the vertex set into V_i, (i=1, \ldots,k) each having size Ω (n) and choosing each possible edge with probability p. Consider any vertex x in any V_i and any vertex y. We show that the expected number of simple paths of even length l between x and y differ significantly depending on whether y belongs to the same V_i (as x does) or not. A similar phenomenon occurs when l is odd. This result holds even when k,l vary slowly with n. This fact has implications to coloring random graphs. The proof is based on establishing bijections between sets of paths.

scholarly journals Upper bounds on the non-3-colourability threshold of random graphs

2002 ◽  
Vol Vol. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolaos Fountoulakis ◽  
Colin McDiarmid
Keyword(s):  
Random Graph ◽  
Random Graphs ◽  
Upper Bounds ◽  
Average Degree ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Minor Improvement

International audience We present a full analysis of the expected number of 'rigid' 3-colourings of a sparse random graph. This shows that, if the average degree is at least 4.99, then as n → ∞ the expected number of such colourings tends to 0 and so the probability that the graph is 3-colourable tends to 0. (This result is tight, in that with average degree 4.989 the expected number tends to ∞.) This bound appears independently in Kaporis \textitet al. [Kap]. We then give a minor improvement, showing that the probability that the graph is 3-colourable tends to 0 if the average degree is at least 4.989.

scholarly journals Hopf algebra of permutation pattern functions

2014 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AT,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannic Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Hopf Algebra ◽  
Hopf Algebras ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Algebraic Combinatorics ◽  
Permutation Patterns ◽  
Permutation Pattern ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Pattern Functions

International audience We study permutation patterns from an algebraic combinatorics point of view. Using analogues of the classical shuffle and infiltration products for word, we define two new Hopf algebras of permutations related to the notion of permutation pattern. We show several remarkable properties of permutation patterns functions, as well their occurrence in other domains.

scholarly journals The topology of the permutation pattern poset

2014 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AT,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter McNamara ◽  
Einar Steingrımsson
Keyword(s):  
Homotopy Type ◽  
Recursive Formula ◽  
Large Classes ◽  
Permutation Pattern ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Rooted Forest ◽  
Carry Over ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Separable Permutations ◽  
Pattern Containment

International audience The set of all permutations, ordered by pattern containment, forms a poset. This extended abstract presents the first explicit major results on the topology of intervals in this poset. We show that almost all (open) intervals in this poset have a disconnected subinterval and are thus not shellable. Nevertheless, there seem to be large classes of intervals that are shellable and thus have the homotopy type of a wedge of spheres. We prove this to be the case for all intervals of layered permutations that have no disconnected subintervals of rank 3 or more. We also characterize in a simple way those intervals of layered permutations that are disconnected. These results carry over to the poset of generalized subword order when the ordering on the underlying alphabet is a rooted forest. We conjecture that the same applies to intervals of separable permutations, that is, that such an interval is shellable if and only if it has no disconnected subinterval of rank 3 or more. We also present a simplified version of the recursive formula for the Möbius function of decomposable permutations given by Burstein et al.

scholarly journals Sorting and preimages of pattern classes

2012 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AR,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Claesson ◽  
Henning Úlfarsson
Keyword(s):  
Permutation Pattern ◽  
International Audience ◽  
New Type ◽  
Standing Problem

International audience We introduce an algorithm to determine when a sorting operation, such as stack-sort or bubble-sort, outputs a given pattern. The algorithm provides a new proof of the description of West-2-stack-sortable permutations, that is permutations that are completely sorted when passed twice through a stack, in terms of patterns. We also solve the long-standing problem of describing West-3-stack-sortable permutations. This requires a new type of generalized permutation pattern we call a decorated pattern. On introduit un algorithme qui détermine quand un opérateur de tri (tels que le tri par une pile, ou le tri-bulle) produit un motif donnè en sortie. Cet algorithme fournit une nouvelle preuve de la caractérisation des permutations 2-triables au sens de West (c'est-à-dire des permutations qui sont triées complètement par deux passages dans une pile) par des motifs interdits. On résout aussi le problème longtemps ouvert de la caractérisation des permutations 3-triables au sens de West. Ceci demande de définir un nouveau type de motifs généralisés, appelè motif décoré.

scholarly journals On an open problem of Green and Losonczy: exact enumeration of freely braided permutations

2004 ◽  
Vol Vol. 6 no. 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toufik Mansour
Keyword(s):  
Representation Theory ◽  
Generating Function ◽  
Coxeter Group ◽  
Upper Bound ◽  
Open Problem ◽  
Special Class ◽  
Exact Enumeration ◽  
Restricted Permutations ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Freely Braided

International audience Recently, Green and Losonczy~GL1,GL2 introduced \emphfreely braided permutation as a special class of restricted permutations has arisen in representation theory. The freely braided permutations were introduced and studied as the upper bound for the number of commutation classes of reduced expressions for an element of a simply laced Coxeter group is achieved if and only if when the element is freely braided. In this paper, we prove that the generating function for the number of freely braided permutations in S_n is given by \par (1-3x-2x^2+(1+x)√1-4x) / (1-4x-x^2+(1-x^2)√1-4x).\par

scholarly journals A Sequential Search Distribution: Proofreading, Russian Roulette, and the Incomplete q-Eulerian Polynomials

2001 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AA,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Herbranson ◽  
Don Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Sequential Search ◽  
Symmetric Polynomials ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Eulerian Polynomials ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Player Game

International audience The distribution for the number of searches needed to find k of n lost objects is expressed in terms of a refinement of the q-Eulerian polynomials, for which formulae are developed involving homogeneous symmetric polynomials. In the case when k=n and the find probability remains constant, relatively simple and efficient formulas are obtained.From our main theorem, we further (1) deduce the inverse absorption distribution and (2) determine the expected number of times the survivor pulls the trigger in an n-player game of Russian roulette.

scholarly journals Strange Expectations and Simultaneous Cores

2020 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings, 28th... ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Thiel ◽  
Nathan Williams
Keyword(s):  
Weyl Groups ◽  
Polynomial Method ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Ehrhart Theory ◽  
Affine Weyl Groups ◽  
De Vries ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Third Moment ◽  
Unique Core

International audience Let gcd(a, b) = 1. J. Olsson and D. Stanton proved that the maximum number of boxes in a simultaneous (a, b)-core is (a2 −1)(b2 −1) 24, and showed that this maximum is achieved by a unique core. P. Johnson combined Ehrhart theory with the polynomial method to prove D. Armstrong's conjecture that the expected number of boxes in a simultaneous (a, b)-core is (a−1)(b−1)(a+b+1) 24. We apply P. Johnson's method to compute the variance and third moment. By extending the definitions of “simultaneous cores” and “number of boxes” to affine Weyl groups, we give uniform generalizations of these formulae to simply-laced affine types. We further explain the appearance of the number 24 using the “strange formula” of H. Freudenthal and H. de Vries.

scholarly journals The weighted words collector

2012 ◽  
Vol DMTCS Proceedings vol. AQ,... (Proceedings) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémie Du Boisberranger ◽  
Danièle Gardy ◽  
Yann Ponty
Keyword(s):  
Waiting Time ◽  
Waiting Times ◽  
General Theorem ◽  
General Version ◽  
Real Numbers ◽  
Expected Number ◽  
Positive Real ◽  
Coupon Collector ◽  
International Audience ◽  
Expected Waiting Time

International audience We consider the word collector problem, i.e. the expected number of calls to a random weighted generator before all the words of a given length in a language are generated. The originality of this instance of the non-uniform coupon collector lies in the, potentially large, multiplicity of the words/coupons of a given probability/composition. We obtain a general theorem that gives an asymptotic equivalent for the expected waiting time of a general version of the Coupon Collector. This theorem is especially well-suited for classes of coupons featuring high multiplicities. Its application to a given language essentially necessitates knowledge on the number of words of a given composition/probability. We illustrate the application of our theorem, in a step-by-step fashion, on four exemplary languages, whose analyses reveal a large diversity of asymptotic waiting times, generally expressible as $\kappa \cdot m^p \cdot (\log{m})^q \cdot (\log \log{m})^r$, for $m$ the number of words, and $p, q, r$ some positive real numbers.

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