scholarly journals Does nestbox type significantly alter the ectoparasitic load and breeding success in the nests of secondary-cavity-nesting passerines, at Nagshead, Forest of Dean?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Thomas Blunsden
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Breeding Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pied Flycatcher ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Risk Of Predation ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pine Martens ◽  
Blowfly Pupae ◽  
Ectoparasite Load

This research aims to find if nestbox type causes a significant difference in the ectoparasite load and breeding success rate in the nests for four co-occurring secondary cavity nesting passerines, breeding in nestboxes at Nagshead Nature Reserve, Forest of Dean. The different nestbox types used in this study are old and new standard wooden nestboxes and deep nestboxes, which are designed to reduced predation. Nests were taken from nestboxes used by Blue Tit (Cyanistes caeruleus), Great Tit (Parus major), Nuthatch (Sitta Europaea) and Pied Flycatcher (Ficedula hypoleuca) by Nestbox Species Surveyors at the end of the 2019 breeding season, and later dissected to determine ectoparasite abundance and nest composition. Nest data collected by Nestbox Species Surveyors was used to calculate the breeding success rate. Population of woodland birds in 2018 was found to be overall 29% than in 1970. Deforestation and habitat management are causes in the reduction of nesting sites available for woodland bird species. Pine Martens (Martes martes), a known predator to secondary cavity nesting birds, were reintroduced into the Forest of Dean in September 2019. Individuals using nestboxes are at a potential increased risk of predation as nestboxes are accessible to Pine Martens. The abundance of adult Hen Fleas and Blowfly pupae in deep nestboxes was found to be significantly higher compared to the nestbox types. Nuthatch nests were found to have the highest mean abundance of adult Hen Fleas, while Pied Flycatcher nests had the highest mean abundance of Blowfly pupae, compared to the other species. Leaves as a nest material were found to have a significant influence and negative correlation with both ectoparasites mentioned. Breeding success rate in standard new boxes was significantly lower than the other nestbox types, with no significant difference occurring between deep and standard old nestboxes. Breeding success in Nuthatch nests were found to be significantly lower than the other avian study species potential linking the increased abundance of adult Hen Fleas previously found. Leaves were found to be significantly influencing and positively correlating with breeding success. These findings add to the data and knowledge about the difference in ectoparasite load and breeding success between nestbox types and the secondary cavity nest passerines, which use these nestboxes. This study also opens up potential for recommended future studies to be carried out at Nagshead.

The Effects of 3 Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter Insertion Techniques in Chinese Patients With Different Vascular Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Yuan ◽  
Rong Fu ◽  
Rong-Mei Li ◽  
Miao-Miao Guo ◽  
Xiang-Yu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
The Other ◽  
Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter ◽  
Central Catheter ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Insertion Technique ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Insertion Techniques ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Vascular Status

Abstract Objective: To provide evidence for selecting an appropriate peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) insertion technique by comparing the insertion success rate and the incidence of complications with 3 PICC insertion techniques. Methods: We assigned enrolled patients to 3 groups according to the insertion technique selected by the individual patient: Group A, usual insertion technique (traditional, blind insertion); Group B, Modified Seldinger Technique (MST) insertion without ultrasound guidance; and group C, ultrasound-guided MST insertion. We compared the insertion success rate and the incidence of complications among these groups. Results: When comparing these 3 PICC insertion techniques, no significant difference was seen with respect to the insertion success rate and the incidence of catheter malposition (P > 0.05), although a significant difference existed in the incidence of bleeding at the insertion site after the PICC procedure (P < 0.05), with the ultrasound-guided MST insertion technique superior to the other 2 techniques; the incidence of mechanical phlebitis and catheter occlusion during the use of PICC had no significant difference among the 3 groups (P > 0.05); but a significant difference was seen in the incidence of thrombosis and catheter-related infections (P < 0.05), with a lower incidence in the ultrasound-guided MST insertion group than that in the other 2 groups. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided MST insertion technique may address the problems occurring in patients with poor vascular access during the PICC procedure, whereas the usual insertion technique is the best choice for patients with good vascular access and poor economic status. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate insertion technique should be based on the economic and vascular status of the individual patient in clinical practice.

scholarly journals Feasibility of a progressive protocol of high-intensity interval training for overweight/obese, sedentary African American women: a retrospective analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Avigdor D. Arad ◽  
Jeanine B. Albu ◽  
Fred J. DiMenna
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Exercise Adherence ◽  
Interval Training ◽  
The Other ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
High Intensity Interval Training ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
High Intensity Interval

Abstract Background African American (AA) women have a higher prevalence of obesity and related metabolic dysfunction and lower level of physical activity compared to white counterparts. Determining feasible exercise alternatives for AA women is, therefore, paramount. Time-efficient high-intensity interval training (HIIT) might be particularly suited for AA women who cite time constraints as a frequent barrier to exercise adherence. The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of a 14-week progressive HIIT protocol for previously-sedentary overweight/obese AA women. Methods Twenty-eight healthy, premenopausal (age, 20–40 yr), sedentary, nondiabetic, overweight/obese AA women volunteered to participate in the randomized controlled clinical trial from which these data were retrospectively analysed. After assessment, participants were randomly allocated to a HIIT group (n = 14) or a no-exercise control group. The HIIT intervention consisted of 24-min sessions performed three times per week for 14 weeks during which work-interval intensity (75 to 90% of heart rate reserve; HRR) and duration (30 to 60 s) and work/recovery ratio (1:7 to 1:3) were progressed in four stages. Feasibility was assessed based on adherence (attrition rate), perceptual response (RPE) and success rate, which was calculated based on the degree to which target intensities for work intervals were achieved/maintained. Results Five of 14 participants (35%) in the HIIT group dropped out during the intervention. One-way repeated-measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference across stages for success rate (p = 0.018) with post-hoc analysis indicating a significant difference between stage 1 and the other stages and stage 4 and the other stages. There was no significant difference in RPE across stages (p = 0.057). Conclusion Albeit based on a limited number of participants, we found an attrition rate that was higher than what has been reported previously for HIIT (~ 17.6%) when previously-sedentary overweight/obese AA women performed a protocol with work-interval intensity progressed from 75 to 90% HRR during a 14-week intervention. With respect to intensity, the precipitous drop for achievement of the target HR during the fourth stage (weeks 8–14) for those who did complete the protocol implies that it might be advisable to restrict work-interval intensity to < 90% HRR. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov. (NCT04293367). Registered 03 March 2020 – Retrospectively registered.

Cavity Length Affects the Occupation of Trap-Nests by Centris analis and Tetrapedia diversipes (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

Sociobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 261
Author(s):  
Claudia Oliveira Santos ◽  
Paulo Enrique Cardoso Peixoto ◽  
Cândida Maria Lima Aguiar
Keyword(s):  
Cavity Length ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Other ◽  
Pollination Service ◽  
Cavity Nesting ◽  
Trap Nests ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tetrapedia Diversipes ◽  
Trap Nest ◽  
The Ideal

The ideal cavity dimensions for neotropical cavity-nesting bees with the potential to be managed as pollinators have not been getting proper attention. We investigated whether the occupancy of trap-nests by Centris analis Fabricius and Tetrapedia diversipes Klug, and other nesting aspects, are affected by different trap-nest length. The used trap-nests were cardboard tubes 5, 10, 15 and 20 cm in length, and Ø 8 mm. Occupation rates of 10-cm trap-nests by C. analis was higher than that of the 5-cm ones (χ2=11.17, gl=1, p<0.001). On the other hand, there was not difference between the occupation rates of 10 and 15-cm long trap-nests (χ2=0.51, gl=1, p=0.48), and between the ones measuring 15 and 20 cm long (χ2=1.36, gl=1, p=0.24). T. diversipes occupied a smaller number of 5-cm trap-nests than the 10-cm ones (χ2=1.52, gl=1, p=0.22), as well as that the 15-cm ones were more occupied than the 10-cm trap-nests (χ2=4.23, gl=1, p=0.04); moreover, there was not difference between the occupation of 15 and 20-cm trap-nests (χ2=0.28, gl=1, p=0.59). Both species showed higher rates of dead immatures in nests set in the shortest trap-nests, whereas these mortality rates were lower in the longest ones. By taking into consideration that there was not significant difference in many of the assessed parameters in comparison to values recorded for 15 and 20-cm long trap-nests, it seems likely to recommend the adoption of 10-cm long trap-nests for C. analis reproduction in agricultural sites that depend on the pollination service provided by this bees species.

scholarly journals Methotrexate in Unruptured Ectopic Pregnancy: Comparing the Single- and Double-dose Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nazli Navali ◽  
Nasim Jabbari Asl ◽  
Sanaz Moosavi
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Ectopic Pregnancy ◽  
Success Rate ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Treatment Success ◽  
The Other ◽  
Double Dose ◽  
Dose Treatment ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Β Hcg

Introduction: Ectopic pregnancy (EP) poses a great threat to pregnant women, and in case of misdiagnosis could lead to catastrophic death of the patients. EP patients tend to be treated with surgical or non-surgical treatments. One of the most common therapies in managing EP is Methotrexate (MTX), which the efficacy of its single- and double-dose treatments will be evaluated in this study. Methods: One-hundred and twenty patients with EP, diagnosed in AL-Zahra hospital in Tabriz, Iran, were involved in the study and were divided, randomly, into two groups of 60 (though 4 of the patients in the second group left the study due to discontent, afterwards). For the first group 50 milligrams (mg) of intramuscular (IM) single-dose MTX was prescribed, while for the second group two doses of 50 mg IM MTX were prescribed. The levels of β-hCG were evaluated before the treatment, in the fourth and seventh days, and second and fourth weeks after the treatment. In addition, sonographic findings, clinical symptoms before the treatment, and side effects after treatment were recorded. Results: Success rate for the single-dose group was 85%, while for the double-dose group was 94.6%. However, there was no statistically significant difference between two groups. In addition, there were no significant relations between 2 groups in endometrial thickness, presence of abdominal free fluid and gestational age with the success rate. Regardless, the initial level of β-hCG was an indicator of treatment success rate. In patients with double-dose MTX, required period of time for β-hCG levels to reduce down to zero was significantly lower than the other group. Cut-off point for success rate with single-dose MTX was 3350, with the sensitivity of 88.9% and specificity of 76.5% and for the other group it was 3894.5, with the sensitivity of 66.7% and specificity of 71.7%. Conclusion: No significant difference was observed between single- and double-dose MTX groups in treating EP. The initial levels of β-hCG and mass size were the only factors to predict the treatment success rate. Double-dose regimen lowered β-hCG down to zero earlier than single-dose. Based on Cut-off points, while the initial β-hCG level was below 3350, single-dose treatment was efficient, whereas, between 3350 and 3894.5, double-dose treatment

Writing in Aphasia Rehabilitation: Cursive vs Manuscript

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Boone ◽  
Harold M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Correct Response ◽  
The Other ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Writing Style ◽  
Reading And Writing ◽  
Manual Responses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Written Form ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Read Number

Reading and writing performance was observed in 30 adult aphasic patients to determine whether there was a significant difference when stimuli and manual responses were varied in the written form: cursive versus manuscript. Patients were asked to read aloud 10 words written cursively and 10 words written in manuscript form. They were then asked to write on dictation 10 word responses using cursive writing and 10 words using manuscript writing. Number of words correctly read, number of words correctly written, and number of letters correctly written in the proper sequence were tallied for both cursive and manuscript writing tasks for each patient. Results indicated no significant difference in correct response between cursive and manuscript writing style for these aphasic patients as a group; however, it was noted that individual patients varied widely in their success using one writing form over the other. It appeared that since neither writing form showed better facilitation of performance, the writing style used should be determined according to the individual patient’s own preference and best performance.

Multi-Center Study of Thromboplastin Calibration Precision – Influence of Reagent Species, Composition, and International Sensitivity Index (ISI)

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (01) ◽  
pp. 035-040 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M H P van den Besselaar ◽  
R M Bertina
Keyword(s):  
Oral Anticoagulants ◽  
International Normalized Ratio ◽  
The Other ◽  
World Health ◽  
Rabbit Brain ◽  
Sensitivity Index ◽  
Bovine Plasma ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
International Sensitivity Index

SummaryFour thromboplastin reagents were tested by 18 laboratories in Europe, North-America, and Australasia, according to a detailed protocol. One thromboplastin was the International Reference Preparation for ox brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (coded OBT/79), and the second was a certified reference material for rabbit brain thromboplastin, plain (coded CRM 149R). The other two thromboplastin reagents were another rabbit plain brain thromboplastin (RP) with a lower ISI than CRM 149R and a rabbit brain thromboplastin combined with adsorbed bovine plasma (RC). Calibration of the latter two reagents was performed according to methods recommended by the World Health Organization (W. H. O.).The purpose of this study was to answer the following questions: 1) Is the calibration of the RC reagent more precise against the bovine/combined (OBT/79) than against the rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R)? 2) Is the precision of calibration influenced by the magnitude of the International Sensitivity Index (ISI)?The lowest inter-laboratory variation of ISI was observed in the calibration of the rabbit/plain reagent (RP) against the other rabbit/plain reagent (CRM 149R) (CV 1.6%). The highest interlaboratory variation was obtained in the calibration of rabbit/plain (RP) against bovine/combined (OBT/79) (CV 5.1%). In the calibration of the rabbit/combined (RC) reagent, there was no difference in precision between OBT/79 (CV 4.3%) and CRM 149R (CV 4.2%). Furthermore, there was no significant difference in the precision of the ISI of RC obtained with CRM 149R (ISI = 1.343) and the rabbit/plain (RP) reagent with ISI = 1.14. In conclusion, the calibration of RC could be performed with similar precision with either OBT/79 or CRM 149R, or RP.The mean ISI values calculated with OBT/79 and CRM 149R were practically identical, indicating that there is no bias in the ISI of these reference preparations and that these reference preparations have been stable since their original calibration studies in 1979 and 1987, respectively.International Normalized Ratio (INR) equivalents were calculated for a lyophilized control plasma derived from patients treated with oral anticoagulants. There were small but significant differences in the mean INR equivalents between the bovine and rabbit thromboplastins. There were no differences in the interlaboratory variation of the INR equivalents, when the four thromboplastins were compared.

IMMUNOLOGICAL REACTIVITY OF INSULIN IN HUMAN SERUM

1966 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 673-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Deckert ◽  
Kai R. Jorgensen
Keyword(s):  
Normal Subjects ◽  
The Other ◽  
Human Pancreas ◽  
Porcine Pancreas ◽  
Crystalline Insulin ◽  
Endogenous Insulin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Sera ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The One

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a difference could be demonstrated between crystalline insulin extracted from normal human pancreas, and crystalline insulin extracted from bovine and porcine pancreas. Using Hales & Randle's (1963) immunoassay no immunological differences could be demonstrated between human and pig insulin. On the other hand, a significant difference was found, between pig and ox insulin. An attempt was also made to determine whether an immunological difference could be demonstrated between crystalline pig insulin and crystalline human insulin from non diabetic subjects on the one hand and endogenous, circulating insulin from normal subjects, obese subjects and diabetic subjects on the other. No such difference was found. From these experiments it is concluded that endogenous insulin in normal, obese and diabetic human sera is immunologically identical with human, crystalline insulin from non diabetic subjects and crystalline pig insulin.

Pengaruh Luka Iris Pada Tikus Dengan Paparan Hidrogen Peroxida 3% terhadap Epitelisasi dan Pembentukan Eksudat pada Permukaan Epitel Kulit.

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
HARMAN AGUSAPUTRA ◽  
MARIA SUGENG ◽  
AYLY SOEKAMTO ◽  
ATIK WULANDARI
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
The Other ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Peroxide Group ◽  
Hemostatic Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Wound Healing Effect ◽  
Epithelial Growth

<p><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p><strong>Background:</strong> Hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) as antiseptic has been used frequently to clean woundsin in hospitals and clinics. Hydrogen peroxide has the effectof strong oxidative that can kill pathogens. It can clean up debris and necrotic tissuesin wounds. Hydrogen peroxidealso has hemostatic effect that can help to stop bleeding. Besides antiseptic effects, hydrogen peroxide i s suspected of having negative effect in wound healing. Hydrogen peroxide presumably could cause delayed wound healing by exudate formation and delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Method</strong>: This study was conducted in the laboratory using 48 white mice that were divided into 2 groups. All the mice were purposely wounded. Afterwards in one group the wounds were clean up using hydrogen peroxide, while in the other group without hydrogen peroxide as control. The wounds of both groups were observed on day 1, day 3 and day 7. On day 1 and day 3, both groups did not show significant difference.</p><p><strong>R</strong><strong>esult</strong> : on day 7 showed that the wound healing in hydrogen peroxide group were delayed. Fifty percent of them had the formation of exudate and 62.5% of them showed delayed epithelial growth.</p><p><strong>Conclusion </strong>: This study could show hydrogen peroxide as wound antiseptic has delayed wound healing effect.</p><p><strong>Keyword</strong>: hydrogen peroxide, wound healing</p>

Success Rate of Obturation of Root Canals by Different Techniques in Primary Molars: A Comparative Clinical Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Satyawan G. Damle ◽  
Ritika Bansal ◽  
Dhanashree D. Sakhare
Keyword(s):  
Success Rate ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Primary Molars ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Comparative Clinical Study

Objective: To compare the success rate of different obturation procedures in primary mandibular second molars clinically and also by digital radiovisiography. Methods: A total of 40 children aged between 4-8 years with deeply carious mandibular second primary molars indicated for single session pulpectomy were selected. Canals were obturated with Metapex. The 3 study groups (Endodontic plugger, Handheld lentulospiral, Navi Tip syringe) were compared with the control group (reamer) both clinically and radiovisiographically. The data collected were statistically analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test. Results: The use of Navi tip syringe led to the least number of voids followed by Endodontic plugger and Reamer and the highest number of voids was reported with Lentulospiral. Navitip presented maximum number of optimally filled cases followed by Endodontic plugger and Lentulospiral and least number of optimally filled cases with reamer. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.05) in any of the groups with clinical (pain and tenderness to percussion) and radiographic parameters (presence or absence of voids and length of obturation). Conclusion: Within the limitations of the present study, though the clinical outcome was statistically insignificant, Navitip syringe exhibited encouraging results and is a promising option for obturation in primary teeth.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Immediate Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel Following Application of Various Antioxidant Solutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 05 (02) ◽  
pp. 084-089
Author(s):  
Alisha Dhingra ◽  
Ashu Gupta ◽  
Anshu Minocha ◽  
Nayantara Sen
Keyword(s):  
Bond Strength ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
Grape Seed Extract ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Ascorbate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group I ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the reversal of shear bond strength of composite to bleached enamel immediately after bleaching followed by application of various antioxidant solutions. Material and Methods: Seventy central incisors were divided into seven groups. Groups I and II served as unbleached and bleached controls respectively. Groups III, IV, V, VI and VII served as the experimental groups and were subjected to 37.5% hydrogen peroxide bleaching followed by 10 min application of 10% sodium ascorbate, 25% alpha-tocopherol, 6.5% grape seed extract, 5% lycopene and 5% green tea extract respectively. Following composite bonding, shear bond strength was determined and the results were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Post Hoc Multiple Comparisons test. Results: The bond strength values for Group I (positive control) were maximum and significantly different than all the other groups except Grape seed extract group (Group V). When compared to Group II (bleached control), all the groups showed significantly higher bond strength. Significant difference in the bond strength values were seen between Group III (10% sodium ascorbate) and Group V. Also values for Group V were significantly different from Group VI (5% lycopene). All the other values showed insignificantly different results. Conclusion: All the antioxidant solutions improved the shear bond strength values after bleaching but only Grape seed extract application reversed the values to the non bleached levels. Lycopene was least effective. Other antioxidants showed comparable results.

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