scholarly journals Application of cell immobilization technology to promote nitritation: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pattaraporn Kunapongkiti ◽  
Chaiwat Rongsayamanont ◽  
Panida Nayramitsattha ◽  
Tawan Limpiyakorn
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Immobilization Technology ◽  
Operating Strategies ◽  
Number Of Publications

Nitritation, the oxidation of ammonia to nitrite without subsequent oxidation to nitrate, is a starting step for nitrite-based nitrogen removal approaches. This process can be induced by maintaining specific operating conditions that facilitate ammonia oxidation but deteriorate nitrite oxidation. In recent years, a number of publications have demonstrated the ability of cell immobilization to maintain nitritation and an oxygen-limiting strategy was suggested to be a key to the success of the approach. However, several aspects related to the success and failure of such systems remains unclear and requires further in-depth clarification. This review provides current information on the utilization of cell immobilization in nitritation reactors. Common operating strategies that promote nitritation by controlling environmental conditions are summarized in the first part of the review. The application of cell immobilization, including cell attachment, cell granulation, and cell entrapment systems, as well as microenvironments, and microbial distributions within cell immobilization matrices, are elaborated in the middle part of the review. Problems encountered in the operation of nitritation reactors using cell immobilization are discussed as opportunities for further research at the end of the review.

Model experiments on improving nitrogen removal in laboratory scale subsurface constructed wetlands by enhancing the anaerobic ammonia oxidation

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 145-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Paredes ◽  
P. Kuschk ◽  
F. Stange ◽  
R.A. Müller ◽  
H. Köser
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Scale ◽  
Synthetic Wastewater ◽  
Scale Model ◽  
Model Experiments ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Ammonia ◽  
Process Strategy

Anaerobic ammonia oxidation (Anammox) has been identified as a new general process-strategy for nitrogen removal in wastewater treatment. In order to evaluate the role and effects of the Anammox process in wetlands, laboratory-scale model experiments were performed with planted fixed bed reactors. A reactor (planted with Juncus effusus) was fed with synthetic wastewater containing 150–200 mg L−1 NH+4 and 75–480 mg L−1 NO−2. Under these operating conditions, the plants were affected by the high ammonia and nitrite concentrations and the nitrogen removal rate fell within the same range of 45–49 mg N d−1 (equivalent to 0.64–0.70 g Nm−2d−1) as already reported by other authors. In order to stimulate the rate of nitrogen conversion, the planted reactor was inoculated with Anammox biomass. As a result, the rate of nitrogen removal was increased 4–5-fold and the toxic effects on the plants also disappeared. The results show that, in principle, subsurface flow wetlands can also function as an “Anammox bioreactor”. However, the design of a complete process for the treatment of waters with a high ammonia load and, in particular, the realisation of simple technical solutions for partial nitrification have still to be developed.

scholarly journals Experimental study on the influencing factors of SBBR nitrosation controlled by sodium chlorate inhibitor

2020 ◽  
Vol 218 ◽  
pp. 03030
Author(s):  
Yafeng Li ◽  
Chong Gao ◽  
Jianbo Wu
Keyword(s):  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Sodium Chlorate ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Reaction Conditions ◽  
Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
High Ammonia

The research takes low C/N ratio sewage as the research object, and quickly realizes the accumulation of nitrite nitrogen by adding inhibitors into the SBBR reactor, and realizes the nitrogen removal by anaerobic ammonia oxidation in the reactor. Determining the optimal operating parameters is of farreaching significance for the treatment of wastewater with high ammonia nitrogen and low C/N and achieving economical and efficient nitrogen removal. Control the ammonia oxidation reaction, keep the nitrification process in the nitrosation stage, and realize the rapid accumulation of NO2--N is the problem that the reactor needs to solve. This experiment uses a combination of batch test and periodic test to conduct experimental research on various influencing factors in the partial nitrosation process: temperature, pH, DO and find the best operating conditions to achieve high-efficiency accumulation of NO2--N and optimize the reaction conditions.

Nitrogen Removal from Anaerobically-Treated Leachate

1984 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-100
Author(s):  
D. Prasad ◽  
J.G. Henry ◽  
P. Elefsiniotis
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Air Flow Rate ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Anaerobic Filter ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Ammonia Desorption ◽  
Effects Of Ph

Abstract Laboratory studies were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of diffused aeration for the removal of ammonia from the effluent of an anaerobic filter treating leachate. The effects of pH, temperature and air flow on the process were studied. The coefficient of desorption of ammonia, KD for the anaerobic filter effluent (TKN 75 mg/L with NH3-N 88%) was determined at pH values of 9, 10 and 11, temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35°C, and air flow rates of 50, 120, and 190 cm3/sec/L. Results indicated that nitrogen removal from the effluent of anaerobic filters by ammonia desorption was feasible. Removals exceeding 90% were obtained with 8 hours aeration at pH of 10, a temperature of 20°C, and an air flow rate of 190 cm3/sec/L. Ammonia desorption coefficients, KD, determined at other temperatures and air flow rates can be used to predict ammonia removals under a wide range of operating conditions.

Study on De-Nitrification of Improved Step-Feed Progress

2014 ◽  
Vol 703 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Yi Xiao ◽  
Shou Hui Tong ◽  
Lan Fang ◽  
Da Hai You ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Fluidized Bed ◽  
Removal Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Removal Rate ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Removal Mechanism ◽  
Aerobic Zone

Improved step-feed de-nitrification progress combined with biological fluidized bed was introduced in this study. The progress had good performance and capacity of de-nitrification and organic matter. The experiment result showed that the de-nitrification efficiency of the improved biological fluidized bed with step-feed process was higher than the fluidized bed A/O process under the same water quality and the operating conditions. When the influent proportion of each segment was equal, the system showed good nitrogen removal efficiency with the change of influent C/N ratio, HRT and sludge return ratio. The removal rate of TN reached up to 88.2%. It showed that the simultaneous nitrification and de-nitrification phenomenon happened in the aerobic zone. The nitrogen removal mechanism was also studied.

scholarly journals Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2): a general model for wastewater treatment plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (7) ◽  
pp. 1481-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Barat ◽  
J. Serralta ◽  
M. V. Ruano ◽  
E. Jiménez ◽  
J. Ribes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nutrient Removal ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizing Bacteria ◽  
Removal Model

This paper presents the plant-wide model Biological Nutrient Removal Model No. 2 (BNRM2). Since nitrite was not considered in the BNRM1, and this previous model also failed to accurately simulate the anaerobic digestion because precipitation processes were not considered, an extension of BNRM1 has been developed. This extension comprises all the components and processes required to simulate nitrogen removal via nitrite and the formation of the solids most likely to precipitate in anaerobic digesters. The solids considered in BNRM2 are: struvite, amorphous calcium phosphate, hidroxyapatite, newberite, vivianite, strengite, variscite, and calcium carbonate. With regard to nitrogen removal via nitrite, apart from nitrite oxidizing bacteria two groups of ammonium oxidizing organisms (AOO) have been considered since different sets of kinetic parameters have been reported for the AOO present in activated sludge systems and SHARON (Single reactor system for High activity Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) reactors. Due to the new processes considered, BNRM2 allows an accurate prediction of wastewater treatment plant performance in wider environmental and operating conditions.

Influence of operating conditions on population dynamics in nitrifying biofilms

1999 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Lazarova ◽  
Danièle Bellahcen ◽  
Jacques Manem ◽  
David A. Stahl ◽  
Bruce E. Rittmann
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
N Removal ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Total Nitrogen Removal ◽  
Nitrite Oxidizers

TURBO N® is a circulating-bed biofilm reactor that provides stable operation and high N removal for a wide range of N and BOD loadings. This paper describes the influence of operating conditions on biofilm composition and population dynamics when the TURBO N® is operated to achieve tertiary nitrification, simultaneous carbon and ammonia oxidation and total nitrogen removal when coupled with a pre-denitrification fixed floating bed reactor. In situ specific nitrification rates and respiration tests showed that ammonium and nitrite oxidizers became less active in the biofilm once oxidation of influent BOD became important. Analyses of community structure with oligonucleotide probes targeted to the 16S rRNA showed the same general trends for nitrifiers, but also suggested shifts in the makeup of the ammonium and nitrite oxidizers that could not be detected with respirometry or specific nitrification rates.

scholarly journals Spraying systems and traveling speed in the deposit and spectrum of droplets in cotton plant

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jhonatan D. Cavalieri ◽  
Carlos G. Raetano ◽  
Ronaldo P. Madureira ◽  
Lais L. Q. Moreira
Keyword(s):  
Cotton Plant ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Spray System ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Spray Distribution ◽  
Traveling Speed

ABSTRACT Tractor traveling speed can influence the quality of spraying depending on the application technology used. This study aimed to evaluate the droplet spectrum, the deposition and uniformity of spray distribution with different spraying systems and traveling speeds of a self-propelled sprayer in two phenological stages of the cotton plant (B9 and F13). The experimental design was randomized blocks and treatments were three spraying techniques: common flat spray tips; tilted flat jet with air induction, at 120 L ha-1; and rotary atomizer disk, 20 L ha-1, combined with four traveling speeds: 12, 15, 18 and 25 km h-1, with four replications. Spraying deposition was evaluated for both leaf surfaces from the cotton plant apex and base (stage B9) and middle part of the plant (stage F13) with a cupric marker. A laser particle analyzer also assessed the droplet spectrum. The centrifugal power spray system produces more homogeneous droplet spectrum and increased penetration of droplets into the canopy in both phenological stages. Variation on the operating conditions necessary for increased traveling speed negatively influences the pattern of spraying deposits.

scholarly journals Immobilization of fish chromatophores for use as a micro-biosensor for biological toxins

2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (12) ◽  
pp. 605-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Mojovic ◽  
Goran Jovanovic
Keyword(s):  
Cell Attachment ◽  
Cell Immobilization ◽  
Betta Splendens ◽  
Microbial Pathogens ◽  
Fish Cell ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Microcarrier Bead ◽  
Color Response ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Selection Of

Chromatophores isolated from the Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens represent a class of living cells that provide a vivid color response to microbial pathogens and environmental toxins. The selection of the most appropriate microcarrier and the development of the optimal technique for the chromatophore immobilization in order to enable directed transport of the sensor cells throughout microchannels of the biosensor, as well to preserve the cell survival and its functionality was studied. Microcarriers derived from glass, polystyrene and gelatin (collagen) were tested as substrates for chromatophore attachement. Gelatin microcarriers were found to be the most suitable, due to high attachment efficiency (95% of attached cells), preservation of the cell viability and enhanced cell sensitivity. The optimum conditions for fish cell immobilization on collagen microcarriers were determined based on the cell-to-microcarrier bead ratio and the pH of the solution. The rate of cell attachment to the gelatin microcarrier followed first-order kinetics. Pretreatment of the gelatin beads with fibronectin, known as a cell attachment-promoting agent, resulted in a 10% higher attachment rate constant (k).

scholarly journals Quantification of multiple simultaneously occurring nitrogen flows in the euphotic ocean

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Nina Xu ◽  
Yanhua Wu ◽  
Li Wei Zheng ◽  
Zhenzhen Zheng ◽  
Huade Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Equation ◽  
Ammonia Oxidation ◽  
Mass Conservation ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Nitrite Oxidation ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Total Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Transformation Rates ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Multiple Transformation

Abstract. The general features of the N cycle in the sunlit ocean are known, but quantitative information about multiple transformation rates among nitrogen pools, i.e., ammonium (NH4+), nitrite (NO2−), nitrate (NO3−) and particulate/dissolved organic nitrogen (PN/DON), are limited due to methodological difficulties. By adding a single 15N-labelled NH4+ tracer into incubators, we monitor ed the changes in concentration and isotopic composition of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), PN, NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− pools to trace the 15N and 14N flows. Based on mass conservation and isotope mass balance, we formulate d a matrix equation that allow edus to simultaneously derive the rates of multiple transformation processes in the nitrogen reaction web . We abandoned inhibitors and minimized the alteration of the system by adding a limited amount of tracer. In one single incubation, solution of the matrix equation provided the rates of NH4+, NO2−, and NO3− uptake; ammonia oxidation; nitrite oxidation; nitrite excretion; DON release; and potentially, the remineralization rate. To our knowledge, this is the first and most convenient method designed to quantitatively and simultaneously resolve complicated nitrogen transformation rates, albeit with some uncertainties. Field examples are given, and c omparisons with conventional labeling methods are discussed.

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