Screening-Programme und «primum nil nocere»

2014 ◽  
Vol 95 (12) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Screening Programme ◽  
Nil Nocere

PROXIMAL AND DISTAL FINDINGS DURING COLORECTAL SCREENING PROGRAMME: MULTICENTER STUDY

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
MH Núñez-Rodriguez ◽  
PD Redondo ◽  
F Riu ◽  
M Cimavilla ◽  
RS Ocaña ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicenter Study ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Colorectal Screening

Correlation between Faecal Tumour M2 Pyruvate Kinase and Colonoscopy for the Detection of Adenomatous Neoplasia in a Secondary Care Cohort

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley D. Bond ◽  
Michael D. Burkitt ◽  
David Sawbridge ◽  
Bernard M. Corfe ◽  
Chris S. Probert
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Pyruvate Kinase ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Faecal Occult ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Cancer Screening Programme ◽  
Bowel Cancer Screening

Background & Aims: Colorectal cancer screening programmes that target detection and excision of adenomatous colonic polyps have been shown to reduce colorectal cancer related mortality. Many screening programmes include an initial faecal occult blood test (FOBt) prior to colonoscopy. To refine the selection of patients for colonoscopy other faecal-based diagnostic tools have been proposed, including tumour M2-pyruvate kinase (tM2-PK). To determine whether tM2-PK quantification may have a role in diverse settings we have assessed the assay in a cohort of patients derived from both the England bowel cancer screening programme (BCSP) and symptomatic individuals presenting to secondary care. Method. Patients undergoing colonoscopy provided faecal samples prior to bowel preparation. Faecal tM2-PK concentrations were measured by ELISA. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and ROC analyses were calculated. Results. Ninety-six patients returned faecal samples: 50 of these with adenomas and 7 with cancer. Median age was 68. Median faecal tM2-PK concentration was 3.8 U/mL for individuals without neoplastic findings at colonoscopy, 7.7 U/mL in those with adenomas and 24.4 U/mL in subjects with colorectal cancer (both, p=0.01). ROC analysis demonstrated an AUROC of 0.66 (sensitivity 72.4%, specificity 48.7%, positive predictive value 67.7%, negative predictive value 36.7%). Amongst BCSP patients with a prior positive FOBt faecal tM2-PK was more abundant (median 6.4 U/mL, p=0.03) and its diagnostic accuracy was greater (AUROC 0.82). Conclusion. Our findings confirm that faecal tM2-PK ELISA may have utility as an adjunct to FOBt in a screening context, but do not support its use in symptomatic patients. Abbreviations: BCSP: Bowel cancer screening programme; EMR: Endoscopic mucosal resection; FAP: Familial adenomatous polyposis; FOBt: Faecal occult blood testing; NHS: National Health Service; tM2-PK: tumour M2-pyruvate kinase.

Nil nocere? The nocebo phenomenon

2009 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ferenc Köteles ◽  
György Bárdos
Keyword(s):  
Nil Nocere

Áttekintésünk célja a nocebo-jelenség átfogó ismertetése, valamint három, a szakirodalomban rendszerint különállóként kezelt jelenségkör (nocebo, egészséges személyek tünetbeszámolója, orvosilag nem megmagyarázott panaszok) rövid összehasonlítása. Elméletünk szerint e jelenségek között a kiváltó és fenntartó mechanizmusok szintjén annyira szoros a rokonság, hogy tárgyalásuk egységes fogalmi keretben (nem-specifikus egészségproblémák) lenne indokolt.Ennek bizonyítására áttekintjük a jelenségek mögött álló potenciális pszichofiziológiai mechanizmusokat (az elvárások különböző típusai; klasszikus kondicionálás; társas tanulás; stressz, szorongás, depresszió; szomatizáció; a tabletták anyaga; valós betegségek tünetei) és motivációs hátteret (kontrolligény és hibás oktulajdonítás; gyógyszerek hatásosságának megítélése; terápiás rezisztencia; bűntudat és önbüntetés; tömegjelenségek; másodlagos betegségelőnyök; tudatos szimuláció), illetve a fontosabb kapcsolódó diszpozicionális személyiségjellemzőket (női nem; neuroticizmus; testi folyamatok fokozott észrevételére való hajlam).Röviden összehasonlítjuk a nocebo- és a placebo-jelenséget, és ellenezzük azt a megközelítést, ami a kettőt egymás tükörképének tekinti.Végül összefoglaljuk és kiegészítjük a korábbi irodalomban található, a nocebo-hatás csökkentését célzó intervenciós lehetőségeket.

scholarly journals Screening for Melanoma by Primary Health Care Physicians: A Cost—Effectiveness Analysis

1996 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Afaf Girgis ◽  
Philip Clarke ◽  
Robert C Burton ◽  
Rob W Sanson—Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Screening Programme ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Family Practitioners ◽  
Effectiveness Analysis ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Primary Health Care Physicians ◽  
Melanoma Screening

Background and design— Australia has the highest rates of skin cancer in the world, and the incidence is estimated to be doubling every 10 years. Despite advances in the early detection and treatment of melanoma about 800 people still die nationally of the disease each year. A possible strategy for further reducing the mortality from melanoma is an organised programme of population screening for unsuspected lesions in asymptomatic people. Arguments against introducing melanoma screening have been based on cost and the lack of reliable data on the efficacy of any screening tests. To date, however, there has been no systematic economic assessment of the cost effectiveness of melanoma screening. The purpose of this research was to determine whether screening may be potentially cost effective and, therefore, warrants further investigation. A computer was used to simulate the effects of a hypothetical melanoma screening programme that was in operation for 20 years, using cohorts of Australians aged 50 at the start of the programme. Based on this simulation, cost—effectiveness estimates of melanoma screening were calculated. Results— Under the standard assumptions used in the model, and setting the sensitivity of the screening test (visual inspection of the skin) at 60%, cost effectiveness ranged from Aust$6853 per life year saved for men if screening was undertaken five yearly to $12137 if screening was two yearly. For women, it ranged from $11 102 for five yearly screening to $20 877 for two yearly screening. Conclusion— The analysis suggests that a melanoma screening programme could be cost effective, particularly if five yearly screening is implemented by family practitioners for men over the age of 50.

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