scholarly journals PREFACE

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Doglioni ◽  
Marco Anzidei ◽  
Silvia Pondrelli ◽  
Fabio Florindo
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Universal Time ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Central Apennines ◽  
Total Destruction ◽  
Italian Regions

<p>The M=6.0 earthquake that struck central Italy at 01:36 UTC (Universal Time Coordinated) on August 24, 2016, marked the beginning of a long, still-ongoing seismic sequence, which culminated in the Mw 6.5 event at 06:40 UTC on October 30, 2016, while this volume was already in preparation, and reactivated again when this preface was almost complete. This dramatic seismic sequence, which on January 18, 2017, released four additional events of M between 5.0 and 5.5 in a few hours, caused 298 casualties, hundreds of injuries, and the practically total destruction of several villages across a wide area of the central Apennines, covering the Italian Regions of Lazio, Umbria, Marche and Abruzzo. In particular, the historical village of Amatrice was completely destroyed. [...]</p>

scholarly journals A novel methodology for epidemic risk assessment of COVID-19 outbreak

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pluchino ◽  
A. E. Biondo ◽  
N. Giuffrida ◽  
G. Inturri ◽  
V. Latora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Mobility ◽  
Risk Index ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Policy Model ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Northern Regions ◽  
Seasonal Flu ◽  
Epidemic Risk

AbstractWe propose a novel data-driven framework for assessing the a-priori epidemic risk of a geographical area and for identifying high-risk areas within a country. Our risk index is evaluated as a function of three different components: the hazard of the disease, the exposure of the area and the vulnerability of its inhabitants. As an application, we discuss the case of COVID-19 outbreak in Italy. We characterize each of the twenty Italian regions by using available historical data on air pollution, human mobility, winter temperature, housing concentration, health care density, population size and age. We find that the epidemic risk is higher in some of the Northern regions with respect to Central and Southern Italy. The corresponding risk index shows correlations with the available official data on the number of infected individuals, patients in intensive care and deceased patients, and can help explaining why regions such as Lombardia, Emilia-Romagna, Piemonte and Veneto have suffered much more than the rest of the country. Although the COVID-19 outbreak started in both North (Lombardia) and Central Italy (Lazio) almost at the same time, when the first cases were officially certified at the beginning of 2020, the disease has spread faster and with heavier consequences in regions with higher epidemic risk. Our framework can be extended and tested on other epidemic data, such as those on seasonal flu, and applied to other countries. We also present a policy model connected with our methodology, which might help policy-makers to take informed decisions.

scholarly journals Failure Analysis of Apennine Masonry Churches Severely Damaged during the 2016 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Clementi
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Sensitivity Study ◽  
Nonlinear Material ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Nonlinear Approach ◽  
Nonlinear Static ◽  
Masonry Churches ◽  
Global And Local

This paper presents a detailed study of the damages and collapses suffered by various masonry churches in the aftermath of the seismic sequence of Central Italy in 2016. The damages will first be analyzed and then compared with the numerical data obtained through 3D simulations with eigenfrequency and then nonlinear static analyses (i.e., pushover). The main purposes of this study are: (i) to create an adequately consistent sensitivity study on several definite case studies to obtain an insight into the role played by geometry—which is always unique when referred to churches—and by irregularities; (ii) validate or address the applicability limits of the more widespread nonlinear approach, widely recommended by the Italian Technical Regulations. Pushover analyses are conducted assuming that the masonry behaves as a nonlinear material with different tensile and compressive strengths. The consistent number of case studies investigated will show how conventional static approaches can identify, albeit in a qualitative way, the most critical macro-elements that usually trigger both global and local collapses, underlining once again how the phenomena are affected by the geometry of stones and bricks, the texture of the wall face, and irregularities in the plan and elevation and in addition to hypotheses made on the continuity between orthogonal walls.

scholarly journals Analysis and Evaluation of the Spatial Structure of Cittaslow Towns on the Example of Selected Regions in Central Italy and North-Eastern Poland

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 780
Author(s):  
Marek Zagroba ◽  
Katarzyna Pawlewicz ◽  
Adam Senetra
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Subjective Evaluation ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Small Towns ◽  
Natural Environments ◽  
Architectural Features ◽  
Italian Regions ◽  
Local Traditions

Cittaslow International promotes harmonious development of small towns based on sustainable relationships between economic growth, protection of local traditions, cultural heritage and the environment, and an improvement in the quality of local life. The aim of this study was to analyze and evaluate the differences and similarities in the spatial structure of Cittaslow towns in the Italian regions of Tuscany and Umbria and the Polish region of Warmia and Mazury. The study examined historical towns which are situated in different parts of Europe and have evolved in different cultural and natural environments. The presented research attempts to determine whether the spatial structure of historical towns established in different European regions promotes the dissemination of the Cittaslow philosophy and the adoption of sustainable development principles. The urban design, architectural features and the composition of urban and architectural factors which are largely responsible for perceptions of multi-dimensional space were evaluated. These goals were achieved with the use of a self-designed research method which supported a subjective evaluation of spatial structure defined by historical urban planning and architectural solutions. The study demonstrated that Medieval urban layouts can be successfully incorporated into the modern urban fabric to promote sustainable development and slow living.

scholarly journals Exceedance of design actions in epicentral areas: insights from the ShakeMap envelopes for the 2016–2017 central Italy sequence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iunio Iervolino ◽  
Pasquale Cito ◽  
Chiara Felicetta ◽  
Giovanni Lanzano ◽  
Antonio Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Earthquake Engineering ◽  
Structural Damage ◽  
Structural Engineering ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Civil Defense ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Motion Effect ◽  
Observed Damage

AbstractShakeMap is the tool to evaluate the ground motion effect of earthquakes in vast areas. It is useful to delimit the zones where the shaking is expected to have been most significant, for civil defense rapid response. From the earthquake engineering point of view, it can be used to infer the seismic actions on the built environment to calibrate vulnerability models or to define the reconstruction policies based on observed damage vs shaking. In the case of long-lasting seismic sequences, it can be useful to develop ShakeMap envelopes, that is, maps of the largest ground intensity among those from the ShakeMap of (selected) events of a seismic sequence, to delimit areas where the effects of the whole sequence have been of structural engineering relevance. This study introduces ShakeMap envelopes and discusses them for the central Italy 2016–2017 seismic sequence. The specific goals of the study are: (i) to compare the envelopes and the ShakeMap of the main events of the sequence to make the case for sequence-based maps; (ii) to quantify the exceedance of design seismic actions based on the envelopes; (iii) to make envelopes available for further studies and the reconstruction planning; (iv) to gather insights on the (repeated) exceedance of design seismic actions at some sites. Results, which include considerations of uncertainty in ShakeMap, show that the sequence caused exceedance of design hazard in thousands of square kilometers. The most relevant effects of the sequence are, as expected, due to the mainshock, yet seismic actions larger than those enforced by the code for structural design are found also around the epicenters of the smaller magnitude events. At some locations, the succession of ground-shaking that has excited structures, provides insights on structural damage accumulation that has likely taken place; something that is not accounted for explicitly in modern seismic design. The envelopes developed are available as supplemental material.

scholarly journals Otolaryngology activity in two hospitals in northern and central Italy differently affected by COVID-19 pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 003685042199848
Author(s):  
Antonio Minni ◽  
Francesco Pilolli ◽  
Massimo Ralli ◽  
Niccolò Mevio ◽  
Luca Roncoroni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care Units ◽  
Healthcare System ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Italian Regions

The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic had a significant impact on the Italian healthcare system, although geographical differences were present; regions in northern Italy have been the most severely affected while regions in the south of the country were relatively spared. Otolaryngologists were actively involved in the management of the pandemic. In this work, we analyzed and compared the otolaryngology surgical activity performed during the pandemic in two large public hospitals located in different Italian regions. In northern Italy, otolaryngologists were mainly involved in performing surgical tracheotomies in COVID-19 positive patients and contributed to the management of these patients in intensive care units. In central Italy, where the burden of the infection was significantly lower, otolaryngologists focused on diagnosis and treatment of emergency and oncology patients. This analysis confirms the important role of the otolaryngology specialists during the pandemic, but also highlights specific differences between two large hospitals in different Italian regions.

scholarly journals Along-strike rupture directivity of earthquakes of the 2009 L'Aquila, central Italy, seismic sequence

2015 ◽  
Vol 203 (1) ◽  
pp. 399-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Calderoni ◽  
A. Rovelli ◽  
Y. Ben-Zion ◽  
R. Di Giovambattista
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Rupture Directivity

scholarly journals Iconic crumbling of the clock tower in Amatrice after 2016 central Italy seismic sequence: advanced numerical insight

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Poiani ◽  
V. Gazzani ◽  
F. Clementi ◽  
G. Milani ◽  
M. Valente ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Seismic Sequence

scholarly journals The first month of the 2016 central Italy seismic sequence: fast determination of time domain moment tensors and finite fault model analysis of the ML 5.4 aftershock

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Scognamiglio ◽  
Elisa Tinti ◽  
Matteo Quintiliani
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Moment Tensor ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Model Analysis ◽  
Fault Model ◽  
Normal Faults ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Moment Tensors ◽  
Finite Fault ◽  
Finite Fault Model

<p>We present the revised Time Domain Moment Tensor (TDMT) catalogue for earthquakes with M_L larger than 3.6 of the first month of the ongoing Amatrice seismic sequence (August 24th - September 25th). Most of the retrieved focal mechanisms show NNW–SSE striking normal faults in agreement with the main NE-SW extensional deformation of Central Apennines. We also report a preliminary finite fault model analysis performed on the larger aftershock of this period of the sequence (M_w 5.4) and discuss the obtained results in the framework of aftershocks distribution.</p>

scholarly journals Assessing soil-structure interaction during the 2016 Central Italy seismic sequence (Italy): preliminary results

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arrigo Caserta ◽  
Fawzi Doumaz ◽  
Antonio Costanzo ◽  
Anna Gervasi ◽  
William Thorossian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Seismic Energy ◽  
Soil Structure Interaction ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Structure Interaction ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
The Church ◽  
Moderate Magnitude

<p><em>We used the moderate-magnitude aftershocks succeeding to the 2016 August 24<sup>th</sup>, Mw = 6.0, Amatrice (Italy) mainshok to asses, specially during an ongoing seismic sequence, the soil-structure interaction where cultural Heritage is involved. We have chosen as case study the</em><em> San Giovanni Battista</em><em> church (A.D. 1039)  in Acquasanta Terme town, about 20 Km northeast of Amatrice. First of all we studied the soil shaking features in order to characterize the input to the monument. Then, using the recordings in the church, we tried to figure out  how the input seismic energy is distributed over the different monument parts. Some preliminary results are shown and discussed.</em></p><p><em><br /></em></p>

scholarly journals Dynamic Triggering of Mud Volcano Eruptions During the 2016-2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 9149-9165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Maestrelli ◽  
Marco Bonini ◽  
Dario Delle Donne ◽  
Michael Manga ◽  
Luigi Piccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Mud Volcano ◽  
Seismic Sequence ◽  
Dynamic Triggering
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