scholarly journals Acquisition and preliminary analysis of multi-channel seismic reflection data, acquired during the oceanographic cruises of the TOMO-ETNA experiment

2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Firetto Carlino ◽  
Fabrizio Zgur ◽  
Pier Paolo G. Bruno ◽  
Mauro Coltelli ◽  
Lorenzo Sormani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Seismic Source ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Deep Exploration ◽  
Processing Steps

<p>The TOMO-ETNA experiment was performed in the framework of the FP7 “MED-SUV” (MEDiterranean SUpersite Volcanoes) in order to gain a detailed geological and structural model of the continental and oceanic crust <span>concerning </span>Etna and Aeolian Islands volcanoes (Sicily, Italy), by means of active and passive seismic exploration methodologies. Among all data collected, some 1410 km of marine multi-channel seismic (MCS) reflection profiles were acquired in the Ionian and Tyrrhenian Seas during two of the three oceanographic cruises of the TOMO-ETNA experiment, in July and November 2014, with the aim of shading light to deep, intermediate and shallow stratigraphy and crustal structure of the two above mentioned areas. The MCS sections, targeted to deep exploration, were acquired during the oceanographic cruise on board the R/V “Sarmiento de Gamboa”, using an active seismic source of 16 air-guns, for a total volume of 4340 cu. in., and a 3000 m long, 240-channels digital streamer as receiving system. High-resolution seismic profiles were instead collected through the R/V “Aegaeo”, using two smaller air-guns (overall 270 cu. in. volume) and a 96 channels, 300 m long digital streamer. This paper provides a detailed description of the acquisition parameters and main processing steps adopted for the MCS data. Some processed lines are shown and preliminarily interpreted, to highlight the overall good quality and the high potential of the MCS sections collected during the TOMO-ETNA experiment.</p>

scholarly journals Improved Interpretation of Deep Seismic Reflection Data in Areas of Complex Geology Through Integration With Passive Seismic Data Sets

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 10,810-10,830
Author(s):  
Michael Dentith ◽  
Huaiyu Yuan ◽  
Ruth Elaine Murdie ◽  
Perla Pina-Varas ◽  
Simon P. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Deep Seismic Reflection ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Complex Geology

Crustal structure and surface zonation of the Canadian Appalachians: implications of deep seismic reflection data

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 305-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Marillier ◽  
Charlotte E. Keen ◽  
Glen S. Stockmal ◽  
Garry Quinlan ◽  
Harold Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Expression ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Central Block ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Lower Crustal ◽  
Canadian Appalachians

In 1986, 1181 km of marine seismic reflection data was collected to 18–20 s of two-way traveltime in the Gulf of St. Lawrence area. The seismic profiles sample all major surface tectono-stratigraphic zones of the Canadian Appalachians. They complement the 1984 deep reflection survey northeast of Newfoundland. Together, the seismic profiles reveal the regional three-dimensional geometry of the orogen.Three lower crustal blocks are distinguished on the seismic data. They are referred to as the Grenville, Central, and Avalon blocks, from west to east. The Grenville block is wedge shaped in section, and its subsurface edge follows the form of the Appalachian structural front. The Grenville block abuts the Central block at mid-crustal to mantle depths. The Avalon block meets the Central block at a steep junction that penetrates the entire crust.Consistent differences in the seismic character of the Moho help identify boundaries of the deep crustal blocks. The Moho signature varies from uniform over extended distances to irregular with abrupt depth changes. In places the Moho is offset by steep reflections that cut the lower crust and upper mantle. In other places, the change in Moho elevation is gradual, with lower crustal reflections following its form. In all three blocks the crust is generally highly reflective, with no distinction between a transparent upper crust and reflective lower crust.In general, Carboniferous and Mesozoic basins crossed by the seismic profiles overlie thinner crust. However, a deep Moho is found at some places beneath the Carboniferous Magdalen Basin.The Grenville block belongs to the Grenville Craton; the Humber Zone is thrust over its dipping southwestern edge. The Dunnage Zone is allochthonous above the opposing Grenville and Central blocks. The Gander Zone may be the surface expression of the Central block or may be allochthonous itself. There is a spatial analogy between the Avalon block and the Avalon Zone. Our profile across the Meguma Zone is too short to seismically distinguish this zone from the Avalon Zone.

Integrating high‐resolution refraction data into near‐surface seismic reflection data processing and interpretation

Geophysics ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 1339-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate C. Miller ◽  
Steven H. Harder ◽  
Donald C. Adams ◽  
Terry O’Donnell
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Velocity Model ◽  
Surface Velocity ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Interval Velocity ◽  
Velocity Models ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiles

Shallow seismic reflection surveys commonly suffer from poor data quality in the upper 100 to 150 ms of the stacked seismic record because of shot‐associated noise, surface waves, and direct arrivals that obscure the reflected energy. Nevertheless, insight into lateral changes in shallow structure and stratigraphy can still be obtained from these data by using first‐arrival picks in a refraction analysis to derive a near‐surface velocity model. We have used turning‐ray tomography to model near‐surface velocities from seismic reflection profiles recorded in the Hueco Bolson of West Texas and southern New Mexico. The results of this analysis are interval‐velocity models for the upper 150 to 300 m of the seismic profiles which delineate geologic features that were not interpretable from the stacked records alone. In addition, the interval‐velocity models lead to improved time‐to‐depth conversion; when converted to stacking velocities, they may provide a better estimate of stacking velocities at early traveltimes than other methods.

Ultrashallow seismic reflection monitoring of seasonal fluctuations in the water table

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 271-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Baker ◽  
D. W. Steeples ◽  
C. Schmeissner ◽  
K. T. Spikes
Keyword(s):  
Water Table ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Test Site ◽  
Seasonal Fluctuations ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Velocity Information ◽  
One Year

Abstract Ultrashallow seismic-reflection data were collected at a test site in Great Bend, Kansas. The purpose of the experiment was to image seasonal submeter-scale fluctuations in the water table over a period of one year to identify the factors important in monitoring the water table when using seismic-reflection techniques. The study indicates that detailed velocity information must be used when interpreting water-table levels. Using detailed velocity information as a control when depth-converting the seismic profiles yielded correct positioning of the water table within + or -12 cm at the test site.

scholarly journals Active deformation evidence in the offshore of western Calabria (southern Tyrrhenian Sea) from ultra-resolution multichannel seismic reflection data: results from the Gulf of Sant'Eufemia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Pepe ◽  
Mor Kanari ◽  
Pierfrancesco Burrato ◽  
Marta Corradino ◽  
Henrique Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Fault System ◽  
Tyrrhenian Sea ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Multichannel Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Earthquake Potential

&lt;p&gt;An ultra-resolution, multichannel seismic reflection data set was collected during an oceanographic cruise organised in the frame of the &amp;#8220;&lt;em&gt;Earthquake Potential of Active Faults using offshore Geological and Morphological Indicators&lt;/em&gt;&amp;#8221; (EPAF) project, which was founded by the Scientific and Technological Cooperation (Scientific Track 2017) between the Italian Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation and the Ministry of Science, Technology and Space of the State of Israel. The data acquisition approach was based on innovative technologies for the offshore imaging of stratigraphy and structures along continental margins with a horizontal and vertical resolution at decimetric scale. In this work, we present the methodology used for the 2D HR-seismic reflection data acquisition and the preliminary interpretation of the data set. The 2D seismic data were acquired onboard the R/V Atlante by using an innovative data acquisition equipment composed by a dual-sources Sparker system and one HR 48-channel, slant streamers, with group spacing variable from 1 to 2 meters, at 10 kHz sampling rate. An innovative navigation system was used to perform all necessary computations to determining real-time positions of sources and receivers. The resolution of the seismic profiles obtained from this experiment is remarkable high respect to previously acquired seismic data for both scientific and industrial purposes. In addition to the seismic imaging, gravity core data were also collected for sedimentological analysis and to give a chronological constraint using radiocarbon datings to the shallower reflectors. The investigated area is located in the western offshore sector of the Calabrian Arc (southern Tyrrhenian Sea) where previous research works, based on multichannel seismic profiles coupled with Chirp profiles, have documented the presence of an active fault system. One of the identified faults was tentatively considered as the source of the Mw 7, 8 September 1905 seismic event that hit with highest macroseismic intensities the western part of central Calabria, and was followed by a tsunami that inundated the coastline between Capo Vaticano and the Angitola plain. On this basis, the earthquake was considered to have a source at sea, but so far, the location, geometry and kinematics of the causative fault are still poorly understood. In this study we provide preliminary results of the most technologically advanced ultra-high-resolution geophysical method used to reveal the 3D faulting pattern, the late Quaternary slip rate and the earthquake potential of the marine fault system located close to the densely populated west coast of Calabria.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Stratigraphic and structural framework of the Neoproterozoic Paracuellos Group, Iberian Chains, NE Spain

2002 ◽  
Vol 173 (3) ◽  
pp. 219-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Javier Álvaro ◽  
Marie-Madeleine Blanc-Valleron
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Seismic Profiles ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Sedimentary Evolution ◽  
Structural Framework ◽  
Bedded Chert ◽  
Seismic Reflection Profiles

Abstract The Neoproterozoic Paracuellos Group of the Iberian Chains constitutes the core of two disconnected faulted blocks, named the Paracuellos and Codos antiforms. Precise lithostratigraphic correlations between both areas are not possible due to the structural complexity and because marker beds do not persist laterally. This paper presents a crustal cross-section of the Neoproterozoic axial core (the Paracuellos antiform) based on surface geology, boreholes and seismic reflection profiles. Seismic reflection data reveal that the basement was directly involved by a major Hercynian structure, named here the Paracuellos fault, which splits longitudinally the Paracuellos axial core. In seismic profiles this fault occurs as a northeasterly-dipping reflector (60–70° steep), evidencing a bivergent geometry of the lateral crustal elements. The sedimentary evolution of the Neoproterozoic Iberian platform ranges from transgressive, non-cyclic, offshore to hemipelagic, black and green shales (Sestrica Formation) to progradational trends recording shoaling during episodes of rapid sediment influx (Saviñán Formation), presumably in response to a low standing sea-level. The siliciclastic succession is punctuated in the inner platform by deposition of phosphatic limestones (Codos Bed), representing a major shoaling event and demarcating a sharp regional change of sedimentation separating two similar siliciclastic tendencies. A diagenetically induced bedded chert (Frasno Bed) occurs in the outer platform, and is interpreted as being the product of at least two silicification episodes. Both the Codos and Frasno Beds are overlain by the Aluenda Formation, which exhibits nearshore to offshore features. An important sedimentary discontinuity appears across the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian transition. The Cambrian(?) Bámbola Formation is paraconformable with the Paracuellos Group displaying a gradual transition in inner platform areas, whereas an erosive unconformity occurs in outer areas. The horizon of the Neoproterozoic-Cambrian boundary is not identified in the Iberian Chains, where neither Cadomian deformation nor discordances are recognisable.

High‐resolution seismic study in the Gas Hills uranium district, Wyoming

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1355-1374
Author(s):  
James K. Applegate ◽  
David A. Emilia ◽  
Edwin B. Neitzel ◽  
Paul R. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Seismic Data ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Synthetic Seismograms ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Structural Controls ◽  
Reflection Data ◽  
Passive Seismic ◽  
Channel Deposits

A study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of the high‐resolution seismic technique for the mapping of stratigraphic and structural controls in the Gas Hills uranium district, Wyoming. The test area is one in which uranium deposits are in Tertiary sediments which unconformably overlie a Mesozoic Paleozoic section. Paleochannels on the unconformity appear to control the localization of the uranium. Drilling in the area allows an evaluation of the effectiveness of the study. Using both sonic and density logs, we computed synthetic seismograms to evaluate the feasibility of predicting the success of the seismic reflection technique and to test this prediction using surface seismic methods. The field study was undertaken utilizing primarily two energy sources—a high‐frequency vibrator (40–350 Hz), and one‐pound dynamite charges shot in 10-ft holes. A limited amount of data was also acquired using detonating cord on the surface. Some three‐dimensional (3-D) data were also acquired, and a later study acquired passive seismic data. The seismic reflection data were successful not only in delineating the unconformable surface and in mapping paleodrainages on the unconformity, but also in defining channel deposits within the Tertiary section. Correlation with the logs shows the success of the study. Several areas were delineated where one would undertake tight drilling patterns, and other areas were delineated in which one might minimize or eliminate exploratory drilling. The synthetic seismograms also could have predicted the success of the seismic work.

scholarly journals Random Noise Attenuation of Sparker Seismic Oceanography Data with Machine Learning

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyunggu Jun ◽  
Hyeong-Tae Jou ◽  
Chung-Ho Kim ◽  
Sang Hoon Lee ◽  
Han-Joon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Seismic Reflection ◽  
Random Noise ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Seismic Reflection Data ◽  
Frequency Bands ◽  
Seismic Oceanography ◽  
Reflection Data

Abstract. Seismic oceanography (SO) acquires water column reflections by seismic exploration compensating for the drawbacks of conventional physical oceanographic equipment. Most SO studies obtain data using air guns, which have relatively low-frequency bands. For higher-frequency bands at a low exploration cost, using a smaller seismic exploration system, such as a sparker source with a shorter receiver length, would be an alternative. However, the sparker source has a relatively low energy and consequently produces data with a low signal-to-noise (S / N) ratio. To solve the problem of the low S / N ratio of sparker SO data, we applied machine learning. The purpose of this study is to attenuate the random noise in the East Sea sparker SO data without distorting the true shape and amplitude of water column reflections. A denoising convolutional neural network (DnCNN) that successfully suppresses random noise in a natural image is adopted as the machine learning network architecture. One of the most important factors of machine learning is the generation of an appropriate training dataset. We have generated two different training datasets using synthetic and field data. Models trained with the different training datasets are applied to the test data, and the denoised results are quantitatively compared. The trained models are applied to the target seismic data, i.e., the East Sea sparker water column seismic reflection data, and the denoised seismic sections are evaluated. The results show that machine learning can successfully attenuate the random noise of sparker water column seismic reflection data.

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