scholarly journals Geomagnetism, volcanoes, global climate change, and predictability. A progress report

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (5 Sup.) ◽  
Author(s):  
G. P. Gregori
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Data Series ◽  
Theoretical Studies ◽  
Data Handling ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Proxy Data ◽  
Interstellar Clouds ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Glacier Melting

A model is investigated, by which the encounters of the solar system with dense interstellar clouds ought to trigger either geomagnetic field reversals or excursions, that produce extra electric currents within the Earth dynamo, that cause extra Joule's heating, that supplies volcanoes and endogenous processes. Volcanoes increase the Earth degassing into the atmosphere, hence the concentration of the minor atmospheric constituents, including the greenhouse gases, hence they affect climate temperature, glacier melting, sea level and global change. This investigation implies both theoretical studies and observational data handling on different time scales, including present day phenomena, instrumental data series, historical records, proxy data, and geological and palaeontological evidences. The state of the art is briefly outlined, mentioning some already completed achievements, investigations in progress, and future perspectives.

Computers in Geology - 25 Years of Progress

1994 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Modeling ◽  
Quantitative Methods ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
International Association ◽  
Mathematical Geology ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
Mapping Techniques

This volume vividly demonstrates the importance and increasing breadth of quantitative methods in the earth sciences. With contributions from an international cast of leading practitioners, chapters cover a wide range of state-of-the-art methods and applications, including computer modeling and mapping techniques. Many chapters also contain reviews and extensive bibliographies which serve to make this an invaluable introduction to the entire field. In addition to its detailed presentations, the book includes chapters on the history of geomathematics and on R.G.V. Eigen, the "father" of mathematical geology. Written to commemorate the 25th anniversary of the International Association for Mathematical Geology, the book will be sought after by both practitioners and researchers in all branches of geology.

scholarly journals A review on the properties, reinforcing effects, and commercialization of nanomaterials for cement-based materials

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 303-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhifang Zhao ◽  
Tianqi Qi ◽  
Wei Zhou ◽  
David Hui ◽  
Cong Xiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cement Hydration ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Market Survey ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Cement Based Materials ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe behavior of cement-based materials is manipulated by chemical and physical processes at the nanolevel. Therefore, the application of nanomaterials in civil engineering to develop nano-modified cement-based materials is a promising research. In recent decades, a large number of researchers have tried to improve the properties of cement-based materials by employing various nanomaterials and to characterize the mechanism of nano-strengthening. In this study, the state of the art progress of nano-modified cement-based materials is systematically reviewed and summarized. First, this study reviews the basic properties and dispersion methods of nanomaterials commonly used in cement-based materials, including carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, graphene, graphene oxide, nano-silica, nano-calcium carbonate, nano-calcium silicate hydrate, etc. Then the research progress on nano-engineered cementitious composites is reviewed from the view of accelerating cement hydration, reinforcing mechanical properties, and improving durability. In addition, the market and applications of nanomaterials for cement-based materials are briefly discussed, and the cost is creatively summarized through market survey. Finally, this study also summarizes the existing problems in current research and provides future perspectives accordingly.

scholarly journals Annelid Diversity: Historical Overview and Future Perspectives

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
María Capa ◽  
Pat Hutchings
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Molecular Taxonomy ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Species Numbers ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
A New Species

Annelida is a ubiquitous, common and diverse group of organisms, found in terrestrial, fresh waters and marine environments. Despite the large efforts put into resolving the evolutionary relationships of these and other Lophotrochozoa, and the delineation of the basal nodes within the group, these are still unanswered. Annelida holds an enormous diversity of forms and biological strategies alongside a large number of species, following Arthropoda, Mollusca, Vertebrata and perhaps Platyhelminthes, among the species most rich in phyla within Metazoa. The number of currently accepted annelid species changes rapidly when taxonomic groups are revised due to synonymies and descriptions of a new species. The group is also experiencing a recent increase in species numbers as a consequence of the use of molecular taxonomy methods, which allows the delineation of the entities within species complexes. This review aims at succinctly reviewing the state-of-the-art of annelid diversity and summarizing the main systematic revisions carried out in the group. Moreover, it should be considered as the introduction to the papers that form this Special Issue on Systematics and Biodiversity of Annelids.

scholarly journals Age-Friendly Cities and Communities: State of the Art and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1644
Author(s):  
Joost van Hoof ◽  
Hannah R. Marston
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Demographic Shift ◽  
Welfare Systems

The number of older adults is increasing rapidly, and this demographic shift places an increased level of strain and tension on the various international healthcare and welfare systems [...]

scholarly journals Nanomedicine-Based Strategies Assisting Photodynamic Therapy for Hypoxic Tumors: State-of-the-Art Approaches and Emerging Trends

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Chun-Yan Shih ◽  
Pei-Ting Wang ◽  
Wu-Chou Su ◽  
Hsisheng Teng ◽  
Wei-Lun Huang
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Emerging Trends ◽  
Tumor Tissues ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Manipulating Hypoxia

Since the first clinical cancer treatment in 1978, photodynamic therapy (PDT) technologies have been largely improved and approved for clinical usage in various cancers. Due to the oxygen-dependent nature, the application of PDT is still limited by hypoxia in tumor tissues. Thus, the development of effective strategies for manipulating hypoxia and improving the effectiveness of PDT is one of the most important area in PDT field. Recently, emerging nanotechnology has benefitted progress in many areas, including PDT. In this review, after briefly introducing the mechanisms of PDT and hypoxia, as well as basic knowledge about nanomedicines, we will discuss the state of the art of nanomedicine-based approaches for assisting PDT for treating hypoxic tumors, mainly based on oxygen replenishing strategies and the oxygen dependency diminishing strategies. Among these strategies, we will emphasize emerging trends about the use of nanoscale metal–organic framework (nMOF) materials and the combination of PDT with immunotherapy. We further discuss future perspectives and challenges associated with these trends in both the aspects of mechanism and clinical translation.

scholarly journals Recent advances on biomass-fueled microbial fuel cell

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Mohammadi Moradian ◽  
Zhen Fang ◽  
Yang-Chun Yong
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cell ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
The Earth

AbstractBiomass is one of the most abundant renewable energy resources on the earth, which is also considered as one of the most promising alternatives to traditional fuel energy. In recent years, microbial fuel cell (MFC) which can directly convert the chemical energy from organic compounds into electric energy has been developed. By using MFC, biomass energy could be directly harvested with the form of electricity, the most convenient, wide-spread, and clean energy. Therefore, MFC was considered as another promising way to harness the sustainable energies in biomass and added new dimension to the biomass energy industry. In this review, the pretreatment methods for biomass towards electricity harvesting with MFC, and the microorganisms utilized in biomass-fueled MFC were summarized. Further, strategies for improving the performance of biomass-fueled MFC as well as future perspectives were highlighted.

Smart nano-micro platforms for ophthalmological applications: The state-of-the-art and future perspectives

Biomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 270 ◽  
pp. 120682
Author(s):  
Qinghua Lyu ◽  
Ling Peng ◽  
Xiangqian Hong ◽  
Taojian Fan ◽  
Jingying Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
The State ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals The virtual liver: state of the art and future perspectives

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (12) ◽  
pp. 2071-2075 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Drasdo ◽  
Johannes Bode ◽  
Uta Dahmen ◽  
Olaf Dirsch ◽  
Steven Dooley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives

scholarly journals Bacterial Zoonoses Transmitted by Household Pets: State-of-the-Art and Future Perspectives for Targeted Research and Policy Actions

2016 ◽  
Vol 155 (1) ◽  
pp. S27-S40 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Damborg ◽  
E.M. Broens ◽  
B.B. Chomel ◽  
S. Guenther ◽  
F. Pasmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Research And Policy
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