scholarly journals Paleoseismology related to deformed archaeological remains in the Fucino Plain. Implications for subrecent seismicity in Central Italy

1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Galadini ◽  
P. Galli
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Close Similarity ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Seismogenic Structure ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
The One ◽  
Roman Age ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Holocene Activity

During paleoseismological investigations on the seismogenic structure responsible for the 1915 earthquake in the Fucino Plain (Central Italy), some trenches were excavated at the intersection between Roman-age channels and a fault characterized by Holocene activity. Channel displacement observed within the trenches has been related to an event which occurred approximately between the 6th and 9th century A.D. Written records describing damage caused in Rome indicate that two strong events occurred during this period in Central Italy, although their epicentral areas are Undefined. The first event occurred immediately before 508 A.D. while the second happened in 801 A.D. Two other earthquakes during this period (618 A.D. and 847 A.D.) are reported in catalogues, but without( corresponding information regarding damage in Rome. Available information is not conclusive about the age of the earthquake responsible for the displacement of the channels although geological, historical and archaeological data indicate it is most likely related to the 508 A.D. event. Should the hypothesis regarding the age of the earthquake be correct, a subrecent , incompletely-documented earthquake may be related to a specific seismogenetic area. Taking into account that the paleoseismological analysis has highlighted a close similarity between the surface faulting pattern of this event and the one that occurred in 1915, the former may be a "twin" of the latter.

scholarly journals When to Substitute a Missing Upper Lateral With a Canine: A Simplified Approach

2021 ◽  
pp. 030157422098054
Author(s):  
Renu Datta
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Special Cases ◽  
Randomized Control ◽  
The One ◽  
Individual Presentation ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Missing Tooth ◽  
Made In

Introduction: The upper lateral incisor is the most commonly missing tooth in the anterior segment. It leads to esthetic and functional imbalance for the patients. The ideal solution is the one that is most conservative and which fulfills the functional and esthetic needs of the concerned individual. Canine substitution is evolving to be the treatment of choice in most of the cases, because of its various advantages. These are special cases that need more time and effort from the clinicians due to space discrepancy in the upper and lower arches, along with the presentation of individual malocclusion. Aims and Objectives: Malocclusion occurring due to missing laterals is more complex, needing more time and effort from the clinicians because of space discrepancy, esthetic compromise, and individual presentation of the malocclusion. An attempt has been made in this article to review, evaluate, and tabulate the important factors for the convenience of clinicians. Method: All articles related to canine substitution were searched in the electronic database PubMed, and the important factors influencing the decision were reviewed. After careful evaluation, the checklist was evolved. Result: The malocclusions in which canine substitution is the treatment of choice are indicated in the tabular form for the convenience of clinicians. Specific treatment-planning considerations and biomechanics that can lead to an efficient and long-lasting result are also discussed. Conclusion: The need of the hour is an evidence-based approach, along with a well-designed prospective randomized control trial to understand the importance of each factor influencing these cases. Until that time, giving the available information in a simplified way can be a quality approach to these cases.

Prostate Cancer: Population-Based Survival Rates in Central Italy

1995 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emanuele Crocetti ◽  
Eva Buiatti ◽  
Andrea Amorosi
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Relative Survival ◽  
Tumor Grade ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Prognostic Effect ◽  
Disease Extension ◽  
The One ◽  
Histological Verification

Aims To evaluate survival in prostate cancer patients in the Province of Florence where the Tuscany Cancer Registry is active. Methods The survival of 777 patients with prostate cancer diagnosed in the period 1985-87 was evaluated. The observed and relative survival rates 1, 3 and 5 years after diagnosis were computed. Also the prognostic effect of age, disease extension, tumor grade, histological verification, place of residence and year of diagnosis were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Results The observed survival was 73.4% 1 year, 42.5% 3 years and 29.2% 5 years after diagnosis. The relative survival was respectively 78.7%, 53.0% and 43.0%. Significant independent risks were evident when the disease was extended out of the prostate, for patients older than 80 years, for high grade tumors and for patients without histological verification. Conclusion The 5-year relative survival rate in the province of Florence is similar to those from other European Registries and the Latina Registry, but much lower than the one reported by the SEER program in the US. Data on histological verification percentage, availability of information on disease extension, and tumor grade are discussed as indicators of the quality of the diagnostic approach in comparison with other registries.

scholarly journals Geotechnical Evaluation of Diesel Contaminated Clayey Soil

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (14) ◽  
pp. 6451
Author(s):  
Christian E. Hernández-Mendoza ◽  
Pamela García Ramírez ◽  
Omar Chávez Alegría
Keyword(s):  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
Friction Angle ◽  
Geotechnical Properties ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Osmotic Suction ◽  
The One ◽  
Available Information ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Diesel Contamination

Soil contamination by different hydrocarbons has rapidly expanded worldwide, surpassing the self-purification capacity of soils and increasing the number of contaminated sites. Although much effort has been devoted to study the effects of diesel contamination on the geotechnical properties of soil, there is still limited available information about it. Moreover, there is no available information about the maximum diesel retention that soil can have and its effect on the geotechnical behavior of the soil. Thus, in this paper, we determined the maximum diesel retention by an unsaturated clayey soil and evaluated the impact of diesel contamination on its geotechnical properties. The results showed that the soil could only retain 12.6% of the added diesel and the excess was expulsed. At such a diesel concentration, the saturation rate of the soil was lower than 80%. Diesel contamination increased the plasticity and the internal friction angle of the soil, while its cohesion was considerably decreased. It should be noted that the matric suction of contaminated soil was lower than the one obtained for natural soil. However, its osmotic suction was considerably higher. This indicates that osmotic suction must be considered to evaluate the shear strength of contaminated soils.

Field and laboratory tests were conducted (18-23), survey and review of the tests have been reported (24-26). Some correlation of theoretical and experimental data can be found in reference (27). The aforementioned brief review is limited to right (not skewed) straight (not curved) composite concrete slab on more than two steel girders type bridges. Distribution of loads for other types is being investigated under the NCHRP Project 12-26, which includes literature review and evaluation of available information. This will eventually lead to a recommended load distribution method (to replace the one that exists now) for consideration by AASHTO subcommittee on bridges and structures. The continuous portion of the bridge is about 1320 feet long, along its center line, and is composed of 6 continuous spans. The longest span is 300 feet (span 4) and it is the second continuous span from west to east (Bangor to Brewer). The spans west (span 3) and east (span 5) of the longest span are 199 feet and 247 feet respectively. The bridge is slightly curved in plan in spans 3 and 4. The bridge has 8 steel girders which are spaced at 14.0 ft. minimum to about 21 ft. maximum spacings. The girders are welded plate girders made of ASTM A588 unpainted weathering steel. The total depth of the girders in span 4 is about 10 ft. The webs are reinforced by single sided intermediate vertical stiffeners spaced at 10 to 13 ft apart. Intermediate cross-bracing diaphragms are provided between the girders at spacings vary between 17.5 and 25 feet. The bridge deck is composed of a 12 inch reinforced concrete slab which acts compositly with the steel girders (using shear connectors), and a 3 inch bituminous wearing surface. The top flange of the steel girders are embeded in the concrete and the depth of the slab over the top flange is 16 inches at the haunch. The haunch is rectangular and has a width equals the width of the steel flange plus 8 inches; 4 inches on each side of the steel flange. of the two middle girders (girder 5) was instrumented by 30 strain gages. The strain gages were Installed within span 4 (the longest span) as described in the following. Eighteen gages were installed at the location of one of the four bolted splices within the span; Six at the top flange, six

1987 ◽  
pp. 47-47
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Slab ◽  
Weathering Steel ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Steel Girders ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Slab ◽  
Distribution Method ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
The One ◽  
Available Information ◽  
Over The Top

scholarly journals Integrating macroseismic intensity distributions with a probabilistic approach: an application in Italy

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2299-2311
Author(s):  
Andrea Antonucci ◽  
Andrea Rovida ◽  
Vera D'Amico ◽  
Dario Albarello
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Central Italy ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Source Characterization ◽  
Strong Earthquakes ◽  
Intensity Prediction ◽  
Macroseismic Intensities ◽  
Earthquake Effects ◽  
Available Information

Abstract. The geographic distribution of earthquake effects quantified in terms of macroseismic intensities, the so-called macroseismic field, provides basic information for several applications including source characterization of pre-instrumental earthquakes and risk analysis. Macroseismic fields of past earthquakes as inferred from historical documentation may present spatial gaps, due to the incompleteness of the available information. We present a probabilistic approach aimed at integrating incomplete intensity distributions by considering the Bayesian combination of estimates provided by intensity prediction equations (IPEs) and data documented at nearby localities, accounting for the relevant uncertainties and the discrete and ordinal nature of intensity values. The performance of the proposed methodology is tested at 28 Italian localities with long and rich seismic histories and for two well-known strong earthquakes (i.e., 1980 southern Italy and 2009 central Italy events). A possible application of the approach is also illustrated relative to a 16th-century earthquake in the northern Apennines.

scholarly journals Short-term earthquake forecasting experiment before and during the L’Aquila (central Italy) seismic sequence of April 2009

2015 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maura Murru ◽  
Jiancang Zhuang ◽  
Rodolfo Console ◽  
Giuseppe Falcone
Keyword(s):  
Central Italy ◽  
Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Earthquake Forecasting ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Productivity Function ◽  
Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence ◽  
Forecasting Performance ◽  
The One ◽  
Lower Magnitude

<div class="page" title="Page 1"><div class="layoutArea"><div class="column"><p>In this paper, we compare the forecasting performance of several statistical models, which are used to describe the occurrence process of earthquakes in forecasting the short-term earthquake probabilities during the L’Aquila earthquake sequence in central Italy in 2009. These models include the Proximity to Past Earthquakes (PPE) model and two versions of the Epidemic Type Aftershock Sequence (ETAS) model. We used the information gains corresponding to the Poisson and binomial scores to evaluate the performance of these models. It is shown that both ETAS models work better than the PPE model. However, in comparing the two types of ETAS models, the one with the same fixed exponent coefficient (<span>alpha)</span> = 2.3 for both the productivity function and the scaling factor in the spatial response function (ETAS I), performs better in forecasting the active aftershock sequence than the model with different exponent coefficients (ETAS II), when the Poisson score is adopted. ETAS II performs better when a lower magnitude threshold of 2.0 and the binomial score are used. The reason is found to be that the catalog does not have an event of similar magnitude to the L’Aquila mainshock (M<sub>w</sub> 6.3) in the training period (April 16, 2005 to March 15, 2009), and the (<span>alpha)</span>-value is underestimated, thus the forecast seismicity is underestimated when the productivity function is extrapolated to high magnitudes. We also investigate the effect of the inclusion of small events in forecasting larger events. These results suggest that the training catalog used for estimating the model parameters should include earthquakes of magnitudes similar to the mainshock when forecasting seismicity during an aftershock sequence.</p></div></div></div>

scholarly journals High-resolution late Holocene sedimentary cores record the long history of the city of Cádiz (south-western Spain)

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 35-47
Author(s):  
Ferréol Salomon ◽  
Darío Bernal-Casasola ◽  
José J. Díaz ◽  
Macarena Lara ◽  
Salvador Domínguez-Bella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Urban Centre ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Lisbon Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Western Spain ◽  
The One ◽  
The City

Abstract. Today, coastal cities worldwide are facing major changes resulting from climate change and anthropogenic forcing, which requires adaptation and mitigation strategies to be established. In this context, sedimentological archives in many Mediterranean cities record a multi-millennial history of environmental dynamics and human adaptation, revealing a long-lasting resilience. Founded by the Phoenicians around 3000 years ago, Cádiz (south-western Spain) is a key example of a coastal resilient city. This urban centre is considered to be one of the first cities of western Europe and has experienced major natural hazards during its long history, such as coastal erosion, storms, and also tsunamis (like the one in 1755 CE following the destructive Lisbon earthquake). In the framework of an international, joint archaeological and geoarchaeological project, three cores have been drilled in a marine palaeochannel that ran through the ancient city of Cádiz. These cores reveal a ≥50 m thick Holocene sedimentary sequence. Importantly, most of the deposits date from the 1st millennium BCE to the 1st millennium CE. This exceptional sedimentary archive will allow our scientific team to achieve its research goals, which are (1) to reconstruct the palaeogeographical evolution of this specific coastal area; (2) to trace the intensity of activities of the city of Cádiz based on archaeological data, as well as geochemical and palaeoecological indicators; and (3) to identify and date high-energy event deposits such as storms and tsunamis.

Decision Tree Induction

2011 ◽  
pp. 624-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberta Siciliano ◽  
Claudio Conversano
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Decision Tree ◽  
Classification Tree ◽  
Classification Trees ◽  
Regression Trees ◽  
Cancer Dataset ◽  
Decision Tree Induction ◽  
The One ◽  
Available Information

Decision Tree Induction (DTI) is a tool to induce a classification or regression model from (usually large) datasets characterized by n objects (records), each one containing a set x of numerical or nominal attributes, and a special feature y designed as its outcome. Statisticians use the terms “predictors” to identify attributes and “response variable” for the outcome. DTI builds a model that summarizes the underlying relationships between x and y. Actually, two kinds of model can be estimated using decision trees: classification trees if y is nominal, and regression trees if y is numerical. Hereinafter we refer to classification trees to show the main features of DTI. For a detailed insight into the characteristics of regression trees see Hastie et al. (2001). As an example of classification tree, let us consider a sample of patients with prostate cancer on which data Figure 1. The prostate cancer dataset such as those summarized in Figure 1 have been collected. Suppose a new patient is observed and we want to determine if the tumor has penetrated the prostatic capsule on the basis of the other available information. Posing a series of questions about the characteristic of the patient can help to predict the tumor’s penetration. DTI proceeds in such a way, inducing a series of follow- up (usually binary) questions about the attributes of an unknown instance until a conclusion about what is its most likely class label is reached. Questions and their alternative answers can be represented hierarchically in the form of a decision tree, such as the one depicted in Figure 2.

Comments on Archaeological Data Requirements and Research strategy

1971 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stuart Struever
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Research Strategies ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Archeological Evidence ◽  
Prehistoric Culture ◽  
The One ◽  
Data Requirements

AbstractThe attempt to delineate the processes underlying cultural evolution has become a central problem for archaeology today. Yet, present attempts to explain prehistoric culture change are based on exceedingly fragmentary archeological evidence, a fact resulting partly from inappropriate research strategies and partly from the “one-man scholar” basis on which archaeological research has been traditionally organized.This paper shows that certain long-held assumptions about the nature of culture which have governed excavation strategy and methods limit the value of currently existing data for attacking processual questions. The paper also examines both the quality of archaeological data required for discovering evolutionary process and the research strategies necessary for recovering these data. It argues that these research strategies cannot be put into effect unless the scale of archaeological staff, facilities, and funding increases greatly, and equally important, unless the concept of how research is organized changes.

E-Dan

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Ackerman
Keyword(s):  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
Garden Of Eden ◽  
Archaeological Data

Abstract Scholars have long documented the ways in which the Bible’s descriptions of Solomon’s temple, as well as the biblical descriptions of the temple’s environs, evoke the Genesis 2–3 account of the Garden of Eden. In this paper, I suggest that Israelite tradition likewise understood Edenic imagery to manifest itself at other sanctuary sites, preeminently the sacred precinct at Tel Dan that is known to us both from textual accounts and archaeological remains. More specifically, Edenic imagery is evoked at Tel Dan by the site’s topography and by certain archaeological data, as well as in a surprisingly wide-ranging corpus of biblical, deuterocanonical, and pseudepigraphical texts.

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