scholarly journals Integer variables estimation problems: the Bayesian approach

1997 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sansò ◽  
G. Venuti
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Integer Variables ◽  
Cycle Slips ◽  
Estimation Problems ◽  
Continuous Range ◽  
Gps Observations

In geodesy as well as in geophysics there are a number of examples where the unknown parameters are partly constrained to be integer numbers, while other parameters have a continuous range of possible values. In all such situations the ordinary least square principle, with integer variates fixed to the most probable integer value, can lead to paradoxical results, due to the strong non-linearity of the manifold of admissible values. On the contrary an overall estimation procedure assigning the posterior distribution to all variables, discrete and continuous, conditional to the observed quantities, like the so-called Bayesian approach, has the advantage of weighting correctly the possible errors in choosing different sets of integer values, thus providing a more realistic and stable estimate even of the continuous parameters. In this paper, after a short recall of the basics of Bayesian theory in section 2, we present the natural Bayesian solution to the problem of assessing the estimable signal from noisy observations in section 3 and the Bayesian solution to cycle slips detection and repair for a stream of GPS measurements in section 4. An elementary synthetic example is discussed in section 3 to illustrate the theory presented and more elaborate, though synthetic, examples are discussed in section 4 where realistic streams of GPS observations, with cycle slips, are simulated and then back processed.

Optimisation of Autonomous Threaded Fastenings Based on Non-Linear Least Square Method With GUIs

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mongkorn Klingajay ◽  
Wuttipong Wanathap
Keyword(s):  
User Interfaces ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Unknown Parameters ◽  
Screw Insertion ◽  
Assembly Method ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
On Line ◽  
Linear Least Square

Threaded fastenings are a common assembly method, accounting for over a quarter of all assembly operations. They are especially popular because they permit easy disassembly for maintenance, repair, relocation and recycling. Screw insertions are typically carried out manually as it is a difficult operation to automate. There is very little published research on automating threaded fastenings, and most research on automated assembly focuses on the peg-in-hole assembly problem. Non-linear least square method was designed and employed to identify torque signature signals during online threaded fastening. Creating interactive simulations and graphical user interfaces became necessary as a visualization aid. This provides help and support for the user, allowing them to concentrate on the concept they are illustrating and to put emphasis on the monitoring process rather than the mechanics of running the program. This paper presents a Graphical User Interface (GUI) tool to accommodate and support threaded fastening operations used in assembly line industries. This tool was produced as interactive software with a convenient GUI in combination with the computing and graphics capability of MATLAB. It has applied to automated monitoring of threaded fastenings based-on an analytical model and on-line parameter estimation. The monitoring problem deals with predicting the integrity of the screw insertion process based on the torque vs. insertion angle curves generated during the insertions. A Non-linear Least Square Method (NLSM) is applied for estimation of four unknown parameters during a self-tapping screw insertion to be presented. It is shown that these parameters, required by the model, can be reliably estimated on-line. Experimental results are presented to validate the estimation procedure.

scholarly journals THE EFFECTS OF FIRM SIZE ON RISK AND RETURN IN THE BRAZILIAN STOCK MARKET: A SECTORAL ANALYSIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-44
Author(s):  
Jessica Antunes ◽  
Alexsandro Rodrigues Meireles ◽  
Aline Sanfelici ◽  
Rodrigo Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Arbitrage Pricing Theory ◽  
Expected Return ◽  
Risk And Return ◽  
Risky Assets ◽  
Multifactor Model ◽  
Ordinary Least Square

The theory of capital market is to deal with the equilibrium relationship between risk and expected return on risky assets. Based on the theory, the present study investigates the effects of sectoral size (sectoral capitalization) on risk and expected return for the period of 2000-2004 as monthly. Multifactor model is utilized in the study using the Arbitrage Pricing Theory in analyzing the effects of sectoral size on the risk and return by utilizing the ordinary least square estimation procedure. The findings indicate that the firm size or sector have insignificant effects on firm or sectoral return in the Brazilian stock market. 

Dampak Kebijakan Moneter Pada Output Di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 1980-2014

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70
Author(s):  
Nur Widiastuti
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Interest Rate ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Fixed Effects Model ◽  
State Data ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
The Impact

The Impact of monetary Policy on Ouput is an ambiguous. The results of previous empirical studies indicate that the impact can be a positive or negative relationship. The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of monetary policy on Output more detail. The variables to estimatate monetery poicy are used state and board interest rate andrate. This research is conducted by Ordinary Least Square or Instrumental Variabel, method for 5 countries ASEAN. The state data are estimated for the period of 1980 – 2014. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the impact of monetary policy on Output shown are varied.Keyword: Monetary Policy, Output, Panel Data, Fixed Effects Model

PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING, PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL, GDP PER KAPITA, SEKTOR PERTANIAN, DAN URBANISASI TERHADAP PENDUDUK BEKERJA DI INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-95
Author(s):  
John Marcell Rumondor
Keyword(s):  
International Trade ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Working Population ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Per Capita

This research aims to understand the influenceof foreign investment, international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization of the working population. Country used as an object in this research is Indonesia. This research uses the method of analysis Ordinary Least Square (OLS) and the multiple linear regression analysis method. Research period are from 1997 – 2012. The results showed that the international trade, Gross Domestic Product per capita, agriculture and urbanization have significantpositive influenceon the population work in Indonesia, but foreign investment has no significanteffect on the working population in Indonesia.

PENGARUH KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT, KOMPETENSI, MOTIVASI TERHADAP KINERJA KARYAWAN

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Miftahol Arifin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Linear Regression ◽  
Significant Influence ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Competence Motivation ◽  
Performance Analyze

The purpose of this research is to analyze the influence of knowledge management on employee performance, analyze the effect of competence on employee performance, analyze the influence of motivation on employee performance). In this study, samples taken are structural employees PT.centris Kingdom Taxi Yogyakarta. The analysis tool in this study using multiple linear regression with Ordinary Least Square method (OLS). The conclusion of this study showed that the variables of knowledge management has a significant influence on employee performance, competence variables have an influence on employee performance, motivation variables have an influence on employee performance, The analysis showed that the variables of knowledge management, competence, motivation on employee performance.Keywords: knowledge management, competence, motivation, employee performance.

The Impact of Competitive Quasi-Market on Service Delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria

GIS Business ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 85-98
Author(s):  
Idoko Peter
Keyword(s):  
Service Delivery ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
State University ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This research the impact of competitive quasi market on service delivery in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria. Both primary and secondary source of data and information were used for the study and questionnaire was used to extract information from the purposively selected respondents. The population for this study is one hundred and seventy three (173) administrative staff of Benue State University selected at random. The statistical tools employed was the classical ordinary least square (OLS) and the probability value of the estimates was used to tests hypotheses of the study. The result of the study indicates that a positive relationship exist between Competitive quasi marketing in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (CQM) and Transparency in the service delivery (TRSP) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a negative effect on Observe Competence in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (OBCP) and the relationship is not statistically significant (p>0.05). Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) has a positive effect on Innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) and the relationship is statistically significant (p<0.05) and in line with a priori expectation. This means that a unit increases in Competitive quasi marketing (CQM) will result to a corresponding increase in innovation in Benue State University, Makurdi Nigeria (INVO) by a margin of 22.5%. It was concluded that government monopoly in the provision of certain types of services has greatly affected the quality of service experience in the institution. It was recommended among others that the stakeholders in the market has to be transparent so that the system will be productive to serve the society effectively

Peranan Sektor Pertanian dalam Perekonomian Kabupaten Manokwari

Agrotek ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunto Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Food Crops ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Location Quotient ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Plantation Crops ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

<em>The agricultural sector</em><em> is a strategic sector in Manokwari regency. The agricultural sector provides a major contribution in the regional economy, an economic base of rural people, dominate the life of most residents in this region and provider of food and raw materials for other sectors. The purpose of this study was to determine how big the contribution of different sub-sectors that exist in the agricultural sector, which analyzes sectors influential in changing the economic structure of agriculture in the area and know the potential commodities that can be developed in an effort to enhance the role of the agricultural sector. The research method used through literature study and analysis of secondary data sourced from the relevant authorities. To find out how big the factors that influence changes in economic structures of domination of the agricultural sector into non-agricultural sector estimates used Ordinary Least Square (OLS). For the determination of the potential commodities that can be seeded used method approach Location Quotient (LQ). The results showed the greatest contribution of the different sub-sectors within the agricultural sector contained in the food crops sub-sector. Based on the rate of growth per year, plantation crops sub-sector occupied the highest positions. The sectors that provide real impact on the agricultural sector's contribution to the regional gross domestic product �of the building sector and services sector. Potential commodities that can be developed in different areas in Manokwari regency include food crops and pulses, vegetables and fruits and livestock including cows, goats, pigs and chicken.</em>

URGENSI AUDIT JUDGEMENT PADA POST CLEARANCE AUDIT

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masruri Muchtar ◽  
Prasetya Utama
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Experience Level ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Audit Judgment ◽  
Depth Interview ◽  
Study Results

ABSTRACT:The auditor should have eminence audit judgment to support their assignment This research aims to provide empirical evidence that self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism have an impact on audit judgment. The population are auditors who had carried out post-clearance audit assignments. This research uses a quantitative approach by testing the theories and hypotheses that have been prepared. Ordinary least square (OLS) linear regression as an analytical model is used in this study. Results show that experience and education level have no impact on audit judgment, whereas self-efficacy and skepticism have a positive and significant impact on audit judgment. Efforts to improve self-efficacy and auditor skepticism are urgently needed. The coefficient of determination describes the variation of variables of self-efficacy, experience, level of education, and skepticism able to explain the variation of audit judgment variables by 51%. The remaining 49% is explained by other variables not involved in this study. Future studies may enhance with other variables and employ in-depth interview methods.Keywords: audit judgment, experience, level of education, post-clearance audit, self-efficacy, skepticism, post-clearance audit ABSTRAK:Auditor seyogyanya memiliki kemampuan audit judgment yang berkualitas guna mendukung penugasannya. Tujuan penelitian adalah memberikan bukti empiris bahwa efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme memiliki pengaruh terhadap audit judgement. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah auditor Direktorat Jenderal Bea dan Cukai (DJBC) yang pernah melakukan post clearance audit. Ini merupakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang menguji teori serta hipotesis yang telah disusun. Riset ini menggunakan regresi linear ordinary least square (OLS) sebagai model analisis. Hasil studi memperlihatkan pengalaman dan tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh pada audit judgement, namun efikasi diri dan skeptisisme berpengaruh signifikan pada audit judgement. Implikasinya DJBC perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap berbagai upaya dalam peningkatan efikasi diri dan skeptisisme auditor. Tulisan ini adalah pengembangan beberapa penelitian sebelumnya namun dalam konteks pengujian untuk jenis audit ketaatan. Nilai koefisien determinasi menggambarkan variasi variabel efikasi diri, pengalaman, tingkat pendidikan, dan skeptisisme dapat menjelaskan variasi variabel audit judgement sebesar 51%. Sisanya sebesar 49% dijelaskan oleh variabel lainnya yang tidak diujikan dalam tulisan ini. Dengan adanya keterbatasan waktu pada penelitian ini diharapkan mendorong penelitian berikutnya untuk dapat menyertakan beberapa variabel lain yang relevan dan melengkapinya dengan metode in-depth interview.Kata Kunci: bea dan cukai, efikasi diri, pengalaman, skeptisisme, tingkat pendidikan

Turnaround Model Prediction with Content Dimension on Financial Distress Firms

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-65
Author(s):  
Giriati
Keyword(s):  
Family Member ◽  
Model Prediction ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Financial Distress ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Organization Change ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Ordinary Least Square ◽  
Change Framework

This article aims to synthesize and test empirically turnaround model by content dimension that is an integration of the organization change framework into turnaround research to measure some activities done to avoid failure in turnaround. This study on the Indonesian Stock Exchange (BEI) by using Ordinary Least Square technique. The results of the analysis from content dimension show that the CEO expertise variable has a significant relationship to turnaround, since companies in Indonesia are dominated by family companies, so maintaining the incumbent CEO is more appropriate, because it is a family member. In addition, free assets show a significant relationship with turnaround, while leverage and growth of sales do not have a significant relationship with turnaround. Keywords: Financial Distress, Turnaround Model, CEO Expertise, Free Assets, Leverage and Growth of Sales,

Model-based control of the substrate concentration in an aeration basin using the wastewater level

1998 ◽  
Vol 37 (12) ◽  
pp. 335-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacek Czeczot
Keyword(s):  
Substrate Concentration ◽  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Least Square Method ◽  
Estimation Procedure ◽  
Adaptive Controller ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Substrate Consumption ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Effluent Flow Rate

This paper deals with the minimal-cost control of the modified activated sludge process with varying level of wastewater in the aerator tank. The model-based adaptive controller of the effluent substrate concentration, basing on the substrate consumption rate and manipulating the effluent flow rate outcoming from the aerator tank, is proposed and its performance is compared with conventional PI controller and open loop behavior. Since the substrate consumption rate is not measurable on-line, the estimation procedure on the basis of the least-square method is suggested. Finally, it is proved that cooperation of the DO concentration controller with the adaptive controller of the effluent substrate concentration allows the process to be operated at minimum costs (low consumption of aeration energy).

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