scholarly journals International activities in HF sky-wave field-strength estimation (period 1956-1991)

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Bradley
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Field Strength ◽  
Wave Field ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Service Planning ◽  
Prediction Methods ◽  
World War ◽  
Empirical Prediction ◽  
Radio Signals

Methods for the determination of the strengths of radio signals reflected from the ionosphere and propagated to distant locations are required for service planning and circuit operation. Efforts are described following World War II to arrive at agreed procedures and some of the features of the various empirical prediction methods that have been formulated over the years are discussed. The problems are highlighted of determining a "best" method from among those available. Measurement data collected for this purpose are reviewed and attention is drawn to their limitations of accuracy and coverage. Even comparison of predicted and measured values is not straightforward, and the techniques that have been developed to do this are considered.

scholarly journals The Evolution of Polish War Feature Films (1940-1980)

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 474
Author(s):  
Elena Shatova
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Cultural Development ◽  
World War ◽  
Feature Film ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Feature Films ◽  
Spiritual Culture ◽  
Verification Methods ◽  
Sociocultural Processes

Introduction. The relevance of this study is explained by the rapid social and political homogenization of Europe; the “disclosure” of many documents indicative of sociocultural changes in Eastern Europe; an increasing chronological gap between the research subject and its researcher that enables to use scientific verification methods instead of ideologically “correct” paradigms.Methods. The methodological basis of this article is the principles of systematicity and objectivity. While conducting this research, the author also used genetic, typological, comparative, hermeneutic and semiotic methods.Results. Throughout the postwar history, Polish filmmakers were bringing stories about World War II to the silver screen. The concept of a war feature film also changed depending on the postwar development of Poland.Discussion. The necessary conditions for studying the evolution of Polish war feature films based on systematicity and objectivity are as follows: the analysis of the Polish sociocultural postwar development (periodization with distinguishing essential characteristics of each period); the determination of main trends in the development of spiritual culture as a part of sociocultural processes; the analysis of the state-party politics in the sphere of culture, art and cinema.Conclusion. Throughout the postwar development, Polish filmmakers were addressing the topic of war. Their attitude to war changed depending on the country’s socio-cultural development and the evolution of its spiritual culture. For instance, war feature films were the most prominent trend in the development of the Polish cinema in the second half of the 1940s and the first half of the 1950s. Between 1956 and 1960, the Polish Film School was established and was characterized by a high interest in war-related films (alongside other topics and problems represented in the cinema of that time). In the 1970s, war feature films were still relevant but gave way to flicks about modern times. In the 1980s, this topic “withdrew into the shadows” not only in cinematography but also in other artistic spheres. It was mostly used in films to better interpret other topics.  

Quantitative XRF Analysis of Trace Barium in Porcelains by Source Excitation

1985 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1040-1042 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap ◽  
S. M. Tang
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Seventeenth Century ◽  
Quantitative Determination ◽  
World War ◽  
Addition Method ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Xrf Analysis ◽  
Calibration Curves ◽  
Source Excitation

Quantitative determination of barium in Chinese porcelains from the seventeenth century to modern times together with some modern non-Chinese porcelains was made with the use of calibration curves obtained by the addition method. All Chinese porcelains from K'ang Hsi (Kangxi, 1662–1722) up to World War II were found to have a barium content between 100 ppm and 130 ppm. For those made after World War II, the barium content varies from 60 ppm to 7000 ppm, and only a few pieces are in the range from 100 ppm to 130 ppm, making it possible to identify most of the modern fake reproductions.

scholarly journals Correlation between the lenghts of the long bones of the forearm and the fibula with body height in our population

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 394-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadica Marinkovic ◽  
Jasenka Vasic-Vilic
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Skeletal Remains ◽  
Long Bones ◽  
World War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bone Length ◽  
The World

Background/Aim. The task of a forensic examiner during exhumation of skeletal remains is to calculate antemortem height of a person whose skeletal remains were found. Anthropological investigations which provided formulae for calculating ante-mortem body height date back from XIX or from the first half of XX centuries. The most commonly used formulae are those of Trotter- Gleser, which were used to investigate skeletal remains from the World War II. Those investigations were conducted on skeletal remains of various ages and degrees of decay. Our experience with exhumation have shown that the present formulae do not deliver reliable values of antemortem height. The aim of this study was to investigate if there is a correlation of the length of long bones of leg and forearm with body height within our population and to establish the formulae for calculating ante-mortem body height within our population based on the obtained values. Methods. The lengths of ulna, radius, fibula and tibia were determined precisely by measuring bones on living individuals using a digital X-ray system. The height of individuals whose bones were measured was determined using an anthropometer. Results. The highest degree of correlation between bone length and body height was found for tibia in males (r = 0.859, p < 0.005) and ulna in females (r = 0.679, p < 0.05). We calculated the regression formulae for determination of ante-mortem body height that differ from the current body height formulae. Conclusion. In our population the length of long bones of the forearm and the leg are characterized by various degree of correlation with body height. The formulae that we set, make less distinction between the measured and the calculated body height as compared with the Trotter-Gleser formulae. We do hope that their implementation will facilitate identification of sceletal remains in our population.

The Title to Dokdo/Takeshima: Addressing the Legacy of World War ii Territorial Settlements/Finding the Right Settlement of Dispute Mechanism

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 550-577
Author(s):  
Joshua Castellino ◽  
Elvira Domínguez Redondo
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
South Korea ◽  
East Asia ◽  
South East Asia ◽  
World War ◽  
The Right ◽  
Settlement Of Dispute

The seas of South East Asia present a succinct backdrop against which several current disputes are being played out. At stake are the maritime boundaries of China, Japan, Korea, Malaysia and Singapore. In seeking to delimit such international maritime boundaries, vital questions are being asked concerning sovereignty over islands, reefs and islets, and the value that can be ascribed to these following the determination of sovereignty. This paper seeks to examine one such dispute, between South Korea and Japan, concerning contested sovereignty over two traditionally uninhabited islets that lie in the sea between the two countries, namely the islets of Dokdo (Korean name)/Takeshima (Japanese), also known as Liancourt Rocks (English terminology).

scholarly journals Dissolution of Federalism in Yugoslavia // Raspad federalizma u Jugoslaviji

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 185
Author(s):  
Oliver Nikolić
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
National Standards ◽  
The Other ◽  
Former Yugoslavia ◽  
Federal System ◽  
World War ◽  
National Question ◽  
The Future ◽  
Complete Collapse

The author gives an overview of the development of the federal system in Yugoslavia since the end of World War II until its complete collapse of the nineties. One of the reason for establishing the federalism in the former Yugoslavia, was the way to resolve the national question, considering Yugoslavia was a multi-ethnic state. But this desire is never, in fact, did not fulfill, at least not consistently. Determination of boundaries between the future federal units did not correspond to historical and national standards and about them was not enacted any legal act. Also, the creation of autonomous provinces only in a one federal unit led to gross violations of the constitutional status of Serbia, to its unequal position compared to the other republics, to breaking of its integrity, etc. All of this along with the fact that the country was not introduce a true democracy, eventually led to a sort of confederation, and ultimately the disintegration of Yugoslavia.

scholarly journals A Primer on Citizenship Revocation for WWII Collaboration: The 1998-1999 Federal Court Term

1969 ◽  
pp. 415
Author(s):  
Claire I. Farid
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
War Crimes ◽  
Federal Court ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
World War ◽  
Security Screening ◽  
The Government ◽  
Modern War

This article provides a review of recent jurisprudence in relation to revocation of citizenship proceedings against those alleged to have committed war crimes or crimes against humanity. The author discusses proceedings involving citizenship obtained by deception by those involved in World War II, with a particular focus on five cases decided in late 1998 and 1999. The article addresses both procedural and substantive issues that have arisen in these proceedings. Although past procedural problems of characterization of the proceedings, the scope of required notices, and rights to appeal have generally been clarified in recent jurisprudence, some specific problems still remain to be resolved. The author points out that the substantive issues surrounding collaboration, actual post-WW Il security screening practices, the existence of a duty of candour, and the legal authority for security screening of immigration applicants still remain in a state of uncertainty as the current cases have provided conflicting results. Interpretation of old legislation and the determination of how such legislation was actually applied to security screening by immigration officials at the time of the immigrant's application are the main concerns in deciding these substantive issues. Matters are further complicated by the lack of evidence, both testimonial and documentary. The resolution, or lack thereof, of the procedural and substantive issues will have a bearing on proceedings initiated by the government in relation to modern war crimes cases.

No Mercy

2020 ◽  
pp. 209-241
Author(s):  
Dominic D. P. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
The United States ◽  
World War ◽  
Complex Roots ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
War Effort ◽  
Eastern Cultures ◽  
At Home

This chapter argues that the United States was able to persist and prevail in the long and brutal Pacific campaign against the Japanese in World War II because of the in-group/out-group bias. It recounts how the group prejudice helped boost support for the war effort among citizens at home, the cohesion of soldiers, sailors, and airmen in the field, and the commitment and determination of leaders. It also describes the Pacific campaign of World War II that had a strong overtone of clashing Western and Eastern cultures, with vastly different worldviews and conceptions of themselves and each other. The chapter analyses the complex roots and widespread expressions of prejudice and racism on both sides. It refers to John Dower, who emphasized that group biases are ever present, but are directed at whoever becomes the most salient rival of the day.

scholarly journals Przekształcenia krajobrazu w miejscowościach dawnych Prus Wschodnich po delimitacji granicy polsko-rosyjskiej

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-76
Author(s):  
Anna Majewska
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Airborne Laser Scanning ◽  
World War ◽  
Border Line ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Current State ◽  
Airborne Laser ◽  
East Prussia

The article deals with the transformation of landscape following the delimitation of a state border using the example of the contemporary Polish-Russian borderland. Changes in the material structures of the settlement network and depopulation concern, in particular, localities whose areas have been divided by the border line and those located in the immediate vicinity (within 5 km). Numerous relics of completely depopulated settlement units identified in this space are objects that stand out in the borderland landscape. Thus, they co-create the contemporary landscape identity. The article presents the results of a historical and geographical analysis, showing the distribution of rural settlement units that were liquidated or abandoned as a result of geopolitical changes related to the end of World War II. Moreover, landscape relics of depopulated localities have been identified using measurement data from airborne laser scanning. The destructed objects identifi ed in the historical settlement are among the components of the material memory of the local landscape. They are evidence of the events and socio-political processes that took place over the last few decades in the lands of former East Prussia incorporated into Poland, in particular during the time associated with the delimitation of the current state border.

Non-destructive Spectrometric Determination of Trace Element Concentration of Rubidium, Strontium, Yttrium Zirconium and Niobium in Ceramics

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 1253-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Yap
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Element Concentration ◽  
Trace Element Concentration ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Spectrometric Method ◽  
World War ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Non Destructive

A simple X-ray spectrometric method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of the trace elements Rb, Sr, Y, Zr and Nb in Chinese porcelains is described. The results of the analysis show that Jingdezhen porcelains from later Ming to the Republic period have concentrations of these elements lying within narrow ranges whereas modern (after World War II) porcelains, whether Jingdezhen or otherwise, have concentrations of one or more of these elements lying outside these ranges. This offers a simple nondestructive method of detecting modern fakes.

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