scholarly journals History of earthquake studies in Russia

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Tatevossian
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard Assessment ◽  
Historical Seismicity ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Original Form ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Tectonic Earthquake ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Knowledge

To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.

Campus sexual assault and student activism, 1970–1990

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 564-579
Author(s):  
Molly C Driessen
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Student Activism ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Campus Sexual Assault ◽  
Secondary Sources ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
Varied Response

This historical analysis research project traces the early history of the anti-rape movement within the US by examining one university’s development of a sexual violence resource center and the role of student activism. The time period between the 1970s through the 1990s was selected for this analysis due to the significant development of legislation, research, and activism surrounding sexual violence on college campuses. In order to conduct this historical analysis, primary sources from the university’s Archives Collection were studied that included administrative documents, memos, financial documents, program reports, newspaper clippings, and training and workshop materials. Secondary sources were included to provide context to the topic of sexual violence, research, feminism, and campus culture during this time period. Amidst the university’s varied response and debates that surrounded sexual violence, the students’ persistent advocacy had led to conflict resolution.

Professional Development Opportunities Provided by Consortia

2014 ◽  
pp. 1475-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tami Echavarria Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Region

Continuing education for librarians and library staff is a need all libraries must consider for the effective professional development of their human resources and the functioning of their libraries. Similar concerns regarding the needs and barriers to obtaining ongoing continuing education are found across different types of libraries and in different regions of the country. Although studied separately and in different regions of the country, among concerns of library school media specialists documented in studies, results are similar to those revealed in a survey of Inland Northwest Library Council (INCOL) librarians in public, academic, and special libraries. Consortia offering continuing education are not well documented in the literature, but examples that exist reveal a feasible, collaborative, effective resource as a means to provide for these needs in member libraries. The history of these consortia is not only important as a means of documentation of their existence, but more so of their value and usefulness proven over a long time period. INCOL, in the Inland Northwest region of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is a model of such a consortium that continues to be relevant after more than 30 years of offering ongoing continuing education to its constituency.

scholarly journals Web Tool for Estimating the Cancer Hazard Rates in Aging

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. CIN.S19777 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengiz Mdzinarishvili ◽  
Alexander Sherman ◽  
Oleg Shats ◽  
Simon Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Hazard Rates ◽  
Process Data ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Usa ◽  
History Of ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Individual

A computational approach for estimating the overall, population, and individual cancer hazard rates was developed. The population rates characterize a risk of getting cancer of a specific site/type, occurring within an age-specific group of individuals from a specified population during a distinct time period. The individual rates characterize an analogous risk but only for the individuals susceptible to cancer. The approach uses a novel regularization and anchoring technique to solve an identifiability problem that occurs while determining the age, period, and cohort (APC) effects. These effects are used to estimate the overall rate, and to estimate the population and individual cancer hazard rates. To estimate the APC effects, as well as the population and individual rates, a new web-based computing tool, called the CancerHazard@Age , was developed. The tool uses data on the past and current history of cancer incidences collected during a long time period from the surveillance databases. The utility of the tool was demonstrated using data on the female lung cancers diagnosed during 1975–2009 in nine geographic areas within the USA. The developed tool can be applied equally well to process data on other cancer sites. The data obtained by this tool can be used to develop novel carcinogenic models and strategies for cancer prevention and treatment, as well as to project future cancer burden.

scholarly journals Chen Huanzhang and his role in studying the history of Chinese economic thought in the West at the beginning of the 20th century

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 515-540
Author(s):  
Olga Borokh ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Education ◽  
Economic Thought ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
The West ◽  
Chinese Tradition ◽  
Moral Standards ◽  
Production And Consumption ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact

The article explores the experience of introducing traditional Chinese economic ideas to Western scholars, using the example of Chen Huanzhang’s book “The Economic Principles of Confucius and his School” (1911). Chen Huanzhang was the first Chinese scholar who acted as an intellectual mediator in disseminating knowledge about Chinese economic thought in the West against the background of predominant efforts at bringing the achievements of Western economics to China. Chen Huanzhang spoke from the standpoint of Confucianism, and a unique combination of classical Chinese and American economic education enabled him to integrate deep knowledge of Chinese tradition with mastering the basics of Western methodology. Using little-known primary sources, the article analyzes the specifics of structure and economic terminology of Chen Huanzhang’s work, with priority attention paid to his interpretation of relations between production and consumption based on ancient Chinese classics. It was demonstrated that Chen Huanzhang strived to produce a modernized interpretation of consumption aimed at regulating human desires that was compatible with demands of economic development and the inheritance of traditional moral standards. Evaluation of the impact of the book on Western academic circles is based on the study of reviews published in the early 1910s (the author of one of them being J. M. Keynes). The final section of the article identifies the reasons for the evident growth of interest in the work of Chen Huanzhang in China, where he was forgotten for a long time.

Professional Development Opportunities Provided by Consortia

2014 ◽  
pp. 209-229
Author(s):  
Tami Echavarria Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Continuing Education ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
The United States ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Inland Northwest ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Northwest Region

Continuing education for librarians and library staff is a need all libraries must consider for the effective professional development of their human resources and the functioning of their libraries. Similar concerns regarding the needs and barriers to obtaining ongoing continuing education are found across different types of libraries and in different regions of the country. Although studied separately and in different regions of the country, among concerns of library school media specialists documented in studies, results are similar to those revealed in a survey of Inland Northwest Library Council (INCOL) librarians in public, academic, and special libraries. Consortia offering continuing education are not well documented in the literature, but examples that exist reveal a feasible, collaborative, effective resource as a means to provide for these needs in member libraries. The history of these consortia is not only important as a means of documentation of their existence, but more so of their value and usefulness proven over a long time period. INCOL, in the Inland Northwest region of the Pacific Northwest of the United States, is a model of such a consortium that continues to be relevant after more than 30 years of offering ongoing continuing education to its constituency.

scholarly journals Watershed Flood Vulnerability Assessment Based Land Subsidence Analysed from a Long Time Period of Sentinel-1 Radar Data

2021 ◽  
Vol 940 (1) ◽  
pp. 012035
Author(s):  
I I Adkhi ◽  
M Karuniasa ◽  
R P Tambunan
Keyword(s):  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Watershed Scale ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Flood Vulnerability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Flood Vulnerability Assessment

Abstract Identifying flood vulnerability in an area is part of disaster risk management, especially for mitigating flood events. The level of vulnerability can be recognized from many factors. One of the primary sources of flood vulnerability in urban lowland areas is land subsidence. Sentinel Radar data has been proven to be able to produce land subsidence data accurately. This study was conducted using two Sentinel 1A Radar data acquired on 7 December 2014 and 20 August 2021. Determining the level of flood vulnerability, the analysis of land subsidence is operated at the watershed scale. The highest land subsidence recorded in the Kali Sunter watershed area was 81mm in Kayuputih Village, East Jakarta City. The villages classified as “Extremely Vulnerable” are Sumurbatu in Central Jakarta City, Kayuputih in East Jakarta City in Kelapagading Barat in North Jakarta City and Mekarsari in Depok City.

The Tempo and mode(S) of Prebiotic Evolution

1997 ◽  
Vol 161 ◽  
pp. 419-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Early Diversification ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Galaxy ◽  
History Of ◽  
Widespread Phenomenon ◽  
The Origin Of Life

AbstractDifferent current ideas on the origin of life are critically examined. Comparison of the now fashionable FeS/H2S pyrite-based autotrophic theory of the origin of life with the heterotrophic viewpoint suggest that the later is still the most fertile explanation for the emergence of life. However, the theory of chemical evolution and heterotrophic origins of life requires major updating, which should include the abandonment of the idea that the appearance of life was a slow process involving billions of years. Stability of organic compounds and the genetics of bacteria suggest that the origin and early diversification of life took place in a time period of the order of 10 million years. Current evidence suggest that the abiotic synthesis of organic compounds may be a widespread phenomenon in the Galaxy and may have a deterministic nature. However, the history of the biosphere does not exhibits any obvious trend towards greater complexity or «higher» forms of life. Therefore, the role of contingency in biological evolution should not be understimated in the discussions of the possibilities of life in the Universe.

BRIDGE BUILDING AS A PROBLEM OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Minaeva ◽  
Sergey S. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
European North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Bridge Building ◽  
Xix Century

Introduction. The organization of transport links and the bridge building in cities located on the banks of wide rivers has always been one of the most important tasks of the local administration. The study of the history of bridge building allows not only to trace the process of modernization of different regions of the country, but also to help in solving similar problems of our time. Nevertheless, the history of Russian bridge building is poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of bridge building in big cities of the European North of Russia as a way to solve one of the problems of urban infrastructure in the early XX century. Materials and Methods. The sources for this study are the documents of the State archive of the Arkhangelsk region, published documents on the history of Vologda, articles in the local periodicals of the early XX century. The analysis of the studied problem used a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis, historical and historical-comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The building of permanent bridges was a need for the development of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. In Vologda the two wooden bridges were built in the middle of XIX century on city funds and in the future these bridges were repaired or rebuilt. The Arkhangelsk city authorities did not hurry to solve a problem of city infrastructure by own efforts and a long time they used the floating bridge. The lack of experience in the building of large bridges and the desire to save money led to the rapid destruction of the first permanent bridge in Arkhangelsk. Conclusion. The Development of trade and industry in cities of the European North of Russia, such as Arkhangelsk and Vologda, led to the expansion of their territory and the emergence over time, the so-called third parts of the cities. Despite the comparable size of the population of the districts located across the river, the process of connecting them with bridges to the rest of the city went at different rates, which depended on the attitude of the local administration to the problem of urban infrastructure.

Newton and the Origin of Civilization

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jed Z. Buchwald ◽  
Mordechai Feingold
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
History Of Mathematics ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Ancient History ◽  
Isaac Newton ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Civilizations ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
One Year ◽  
Radical Ideas

Isaac Newton’s Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended, published in 1728, one year after the great man’s death, unleashed a storm of controversy. And for good reason. The book presents a drastically revised timeline for ancient civilizations, contracting Greek history by five hundred years and Egypt’s by a millennium. This book tells the story of how one of the most celebrated figures in the history of mathematics, optics, and mechanics came to apply his unique ways of thinking to problems of history, theology, and mythology, and of how his radical ideas produced an uproar that reverberated in Europe’s learned circles throughout the eighteenth century and beyond. The book reveals the manner in which Newton strove for nearly half a century to rectify universal history by reading ancient texts through the lens of astronomy, and to create a tight theoretical system for interpreting the evolution of civilization on the basis of population dynamics. It was during Newton’s earliest years at Cambridge that he developed the core of his singular method for generating and working with trustworthy knowledge, which he applied to his study of the past with the same rigor he brought to his work in physics and mathematics. Drawing extensively on Newton’s unpublished papers and a host of other primary sources, the book reconciles Isaac Newton the rational scientist with Newton the natural philosopher, alchemist, theologian, and chronologist of ancient history.

From Culturazing Nature to Naturalizing Culture: The Differing Function of Animal Imagery in Defining Bodies from Homer’s Odysseus to Margaret Atwood’s The Penelopiad

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Begüm Tuğlu
Keyword(s):  
Primary Sources ◽  
Western Society ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
Women Authors ◽  
Western Literature ◽  
Male Characters ◽  
Animal Imagery ◽  
Literary Heritage ◽  
Man And Nature ◽  
History Of

Feminist authors have long been trying to alter the patriarchal structure of the Western society through different aspects. One of these aspects, if not the strongest, is the struggle to overcome centuries long dominance of male authors who have created a masculine history, culture and literature. As recent works of women authors reveal, the strongest possibility of actually achieving an equalitarian society lies beneath the chance of rewriting the history of Western literature. Since the history of Western literature relies on dichotomies that are reminiscences of modernity, the solution to overcome the inequality between the two sexes seems to be to rewrite the primary sources that have influenced the cultural heritage of literature itself. The most dominant dichotomies that shape this literary heritage are represented through the bonds between the concepts of women/man and nature/culture. As one of the most influential epics that depict these dichotomies, Homer's Odysseus reveals how poetry strengthens the authority of the male voice. In order to define the ideal "man", Homer uses a wide scope of animal imagery while forming the identities of male characters. Margaret Atwood, on the other hand, is not contended with Homer's poem in that it never narrates the story from the side of women. As a revisionist mythmaker, Atwood takes the famous story of Odysseus, yet this time presents it from the perspective of Penelope, simultaneously playing on the animal imagery. Within this frame, I intend to explore in this paper how the animal imagery in Homer's most renowned Odysseus functions as a reinforcing tool in the creation of masculine identities and how Margaret Atwood's The Penelopiad defies this formation of identities with the aim of narrating the story from the unheard side, that of the women who are eminently present yet never heard.

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