scholarly journals State-of-the-art of historical earthquake investigation in Bulgaria

2009 ◽  
Vol 47 (2-3) ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Glavcheva
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Historical Earthquake ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Historical Seismology ◽  
The Road ◽  
Central Eastern

This paper deals with non-instrumental seismology development in Bulgaria (the central-eastern part of the Balkan peninsula). The first steps and products of this scientific branch are discussed because they have traced the road of present-day historical seismology in this country. The sources of information on long-term seismicity are critically reviewed. Some recent studies, which contribute to an improvement of the supporting data sets, are also discussed. A special emphasis is laid on the rules adopted to solve different cases as well as on the aspects, by which our understanding of the seismogenesis throughout the present-day Bulgarian lands has been enhanced.

Fast motion tracking based on moth-flame optimization and kernel correlation filter

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 3825-3837
Author(s):  
Yibin Chen ◽  
Guohao Nie ◽  
Huanlong Zhang ◽  
Yuxing Feng ◽  
Guanglu Yang
Keyword(s):  
Motion Tracking ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Candidate Region ◽  
Correlation Filter ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Search Window ◽  
Tracking Method ◽  
Fast Motion ◽  
Kernel Correlation

Kernel Correlation Filter (KCF) tracker has shown great potential on precision, robustness and efficiency. However, the candidate region used to train the correlation filter is fixed, so tracking is difficult when the target escapes from the search window due to fast motion. In this paper, an improved KCF is put forward for long-term tracking. At first, the moth-flame optimization (MFO) algorithm is introduced into tracking to search for lost target. Then, the candidate sample strategy of KCF tracking method is adjusted by MFO algorithm to make it has the capability of fast motion tracking. Finally, we use the conservative learning correlation filter to judge the moving state of the target, and combine the improved KCF tracker to form a unified tracking framework. The proposed algorithm is tested on a self-made dataset benchmark. Moreover, our method obtains scores for both the distance precision plot (0.891 and 0.842) and overlap success plots (0.631 and 0.601) on the OTB-2013 and OTB-2015 data sets, respectively. The results demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness compared with the state-of-the-art methods, especially in dealing with fast or uncertain motion.

scholarly journals Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1437-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Sakazaki ◽  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
Masato Shiotani
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Free Running

Abstract. Atmospheric solar tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere are investigated using temperature data from five state-of-the-art reanalysis data sets (MERRA-2, MERRA, JRA-55, ERA-Interim, and CFSR) as well as TIMED SABER and Aura MLS satellite measurements. The main focus is on the period 2006–2012 during which the satellite observations are available for direct comparison with the reanalyses. Diurnal migrating tides, semidiurnal migrating tides, and nonmigrating tides are diagnosed. Overall the reanalyses agree reasonably well with each other and with the satellite observations for both migrating and nonmigrating components, including their vertical structure and the seasonality. However, the agreement among reanalyses is more pronounced in the lower stratosphere and relatively weaker in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A systematic difference between SABER and the reanalyses is found for diurnal migrating tides in the upper stratosphere and the lower mesosphere; specifically, the amplitude of trapped modes in reanalyses is significantly smaller than that in SABER, although such difference is less clear between MLS and the reanalyses. The interannual variability and the possibility of long-term changes in migrating tides are also examined using the reanalyses during 1980–2012. All the reanalyses agree in exhibiting a clear quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tides, but the most significant indications of long-term changes in the tides represented in the reanalyses are most plausibly explained by the evolution of the satellite observing systems during this period. The tides are also compared in the full reanalyses produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency (i.e., JRA-55) and in two parallel data sets from this agency: one (JRA-55C) that repeats the reanalysis procedure but without any satellite data assimilated and one (JRA-55AMIP) that is a free-running integration of the model constrained only by observed sea surface temperatures. Many aspects of the tides are closer in JRA-55C and JRA-55AMIP than these are to the full reanalysis JRA-55, demonstrating the importance of the assimilation of satellite data in representing the diurnal variability of the middle atmosphere. In contrast to the assimilated data sets, the free-running model has no QBO in equatorial stratospheric mean circulation and our results show that it displays no quasi-biennial variability in the tides.

scholarly journals Representation of solar tides in the stratosphere and lower mesosphere in state-of-the-art reanalyses and in satellite observations

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takatoshi Sakazaki ◽  
Masatomo Fujiwara ◽  
Masato Shiotani
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Data ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Japan Meteorological Agency ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Long Term Changes ◽  
Free Running

Abstract. Atmospheric solar tides in the stratosphere and the lower mesosphere are investigated using temperature data from five state-of-the-art reanalysis data sets (MERRA-2, MERRA, JRA-55, ERA-Interim and CFSR) as well as TIMED/SABER and Aura/MLS satellite measurements. The main focus is on the period 2006–2012 during which the satellite observations are available for direct comparison with the reanalyses. Diurnal migrating tides, semidiurnal migrating tides, and nonmigrating tides are diagnosed. Overall the reanalyses agree reasonably well with each other and with the satellite observations for both migrating and nonmigrating components including their vertical structure and the seasonality. However, the agreement among reanalyses is more pronounced in the lower stratosphere and relatively weaker in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere. A systematic difference between SABER and reanalyses is found for diurnal migrating tides in the upper stratosphere and the lower mesosphere, specifically that the amplitude of trapped modes in reanalyses is significantly smaller than that in SABER, although such difference is less clear between MLS and reanalyses. The interannual variability and the possibility of long-term changes of migrating tides are also examined using the reanalyses during 1980-2012. All the reanalyses agree in exhibiting a clear quasi biennial oscillation (QBO) in the tides, but the most significant indications of long-term changes in the tides represented in the reanalyses are most plausibly explained by the evolution of the satellite observing systems during this period. The tides are also compared in the full reanalyses produced by the Japan Meteorological Agency (i.e. JRA-55) and in two parallel data sets from this agency: one (JRA-55C) which repeats the reanalysis procedure but without any satellite data assimilated, and one (JRA-55AMIP) that is a free-running integration of the model constrained only by observed sea surface temperatures. Many aspects of the tides are closer in JRA-55C and JRA-55AMIP than these are to the full reanalysis JRA-55, demonstrating the importance of the assimilation of satellite data in representing the diurnal variability of the middle atmosphere. In contrast to the assimilated data sets, the free running model has no QBO in equatorial stratospheric mean circulation and our results show that it displays no quasibiennial variability in the tides.

TrustSVD: A Novel Trust-Based Matrix Factorization Model with User Trust and Item Ratings

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Sobha Rani
Keyword(s):  
Matrix Factorization ◽  
Social Trust ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Recommendation Algorithm ◽  
Active User ◽  
Factorization Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Matrix Factorization Technique

Collaborative filtering suffers from the problems of data sparsity and cold start, which dramatically degrade recommendation performance. To help resolve these issues, we propose TrustSVD, a trust-based matrix factorization technique. By analyzing the social trust data from four real-world data sets, we conclude that not only the explicit but also the implicit influence of both ratings and trust should be taken into consideration in a recommendation model. Hence, we build on top of a state-of-the-art recommendation algorithm SVD++ which inherently involves the explicit and implicit influence of rated items, by further incorporating both the explicit and implicit influence of trusted users on the prediction of items for an active user. To our knowledge, the work reported is the first to extend SVD++ with social trust information. Experimental results on the four data sets demonstrate that our approach TrustSVD achieves better accuracy than other ten counterparts, and can better handle the concerned issues.

Evidence for a single mechanism gating perceptual and long-term memory information into working memory

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sam Verschooren ◽  
Yoav Kessler ◽  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Source Selection ◽  
Single Mechanism ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Selection Of

An influential view of working memory (WM) holds that its’ contents are controlled by a selective gating mechanism that allows for relevant perceptual information to enter WM when opened, but shields WM contents from interference when closed. In support of this idea, prior studies using the reference-back paradigm have established behavioral costs for opening and closing the gate between perception and WM. WM also frequently requires input from long-term memory (LTM), but it is currently unknown whether a similar gate controls the selection of LTM representations into WM, and how WM gating of perceptual vs. LTM sources of information relate to each other. To address these key theoretical questions, we devised a novel version of the reference-back paradigm, where participants switched between gating perceptual and LTM information into WM. We observed clear evidence for gate opening and closing costs in both cases. Moreover, the pattern of costs associated with gating and source-switching indicated that perceptual and LTM information is gated into WM via a single gate, and rely on a shared source-selection mechanism. These findings extend current models of WM gating to encompass LTM information, and outline a new functional WM architecture.

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders: Employment Issues in the United States

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-69
Author(s):  
Marlene Kim
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
The United States ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Pacific Islanders ◽  
Native Hawaiians ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
High Poverty ◽  
Unemployment Rates

Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders (AAPIs) in the United States face problems of discrimination, the glass ceiling, and very high long-term unemployment rates. As a diverse population, although some Asian Americans are more successful than average, others, like those from Southeast Asia and Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders (NHPIs), work in low-paying jobs and suffer from high poverty rates, high unemployment rates, and low earnings. Collecting more detailed and additional data from employers, oversampling AAPIs in current data sets, making administrative data available to researchers, providing more resources for research on AAPIs, and enforcing nondiscrimination laws and affirmative action mandates would assist this population.

scholarly journals Documentary data and the study of past droughts: a global state of the art

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 1915-1960 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
Andrea Kiss ◽  
Jürg Luterbacher ◽  
David J. Nash ◽  
Ladislava Řezníčková
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Drought Indices ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Climatic Trends ◽  
Instrumental Observations ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Epigraphic Evidence ◽  
Administrative Evidence

Abstract. The use of documentary evidence to investigate past climatic trends and events has become a recognised approach in recent decades. This contribution presents the state of the art in its application to droughts. The range of documentary evidence is very wide, including general annals, chronicles, memoirs and diaries kept by missionaries, travellers and those specifically interested in the weather; records kept by administrators tasked with keeping accounts and other financial and economic records; legal-administrative evidence; religious sources; letters; songs; newspapers and journals; pictographic evidence; chronograms; epigraphic evidence; early instrumental observations; society commentaries; and compilations and books. These are available from many parts of the world. This variety of documentary information is evaluated with respect to the reconstruction of hydroclimatic conditions (precipitation, drought frequency and drought indices). Documentary-based drought reconstructions are then addressed in terms of long-term spatio-temporal fluctuations, major drought events, relationships with external forcing and large-scale climate drivers, socio-economic impacts and human responses. Documentary-based drought series are also considered from the viewpoint of spatio-temporal variability for certain continents, and their employment together with hydroclimate reconstructions from other proxies (in particular tree rings) is discussed. Finally, conclusions are drawn, and challenges for the future use of documentary evidence in the study of droughts are presented.

scholarly journals Segment-Based Approach for Assessing Hazard Risk of Coastal Highways in Hawai‘i

2019 ◽  
Vol 2673 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harrison Togia ◽  
Oceana P. Francis ◽  
Karl Kim ◽  
Guohui Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Regional Environment ◽  
The Road ◽  
Hazard Exposure ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
System Data ◽  
Rural Highway ◽  
Geographic Information System Data

Hazards to roadways and travelers can be drastically different because hazards are largely dependent on the regional environment and climate. This paper describes the development of a qualitative method for assessing infrastructure importance and hazard exposure for rural highway segments in Hawai‘i under different conditions. Multiple indicators of roadway importance are considered, including traffic volume, population served, accessibility, connectivity, reliability, land use, and roadway connection to critical infrastructures, such as hospitals and police stations. The method of evaluating roadway hazards and importance can be tailored to fit different regional hazard scenarios. It assimilates data from diverse sources to estimate risks of disruption. A case study for Highway HI83 in Hawai‘i, which is exposed to multiple hazards, is conducted. Weakening of the road by coastal erosion, inundation from sea level rise, and rockfall hazards require adaptation solutions. By analyzing the risk of disruption to highway segments, adaptation approaches can be prioritized. Using readily available geographic information system data sets for the exposure and impacts of potential hazards, this method could be adapted not only for emergency management but also for planning, design, and engineering of resilient highways.

Epidemiological Evidence that Maternal Influenza Contributes to the Aetiology of Schizophrenia

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (4) ◽  
pp. 522-534 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Adams ◽  
R. E. Kendell ◽  
E. H. Hare ◽  
P. Munk-Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Data Sets ◽  
Time Lags ◽  
Epidemiological Evidence ◽  
Intrauterine Development ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Schizophrenic Patients ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Monthly Incidence ◽  
Maternal Influenza

The epidemiological evidence that the offspring of women exposed to influenza in pregnancy are at increased risk of schizophrenia is conflicting. In an attempt to clarify the issue we explored the relationship between the monthly incidence of influenza (and measles) in the general population and the distribution of birth dates of three large series of schizophrenic patients - 16 960 Scottish patients born in 1932–60; 22 021 English patients born in 1921–60; and 18 723 Danish patients born in 1911–65. Exposure to the 1957 epidemic of A2 influenza in midpregnancy was associated with an increased incidence of schizophrenia, at least in females, in all three data sets. We also confirmed the previous report of a statistically significant long-term relationship between patients' birth dates and outbreaks of influenza in the English series, with time lags of - 2 and - 3 months (the sixth and seventh months of pregnancy). Despite several other negative studies by ourselves and others we conclude that these relationships are probably both genuine and causal; and that maternal influenza during the middle third of intrauterine development, or something closely associated with it, is implicated in the aetiology of some cases of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals A novel optimal multi-pattern matching method with wildcards for DNA sequence

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 115-124
Author(s):  
Xinlu Wang ◽  
Ahmed A.F. Saif ◽  
Dayou Liu ◽  
Yungang Zhu ◽  
Jon Atli Benediktsson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Pattern Matching ◽  
Health Informatics ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Machine Language ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Fundamental Issue ◽  
Matching Method ◽  
Dna Sequence Alignment ◽  
The Given

BACKGROUND: DNA sequence alignment is one of the most fundamental and important operation to identify which gene family may contain this sequence, pattern matching for DNA sequence has been a fundamental issue in biomedical engineering, biotechnology and health informatics. OBJECTIVE: To solve this problem, this study proposes an optimal multi pattern matching with wildcards for DNA sequence. METHODS: This proposed method packs the patterns and a sliding window of texts, and the window slides along the given packed text, matching against stored packed patterns. RESULTS: Three data sets are used to test the performance of the proposed algorithm, and the algorithm was seen to be more efficient than the competitors because its operation is close to machine language. CONCLUSIONS: Theoretical analysis and experimental results both demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods and is especially effective for the DNA sequence.

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