scholarly journals Brexit and state aid control: four quartets

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-12
Author(s):  
Andrea Biondi
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Regulatory Regime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Four Quartets ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
State Aid Control

The United Kingdom Government has recently given its clearest indication yet that a domestic state aid regulatory regime, would have to be in place at the end of the Brexit process. The Competition and Markets Authority has been designated as the domestic state aid regulator. This article reassesses the importance of the provisions on state aid within the European Union legal order and reviews the control of subsidies in international trade law, both under World Trade Organization rules and in the EU's trade agreements with third countries. It further examines the challenges and opportunities presented by a process of decentralization of state aid control in the United Kingdom in the context of the negotiations for a future EU-UK trade agreement.

scholarly journals New chapter in EU-UK relations: Ambitious unprecedented partnership or the first trade and cooperation agreement setting barriers and removing freedoms

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-563
Author(s):  
Jovan Vujičić
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cooperation Agreement ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Eu Membership

In this paper the author analyses the new relationship between the European Union and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. Given the scope and complexity of the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, the intention was not to explain in detail all its aspects, but only the basic and most important provisions. First of all, those of the free trade agreement, but also in the areas where ties are being renewed, which would otherwise be interrupted by the withdrawal of the United Kingdom. Although it does not reflect the benefits of EU membership, the agreement certainly limits the negative consequences compared to the situation without it and provides much needed predictability and certainty, allowing Europe to leave Brexit behind and move on.

scholarly journals IMPACTO DEL TLC PERU – UNION EUROPEA EN LAS EXPORTACIONES PERUANAS DE MANGOS AL REINO UNIDO. IMPACT OF THE FREE TRADE AGREEMENT PERU - EUROPEAN UNION IN PERUVIAN MANGO EXPORTS TO THE UNITED KINGDOM.

LOGOS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mag. Alfonso Cossio Carlín
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Product Portfolio ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Preferential Access

RESUMENEl Objetivo General de la presente investigación es determinar el impacto que ha tenido el Tratado de Libre Comercio entre Perú y la Unión Europea en las exportaciones peruanas de mangos al Reino Unido (Inglaterra, Irlanda del Norte, Escocia y Gales). Las causas de dicho incremento no solamente se basan en un acceso preferencial (eliminación de aranceles de importación) sino también al aumento en el consumo de dicha fruta por parte de los residentes del Reino Unido. Este Tratado de Libre Comercio forma parte de una estrategia comercial integral que busca convertir al Perú en un país exportador, consolidando más mercados para su portafolio de productos, desarrollando una oferta exportable competitiva y promoviendo el comercio y la inversión, para brindar mayores oportunidades económicas y mejores niveles de vida.Por lo que en el presente artículo se presentan los siguientes ítems:IntroducciónMaterial y MétodoResultadosConclusionesBibliografíaPalabras claves: Tratado de Libre Comercio, consumo de mango, acceso preferencial.SUMMARYThe general objective of this research is to determine the impact that has had the Free Trade Agreement between Peru and the European Union in Peruvian exports of mangoes to the United Kingdom (England, Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales). The causes of this increase not only rely on preferential access (elimination of import tariffs) but also to increased consumption of the fruit by UK residents.This FTA is part of a comprehensive business strategy that seeks to turn Peru into an exporter, consolidating more markets for its product portfolio, developing a competitive export supply and promoting trade and investment, to provide greater economic opportunities and improved living standards.So in this article, the following items are presented:• Introduction• Material and Methods• Results• Conclusions• BibliographyKeywords: Free Trade, consumption of mango, preferential access.

scholarly journals Consequences of Using Two Types of Skin Samples from Chilled Chicken Broiler Carcasses To Measure the Degree of Contamination by Campylobacter spp.

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 1124-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. HUTCHISON ◽  
M.A. TCHÓRZEWSKA ◽  
D HARRISON ◽  
R. H. MADDEN ◽  
J. E. L. CORRY
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Surveillance Program ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Degree Of Contamination ◽  
Sample Mass ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
Ongoing Surveillance ◽  
Campylobacter Spp ◽  
Skin Samples

ABSTRACT Because of concerns regarding the prevalence of Campylobacter in chicken meat, member countries in the European Union (EU) undertook a surveillance program to determine Campylobacter levels on chicken carcasses. A sample mass of 25 g principally composed of neck skin was used, although breast skin could also be used if there were insufficient neck skin to meet the required sample mass. The aim was to establish a baseline for Campylobacter contamination of carcasses against which future interventions could be assessed. However, in the United Kingdom researchers wanted to explore whether different ratios of neck to breast skin in samples could affect the results obtained. A comparison of the Campylobacter levels on neck and breast skin samples obtained from the same chilled chicken carcasses was undertaken at four chicken slaughterhouses. The neck skins were significantly more heavily contaminated (P < 0.05) with Campylobacter than was breast skin. Statistical analyses revealed no relationship that would allow a conversion between levels obtained on the two skin types. Ongoing surveillance of Campylobacter for 6 years was funded by United Kingdom poultry processors using samples consisting solely of neck skin, and the results of this surveillance (2011 to 2016) are reported here. Given the higher Campylobacter levels on a sample exclusively consisting of neck skin, this protocol could yield results with which the poultry industry would find it more difficult to achieve the contamination reduction target. The contamination reduction target for the United Kingdom (≤10% of chicken carcasses exceeding neck skin Campylobacter levels of 1,000 CFU/g) was not met by the end of 2015, the date stipulated by the United Kingdom government. HIGHLIGHTS

Competition Policy, Regulatory Architecture, and Public Intervention in the Crisis

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Vives
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Competition Policy ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
State Ownership ◽  
State Aid ◽  
Banking Union ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Public Intervention ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Regulatory Architecture

This chapter examines the optimal design of the financial regulatory architecture and the relationship it should have with the competition policy authority. It first considers cases in the European Union and the developments since the adoption of banking union proposals, along with the reform in the United Kingdom since the 2007–2009 crisis. It then discusses public interventions in crisis and how competitive distortions of state aid and mergers induced by the crisis can be dealt with by competition policy. It also explores the consequences of state ownership and the performance of hybrid institutions such as savings banks as well as the state aid policy in the EU banking sector. The chapter goes on to assess the role of competition policy in addressing the too-big-to-fail (TBTF) problem before concluding with an analysis of the treatment of mergers in crisis situations, focusing on cases in Spain, the United Kingdom, and the United States.

Disposing of John Lindley's library and herbarium: the offer to Australia

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. LUCAS
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Final Disposal ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Royal Horticultural Society ◽  
Royal Botanic Gardens ◽  
United Kingdom Government ◽  
The University ◽  
Joseph Hooker

Shortly before he died, John Lindley decided to dispose of his herbarium and botanical library. He sold his orchid herbarium to the United Kingdom government for deposit at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and then offered his library and the remainder of his herbarium to Ferdinand Mueller in Melbourne. On his behalf, Joseph Hooker had earlier unsuccessfully offered the library and remnant herbarium to the University of Sydney, using the good offices of Sir Charles Nicholson. Although neither the University of Sydney nor Mueller was able to raise the necessary funds to purchase either collection, the correspondence allows a reconstruction of a catalogue of Lindley's library, and poses some questions about Joseph Hooker's motives in attempting to dispose of Lindley's material outside the United Kingdom. The final disposal of the herbarium to Cambridge and previous analyses of the purchase of his Library for the Royal Horticultural Society are discussed. A list of the works from Lindley's library offered for sale to Australia is appended.

Euratom and Brexit: Could the United Kingdom Maintain One Foot in the European Union? Current Scenarios and Future Prospects of British withdrawal from the EAEC

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-151
Author(s):  
Andrea Circolo ◽  
Ondrej Hamuľák
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Independent Solution ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The Status ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Energy Community ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The paper focuses on the very topical issue of conclusion of the membership of the State, namely the United Kingdom, in European integration structures. The ques­tion of termination of membership in European Communities and European Union has not been tackled for a long time in the sources of European law. With the adop­tion of the Treaty of Lisbon (2009), the institute of 'unilateral' withdrawal was intro­duced. It´s worth to say that exit clause was intended as symbolic in its nature, in fact underlining the status of Member States as sovereign entities. That is why this institute is very general and the legal regulation of the exercise of withdrawal contains many gaps. One of them is a question of absolute or relative nature of exiting from integration structures. Today’s “exit clause” (Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union) regulates only the termination of membership in the European Union and is silent on the impact of such a step on membership in the European Atomic Energy Community. The presented paper offers an analysis of different variations of the interpretation and solution of the problem. It´s based on the independent solution thesis and therefore rejects an automa­tism approach. The paper and topic is important and original especially because in the multitude of scholarly writings devoted to Brexit questions, vast majority of them deals with institutional questions, the interpretation of Art. 50 of Treaty on European Union; the constitutional matters at national UK level; future relation between EU and UK and political bargaining behind such as all that. The question of impact on withdrawal on Euratom membership is somehow underrepresented. Present paper attempts to fill this gap and accelerate the scholarly debate on this matter globally, because all consequences of Brexit already have and will definitely give rise to more world-wide effects.

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