The Migration Industry and the Commercialization of International Migration

Revista Trace ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rubén Hernández León

En este artículo se propone la conceptuación de la industria de la migración. La industria de la migración es el conjunto de empresarios, negocios e infraestructuras que, motivados por la búsqueda de ganancias económicas, prestan servicios que facilitan y sostienen la migración internacional. Aunque la industria de la migración ha estado presente y entretejida en la literatura sobre la movilidad humana internacional desde hace mucho tiempo, las teorías de la migración la han tratado como un objeto de estudio marginal y la han reducido a sus dimensiones de ilegalidad e informalidad. En este artículo se argumenta en favor de una conceptuación exhaustiva de dicha industria, en la que se incluyen las actividades legales, ilegales, formales e informales y la interacción y articulación de la industria de la migración con los actores clave del proceso social de la migración internacional: gobiernos, empleadores, migrantes y sus redes y organizaciones defensoras de migrantes.Abstract: This article proposes the conceptualization of the term migration industry. Migration industry is the set of entrepreneurs, businesses and infrastructures that, driven by financial gain, offer services which facilitates and support international migration. Even though the concept of migration industry has long been present and intertwined with the literature on international human mobility, migration theories have always treated it as a marginal object of study and have reduced it to its illegal and informal dimensions. This article gives arguments in favor of an exhaustive conceptualization of this industry, which includes legal, illegal, formal and informal activities, and the interaction and articulation of the migration industry with the key actors of the social process of international migration: governments, employers, migrants and their networks, as well as organizations that advocate the defense of migrants.Résumé : Cet article propose la conceptualisation du terme industrie de la migration. L’industrie de la migration est l’ensemble des entrepreneurs, des affaires et des infrastructures qui, motivés par l’obtention de profits économiques, offrent des services qui facilitent et soutiennent la migration internationale. Même s’il y a longtemps que le concept d’industrie de la migration est présent et entremêlé à la littérature sur la mobilité humaine internationale, les théories de migration l’ont toujours traité comme un objet d’étude marginal en le réduisant à l’illégalité et aux affaires informelles. Dans cet article on donne des arguments à faveur d’une conceptualisation exhaustive de cette industrie qui inclut les activités légales, illégales, formelles et informelles. On traite aussi de l’interaction et de l’articulation de l’industrie de la migration avec les acteurs clé du processus social de la migration internationale : les gouvernements, les employeurs, les migrants et leurs réseaux, et les organisations de défense des migrants.


Author(s):  
Khalid Koser

‘Migration and globalization’ shows how international migration is an important dimension of globalization. Growing developmental, demographic, and democratic disparities provide powerful incentives to move and the segmentation of labour markets in richer countries is creating increasing demand for migrant workers there. Migration has been facilitated by revolutions in communications and transport; the development of migration networks; and the establishment of rights and entitlements for migrant workers. The growth of a migration industry adds further momentum to international migration, even where it is not officially permitted. There are more reasons and additional means to migrate than ever before.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja K. Franck ◽  
Emanuelle Brandström Arellano ◽  
Joseph Trawicki Anderson

Abstract Recent research on the ‘migration industry’ has provided a means to interrogate how private actors come to be used as a means to facilitate, direct and control migration. Both through incorporating private actors into security functions and outsourcing certain functions to labour brokers, the use of migration industry actors is an important part of the ways in which the state works to maintain its sovereign control over territory and the ways people move across it. Yet this is not the only way in which migration industry actors are used. Instead, private actors also play a key role for migrants, although attention towards how migrants themselves perceive and use these actors during the migration process has received far less attention. Using timelines of migrant trajectories from Burma/Myanmar to Malaysia, the following study therefore sets out to map the private actors involved in the migrants’ projects to travel to and stay in Malaysia—and to investigate how these actors are strategically used by migrants as a means to increase their room to manoeuvre during the migration process. In approaching this, the study combines literature on the privatisation and commercialisation of international migration with scholarship on migration trajectories and migrant agency. Empirically the study builds upon fieldwork conducted in the Burmese migrant community in the city of George Town in northern Malaysia.


2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-143
Author(s):  
Julie Boyles

An ethnographic case study approach to understanding women’s actions and reactions to husbands’ emigration—or potential emigration—offers a distinct set of challenges to a U.S.-based researcher.  International migration research in a foreign context likely offers challenges in language, culture, lifestyle, as well as potential gender norm impediments. A mixed methods approach contributed to successfully overcoming barriers through an array of research methods, strategies, and tactics, as well as practicing flexibility in data gathering methods. Even this researcher’s influence on the research was minimized and alleviated, to a degree, through ascertaining common ground with many of the women. Research with the women of San Juan Guelavía, Oaxaca, Mexico offered numerous and constant challenges, each overcome with ensuing rewards.


2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 545-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Tissot

The aim of this article is to clarify the role of the organisations that support skilled migrants after a relocation, using the analytical concept of migration industry. The concept is used as a tool to explore the gap between the macro and the micro levels and by that stresses the crucial meso-level when it comes to conceptualizing (skilled) migration. I use 30 semi-directive interviews with skilled migrants and six interviews with key informants in the migration industry as a basis for the analysis, leading me to distinguish three main services at the heart of this industry. Each service is covered by distinct private actors: the basic needs of the family by relocation offices, the education of the children by international schools, and the careers of the partner by outplacement agencies.


2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Escobar Latapi

Although the migration – development nexus is widely recognized as a complex one, it is generally thought that there is a relationship between poverty and emigration, and that remittances lessen inequality. On the basis of Latin American and Mexican data, this chapter intends to show that for Mexico, the exchange of migrants for remittances is among the lowest in Latin America, that extreme poor Mexicans don't migrate although the moderately poor do, that remittances have a small, non-significant impact on the most widely used inequality index of all households and a very large one on the inequality index of remittance-receiving households, and finally that, to Mexican households, the opportunity cost of international migration is higher than remittance income. In summary, there is a relationship between poverty and migration (and vice versa), but this relationship is far from linear, and in some respects may be a perverse one for Mexico and for Mexican households.


2009 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Michelle J. Moran-Taylor

Understanding the return aspect of international migration is vital because returnees replete with new ideas, perceptions on life, and monies affect every dimension of social life in migrants’ places of origin.  Yet, return migration remains uneven and an understudied aspect of migratory flows because migration scholars have privileged why individuals migrate, the underlying motivations for their moves abroad, and how migrants assimilate and succeed in their destinations abroad. Drawing on ethnographic research, this article addresses the migratory flows of Ladino and Mayan Guatemalans:  those who go North, but in particular, those who come South. And in doing so, it highlights their similar and divergent responses towards migration processes.


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