scholarly journals Diaphragmatic hernia in an adult cadaver: a case report

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (01) ◽  
pp. 019-022
Author(s):  
R. Punja ◽  
S. Tewari ◽  
J. Malsawmzuali ◽  
A. D'Souza ◽  
S. Kalthur
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Large Defect ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Septum Transversum ◽  
Continuous Sheet

Abstract Introduction: The diaphragm is a musculofibrous structure that separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. Although it is a continuous sheet, developmental^ it is derived from four different sources: the septum transversum, pleuroperitoneal membranes, lateral and dorsal body wall and the mesentery of oesophagus. Methodology: During routine dissection for undergraduate students in the department of Anatomy, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal a rare variation was encountered in a 65 year old female cadaver. Results: We observed a large defect in the left anterolateral aspect of the diaphragm with associated left pulmonary hypoplasia. The muscular contribution to the diaphragm from the left lateral and dorsal body wall was absent leading to the herniation of abdominal contents into the left thoracic cavity which included the stomach, intestinal loops, left colic flexure and the spleen. Conclusion: Diaphragmatic hernias presenting in adult life are rare and most commonly associated with a history of trauma. Congenital diaphragmatic hernia may remain asymptomatic as in the present case which is extremely rare and could be a chance finding during a routine chest x-ray. Knowledge of this anatomic defect in the diaphragm presenting in adult life would help prevent further complications leading to gastrointestinal or pulmonary distress.

scholarly journals Surgical Approach in Management of Posttraumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia: Thoracotomy versus Laparotomy

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Ahmed Shabhay ◽  
Pius Horumpende ◽  
Zarina Shabhay ◽  
Sjef G. Van Baal ◽  
Ester Lazaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Surgical Approach ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Left Lobe ◽  
Delayed Presentation ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Visceral Injury ◽  
Traumatic Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Diaphragmatic Repair ◽  
Management Approaches

Breach in diaphragmatic musculature permits abdominal viscera to herniate into the thoracic cavity. Time of presentation and associated injuries determines the surgical approach in management. This case report sets to highlight the challenges in clinical diagnosis, radiological interpretation, and surgical management approaches of posttraumatic diaphragmatic hernia. We report a case of a 43 years old male who was diagnosed with traumatic diaphragmatic hernia 6 months post blunt thoracoabdominal trauma due to motor traffic accident. He was initially diagnosed with haemothorax, drained with an underwater thoracostomy tube, and discharged. He continued to experience on and off chest pain worsening postfeeding, difficulty in breathing and abdominal pain for the next six months until his eventual diaphragmatic hernia diagnosis. He was scheduled for an elective thoracotomy. A left posterolateral thoracic over the 7th intercostal space incision was used. Intraoperatively, the stomach, left lobe of liver, part of transverse colon, small bowel, and omentum had herniated into the thoracic cavity adhering into thoracic viscera and wall. Adhesiolysis was done, and abdominal organs reduced into abdominal cavity. Rent was closed by interrupted Prolene sutures reinforced with a mesh. In patients with delayed presentation of diaphragmatic hernia post blunt thoracoabdominal injury without associated intra-abdominal visceral injury, we recommend the thoracic diaphragmatic repair approach as long-standing herniated bowels might adhere with thoracic cavity walls or viscera. In such cases, adhesiolysis and rent repair is easier through thoracotomy.

scholarly journals Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in the dog and cat

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 189
Author(s):  
X. NIKIPHOROU ◽  
R. CHIOTI ◽  
M. N. PATSIKAS ◽  
L. G. PAPAZOGLOU
Keyword(s):  
Diagnostic Imaging ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Plain Radiography ◽  
Exercise Intolerance ◽  
Abdominal Organs ◽  
Septum Transversum ◽  
Peritoneopericardial Diaphragmatic Hernia

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a congenital communication between the pericardial sac and the abdominal cavity allowing displacement of abdominal organs to the pericardial sac. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is thought to occur due to a failure of the development of septum transversum. Vomiting, exercise intolerance and respiratory distress are the most common clinical signs. Diagnosis of PPDH is based on plain radiography. Physical examination and diagnostic imaging may detect the presence of other congenital anomalies. Surgical repair of the PPDH is the treatment of choice for animals with clinical signs. Prognosis following surgical repair of PPDH is favorable. Animals with no clinical signs related to PPDH may not undergo surgical repair.

New Concept for a Thoracic Drainage System Using Magnetic Actuation

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 705-711
Author(s):  
Daisuke Taniguchi ◽  
Keitaro Matsumoto ◽  
Yoshihiro Kondo ◽  
Tomoshi Tsuchiya ◽  
Ikuo Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Magnetic Actuation ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Common Procedure ◽  
Thoracic Drainage ◽  
Drain Fluid ◽  
Laboratory Trial ◽  
General Surgeons ◽  
Effective Drainage

Objectives. Thoracic drainage is a common procedure to drain fluid, blood, or air from the pleural cavity. Some attempts to develop approaches to new thoracic drainage systems have been made; however, a simple tube is often currently used. The existing drain presupposes that it is placed correctly and that the tip does not require moving after insertion into the thoracic cavity. However, in some cases, the drain is not correctly placed and reinsertion of an additional drain is required, resulting in significant invasiveness to the patient. Therefore, a more effective drainage system is needed. This study aimed to develop and assess a new thoracic drain via a collaboration between medical and engineering personnel. Methods. We developed the concept of a controllable drain system using magnetic actuation. A dry laboratory trial and accompanying questionnaire assessment were performed by a group of thoracic and general surgeons. Objective mechanical measurements were obtained. Porcine experiments were also carried out. Results. In a dry laboratory trial, use of the controllable drain required significantly less time than that required by replacing the drain. The average satisfaction score of the new drainage system was 4.07 out of 5, indicating that most of the research participants were satisfied with the quality of the drain with a magnetic actuation. During the porcine experiment, the transfer of the tip of the drain was possible inside the thoracic cavity and abdominal cavity. Conclusion. This controllable thoracic drain could reduce the invasiveness for patients requiring thoracic or abdominal cavity drainage.

Diaphragmatic Hernia

1983 ◽  
Vol 4 (8) ◽  
pp. 244-266
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diaphragmatic Hernia ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Pulmonary Hypoplasia ◽  
Thoracic Cavity ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
Immediate Surgery

In spite of the availability of almost immediate surgery and neonatal intensive care, congenital diaphragmatic hernia is a life-threatening anomaly in the newborn. It is the result of early embryologic malformation or failure of fusion of the components of the diaphragm allowing for the displacement of the abdominal contents into the thoracic cavity. There is consequent compression of the lung which may result in pulmonary hypoplasia or compression of the cardiovascular structures resulting in deleterious hemodynamic changes. Hypoxia and acidosis result in the presentation of respiratory distress and cyanosis. This is frequently associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension with right to left shunting through fetal circuits.

scholarly journals Variations in the aortic - common iliac bifurcation in man - a cadaveric study

2013 ◽  
Vol 02 (02) ◽  
pp. 056-060
Author(s):  
Maneesha Sharma ◽  
Tripta Sharma ◽  
Richhpal Singh
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Aorta ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Great Vessels ◽  
Exact Position ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Common Iliac Arteries

Abstract Background and aims: The abdominal aorta usually terminates at the level of L4 vertebral body into common iliac arteries. With the present day advancements in vascular surgery and neurological surgeries involving approach to lumbar vertebral bodies, we need to know any variations from this normal course. So, the present study aimed at knowing the anatomical variations in the termination of abdominal aorta and in common iliac arteries which might prove to be of some help in some of such surgeries. Material and methods: The study was conducted on 35 adult (29 males and 6 females) embalmed cadavers obtained from anatomy departments of Govt. Medical college, Amritsar and Gian Sagar Medical college, Ramnagar, Punjab. The abdominal cavity was opened, peritoneum stripped off from aorta at its bifurcation, variations in its termination, common iliac arteries and their branches were carefully observed and recorded. Results: In 54.29% cases the level of aortic bifurcation was found opposite 4th Lumbar vertebra, in the rest it was variable between L3 and L5 vertebra. Conclusions: These variations may lead to some trouble during vertebral surgeries, making it essential to investigate and locate the exact position of great vessels before the commencement of surgery.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of government medical college in Agra, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4578
Author(s):  
Khan I. Aqeel ◽  
S. K. Misra
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Internet Usage ◽  
Government Medical College ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Medical Undergraduate ◽  
Medical Undergraduate Students

Background: Internet has become an essential part of one’s life in this modern era where technology is taking over the world. Risk of Internet addiction (IA) has increased in this year 2020, due to Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, where most of time students are restricted to their homes thus relying on social media to be in touch with outer world, moreover surfing of web, as well as online learning practices increased their screen and internet exposure time. Hence, we conducted a study to assess internet addiction among medical undergraduate students of Government Medical College in Agra.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 600 medical undergraduate students of S.N. Medical College, Agra. A self-administered, pre-validated questionnaire was used and a total of 488 students responded. E-questionnaire consist of questions about demographic information and internet usage pattern, it also contains Young’s IA test scale to measure internet addiction. Data obtained was analyzed and inferences were drawn.Results: The prevalence of IA was 61.5%. Mean ± Standard deviation (SD) age of the participants was 22.27±1.59 years and 48.36% were males. IA was significantly associated with male students, higher family income group and higher year of academic course. IA was also statistically significant with higher number of years since using internet, greater screen and internet usage time.Conclusion: Internet addiction is a growing problem among students of professional courses especially in medical colleges. IA has psychological, physical, and social impact on student’s life. So, it is necessary to develop strategies for prevention of internet addiction.

scholarly journals Effect of maternal anaemia on birth weight of term babies

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1019
Author(s):  
Mohandas Nair ◽  
Gireesh S. ◽  
Rubeena Yakoob ◽  
Cheriyan N. C.
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Head Circumference ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Maternal Anaemia ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Anemia During Pregnancy ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Long Term Impact

Background: Low birth weight is the major determinant of mortality, morbidity and disability in infancy and childhood and has a long-term impact on health outcome in adult life. The objectives of this study were to study the relationship between maternal anemia and birth weight of babies and to study anthropometric measures of babies born to anemic and non-anemic mothers and to correlate the timing of anemia with birth weight of babies.Methods: Term babies born in Institute of Maternal and Child Health, Government Medical College, Kozhikode from November 2014 to October 2016 fulfilling the criteria were divided into 2 groups, cases (term babies with birth weight <2500g) and controls (term babies with weight >2500g) and studied and their maternal hemoglobin values were compared.Results: Maternal anaemia in all three trimesters was found to be more in cases compared to controls. Mean 1st trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.68 g/dl which was significantly lower when compared to controls. Mean 2nd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.36 g/dl compared to 11.47 g/dl in controls. Mean 3rd trimester hemoglobin of cases was 10.42 g/dl which was also significantly lower compared to 11.32 g/dl in controls. SGA babies were also found to be more in cases, 89%, compared to 18% in controls. The difference in head circumference between two groups was not statistically significant. Mean length of babies were higher in controls compared to cases. Mothers with anemia at any time during pregnancy was found to have 4.3 times higher risk of giving birth to low birth weight babies compared to non-anemic mothersConclusion: Anemia during pregnancy is a risk factor for low birth weight and SGA, independent of the trimester. Length of babies born to anaemic mothers is also low. But it does not have a significant effect on head circumference of babies.

scholarly journals OSPE (Objective structured practical examination): Perception of the faculty and students at A Public Sector Medical College in Pakistan.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1519-1524
Author(s):  
Zahid Kamal ◽  
Nauman Aziz ◽  
Hafiza Swaiba Afzal ◽  
Ahmad Zeeshan Jamil ◽  
Muhammad Waseem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Faculty Members ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Practical Examination ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Basic Medical

Objective: Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) is a growing way of assessing the students of medical universities particularly. This study is targeted to compare and assess different perceptions of the faculty and the students towards OSPE at a public sector medical college. Study Design: Cross Sectional Survey. Setting: Sahiwal Medical College Sahiwal. Period: 1st July 2020 to 15th July 2020. Material & Methods: The questionnaire was sent to all the participants by Whatsapp because of COVID-19 pandemic. All the undergrad students of MBBS (500) and all the faculty members (65) of clinical and basic medical sciences were included in the study. Results: The response rate of faculty members was 78.46% and that of undergraduate students was 70.80%. Out of 51 members who responded, 23 (45.10%) were males while 28 (54.90%) were female. Female students were having majority of participation (71.20%). Most of the faculty and students agreed with the fact that ‘The questions asked in the OSPE stations were appropriate and related to the curriculum’ (60.10% and 45.10% respectively). Response to a question ‘OSPE is more transparent, fair and objective as compared to traditional practical examination’ got a nod from faculty members (49%). Almost 76% of the students (strongly agreed and agreed) thought that OSPE was tiring and stressful for them but their respected faculty members thought the opposite. Conclusion: Our study concludes that there is satisfaction of both students and the faculty regarding their perceptions of OSPE at public sector medical college. In our study while comparing, the majority of both the groups were having almost same opinions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document