scholarly journals Exploration of the coefficients of correlation of different segmental measurements with total length of disarticulated femoral bones: a systematic review

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (02) ◽  
pp. 114-122
Author(s):  
L. Khanal ◽  
S. Shah ◽  
S. Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Coefficient Of Correlation ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Forensic Case ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

Abstract Introduction: In a forensic case with availability of femoral fragments, estimation of the total femoral length of the available segment is one of the steps used for estimating an inidividual's stature. This estimation will be more accurate if the segment has a high coefficient of correlation with the total length of the femur. This article reviews the coefficients of correlation of different segmental measurements with femur length. Materials and Methods: Seventeen articles were selected from PubMed, Google Scholar and other public research sharing sites. Articles with coefficients of correlation of segmental measurements with the total length of the femur were included in the study. Results and Discussion: Among the 17 articles, two were related to measurement of the proximal part of the femur only, one was concerned with femoral shaft measurement only, 7 focus on the distal part only, 3 concerned both proximal and distal parts, and 4 articles included all parts of the femur. Sample sizes varied from 50 to 2388 femur bones. The value of the coefficient of correlation (‘r’) was found to vary with respect to gender and nationality. The value of ‘r’ for several width measurements of the segments had a higher correlation among females compared to male individuals. Conclusion: Though segment 1 of the proximal part, segment 3 of the shaft, and the epicondylar and bicondylar breadths of the distal part of the femur are highly correlated with the total length of femur, an investigator should also consider of gender, race, ethnicity and environmental factors when choosing the femur segment that has the highest value of ‘r’.

scholarly journals A comparative analysis of hair morphology of wild and domestic ungulate prey species of Leopard Panthera pardus fusca (Mammalia: Carnivora: Felidae) from Goa, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (15) ◽  
pp. 14971-14978
Author(s):  
Bipin S. Phal Desai ◽  
Avelyno H. D'costa ◽  
S.K. Shyama
Keyword(s):  
Distal Part ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Feeding Habits ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Diet Analysis ◽  
Medial Part ◽  
Wave Type ◽  
Wild Ungulate ◽  
Hair Morphology ◽  
Study Results

Guard hairs were collected from four live domesticated ungulate species and shed guard hairs of six wild ungulate species from zoo captive animals from five individuals each.  Photographic reference was prepared showing analytic features of hair characteristics.  Study results were analysed and cuticle and medulla patterns were identified along with pigmentation features from the literature available for wild and domestic ungulates from India and abroad.  Clear and easily distinguishable morphological characters of hair medulla and cuticle were used in the present study.  Scat analysis of big cats used in this study is easy, speedy and efficient which can be used in routine investigations related to wildlife, crime forensics as well as human animal conflicts by studying carnivore feeding habits.  In a majority of the animal species, the distal part of the hair showed maximum variation from the rest of the hair portions.  The cuticle scales were imbricate in all tested animals.  Scale position in almost all the tested animals was transversal except in goat (proximal part and medial part) and mouse deer (Distal part).  Majority of the species showed smooth margins at proximal and medial part.  Whereas the distal part scale margin was crenate and rippled in appearance the proximal part and medial part of hair of the majority of sampled animals showed a regular wave -type scale pattern whereas the distal part of hair showed irregular wave-type scale pattern in dominance.  The composition of the medulla was multicellular in all the sampled deer species.  Only the cow calf’s hair medulla was unicellular and uniseriate in appearance.  A comparison of the hair of the domestic pig with that of the wild boar and gaur hair with that of cow calf and buffalo calf hair was made for the first time in the present study. Similarly goat hair morphology can also be differentiated from other cervids in this study.  Medulla and cuticle characters in combination with each other can help differentiate wild ungulate species from the domestic ones since these wild ungulate species are frequently involved in hunting crime investigations.  Therefore, the photographic reference presented in this study can be used in wildlife forensic science as well as predator diet analysis as an appropriate reference for prey species identification. 

scholarly journals Stratigraphic revision and reconstruction of the deep-sea fan of the Voirons Flysch (Voirons Nappe, Chablais Prealps)

2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jérémy Ragusa ◽  
Lina Maria Ospina-Ostios ◽  
Pascal Kindler ◽  
Mario Sartori
Keyword(s):  
Deep Sea ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Accretionary Prism ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Lithostratigraphic Units ◽  
Stratigraphic Record ◽  
Sea Fan ◽  
Stratigraphic Evolution ◽  
Depositional Setting

AbstractThe Voirons Flysch (Caron in Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976), is a flysch sequence aggregated into the sedimentary accretionary prism of the Chablais and Swiss Prealps. Its palaeogeographic location is still debated (South Piemont or Valais realm). We herein present a stratigraphic revision of the westernmost unit of the former Gurnigel Nappe sensu Caron (Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 69:297–308, 1976): the Voirons Flysch. This flysch is subdivided into three lithostratigraphic units at the formation level (the Voirons Sandstone, the Vouan Conglomerate, the Boëge Marl), with an additional unit (Bruant Sandstone) of uncertain attribution, ranging from the early Eocene to probably the late Eocene. We further propose a new model of the depositional setting of the deep-sea of the Voirons Flysch based on palaeocurrent directions, the overall geometry and sedimentary features. This model depicts an eastward deflected deep-sea fan. The stratigraphic record of the proximal part of this fan is fairly complete in the Voirons area, whereas its most distal part is only represented by one small exposure of thinly bedded sandstones in the Fenalet quarry. The stratigraphic evolution of the Voirons Flysch shows two major disruptions of the detrital sedimentation at the transition between Voirons Sandstone—Vouan Conglomerate and Vouan Conglomerate—Boëge Marl. The cause of these disturbances has to be constrained in the framework of the palaeogeographic location of the Voirons Flysch.

Culturally Sensitive Assessment of Anxious-Depressive Distress in Vietnam: Avoiding Category Truncation

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 384-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devon E. Hinton ◽  
Amie Alley Pollack ◽  
Bahr Weiss ◽  
Lam T. Trung
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
General Survey ◽  
General Anxiety Disorder ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Standing Up ◽  
Patient Health ◽  
Highly Correlated

The present study investigated what complaints are prominent in psychologically distressed Vietnamese in Vietnam beyond standard symptoms assessed by Western diagnostic instruments for anxiety and depression. To form the initial Vietnamese Symptom and Cultural Syndrome Addendum (VN SSA), we reviewed the literature, consulted experts, and conducted focus groups. The preliminary VN SSA was then used in a general survey (N = 1004) of five provinces in Vietnam. We found that the VN SSA items were highly and significantly correlated with a measure of anxious-depressive psychopathology (a composite measure of the General Anxiety Disorder-7; Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale; and Patient Health Questionnaire-9). The VN SSA item most highly correlated to anxious-depressive psychopathology was “thinking a lot” ( r = .54), reported by 15.8% of the sample. Many other symptoms in the addendum also were prominent, such as orthostatic dizziness (i.e., dizziness upon standing up; r = .41), reported by 22.9% of the sample. By way of comparison, somatic complaints more typically assessed to profile Western anxious-depressive distress, such as palpitations, were less prominent, as evidenced by being less strongly correlated to Western psychiatric symptoms and being less frequent (e.g., palpitations: r = .31, 7.1% of the sample). Study results suggest that to avoid category truncation when profiling anxious-depressive distress among Vietnamese that items other than those in standard psychopathology measures should also be assessed.

Comparison Between Fetal Biometric Measurements (BPD, HC and FL) of Male and Female Fetuses in Population of Pakistan on Antenatal Ultrasound, A Multicentric Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 2080-2082
Author(s):  
Nuzhat Rafeeq ◽  
Ayesha Niaz ◽  
Lubna Noor ◽  
Anum Sultan ◽  
Durre-E-Shahwar Hayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head Circumference ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Multicentric Study ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Antenatal Ultrasound ◽  
Biometric Parameters ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Insignificant Difference

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the fetal biometric growth measurements (Head Circumference, Bi-Parietal Diameter, and Femur Length) between male and female fetuses on antenatal ultrasound in our population. Methodology: This was an observational study carried out in the Department of Radiology CMH Malir, Karachi and Ziauddin hospital, Karachi from July 2016 till July 2018 using non-probability sampling technique. A total of 510 pregnant women with second and third trimester were enrolled for the study. The biometric parameters of fetus i.e., Bi-Parietal Diameter, Head Circumference, and Femur Length were established through two-dimensional ultrasound. Chi-square and t tests were used to analyze differences in biometric parameters in both genders. Results: The study results showed significant differences in the Bi-Parietal Diameter and Head Circumference between male and female fetuses (p=0.006 and p=0.003, respectively). Mean Bi-Parietal Diameter in males was 71.47±13.70 and in females it was68.30±11.90cm, mean Head Circumference in males was 264.23±47.87and in females it was 252.03±44.91cm. It has also been observed that there was an insignificant difference in the femur length between male and female fetuses (p= 0.605). Mean femur length was 52.74±12.39 in males and 52.19±11.38 in females. Conclusion: This study concluded that male fetuses have considerably larger bi-parietal diameter and head circumference as compared to female fetuses however, no variation in femur length is observed in both genders. Keywords: Fetal Gender, Bi-Parietal Diameter, Head Circumference, Femur Length.

Retrospective analysis of the appendiceal neoplasms: sampling technique may influence neoplasm detection

2021 ◽  
pp. postgradmedj-2021-141244
Author(s):  
Gizem Issin ◽  
Fatih Demir ◽  
Hasan Aktug Simsek ◽  
Diren Vuslat Cagatay ◽  
Mahir Tayfur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Longitudinal Section ◽  
Appendiceal Neoplasms ◽  
Macroscopic Findings ◽  
Distal Section

Background and aimsAppendiceal neoplasms are uncommon entities that are usually determined incidentally during the histopathological examination. Different techniques used for the macroscopic sampling of appendectomy material may affect the determinating neoplasms.Materials and methodsH&E-stained slides of 1280 cases who underwent appendectomy between 2013 and 2018 were reviewed retrospectively for histopathological features.ResultsNeoplasms were determined in 28 cases (3.09%); 1 lesion was observed in the proximal part of the appendix, 1 covering the entire length from proximal to distal and 26 in the distal part. In the 26 cases that observed in the distal part, the lesion was seen on both sides of the longitudinal section of the distal appendix in 20 cases, while it was seen on only one distal longitudinal section in the remaining 6 cases.ConclusionThe vast majority of appendiceal neoplasms are seen in the distal part of the appendix, and, in some cases, neoplasms might be seen on only one side of the distal section. Sampling only one-half of the distal part of the appendix, where tumours are most often observed, could result in some neoplasms being missed. Therefore, sampling the whole distal part would be more beneficial to determine small diameter tumours that do not create macroscopic findings.

Predicting lean meat yield in beef cattle using ultrasonic muscle depth and width measurements

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bergen ◽  
D. H. Crews ◽  
Jr., S. P. Miller ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Ultrasound Measurement ◽  
Independent Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Meat Yield ◽  
Lean Meat ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
Width Measurements ◽  
Highly Correlated

The value of live ultrasound longissimus dorsi depth and width measurements as predictors of estimated carcass lean meat yield of steers (CARLEAN-S) and bulls (CARLEAN-B) was studied. In trial 1, equations were developed to predict estimated lean meat yield of steers (n = 116) from carcass weight (Eq. 1) or liveweight (Eq. 2), fat depth and l. dorsi area or liveweight, fat depth and l. dorsi depth × width (Eq. 3). Equation 1 was most precise (RSD = 25.6 g kg-1), followed by Eq. 2 (RSD = 27.8g kg-1) and Eq. 3 (RSD = 30.2g kg-1). Equations 2 and 3 predicted CARLEAN-S with similar accuracy (SEP = 23.8 vs. 24.9 g kg-1, respectively) and were highly correlated with each other (r = 0.89) in an independent data set (n = 118). Repeatability and accuracy of pre-slaughter l. dorsi depth and width measurements were studied in yearling bulls (trial 2; n = 191). When ultrasound measurements were expressed as a percentage of the average ultrasound measurement, repeatabilities of l. dorsi depth (SER = 6.2 to 7.8%) and width (SER = 4.2 to 6.1%) measurements were similar to fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SER = 17.9 and 4.5%, respectively). When ultrasound measurements were compared to the corresponding carcass measurements, l. dorsi depth (SEP = 10.3 to 13.9%) and width (SEP = 6.7 to 8.5%) measurements were as accurate as fat depth and l. dorsi area measurements (SEP = 32.9 and 8.4%, respectively). Equations were developed to predict CARLEAN-B of yearling bulls (n = 82) from liveweight, 12th rib ultrasound fat depth and either l. dorsi depth × width measurements (Eqs. 4 and 5) or two l. dorsi depth measurements (Eq. 6). All equations had similar precision (RSD = 19.4 to 19.5 g kg-1) and predicted CARLEAN-B similarly (SEP = 25.0, 24.6 and 26.1g kg-1 for Eqs. 4, 5 and 6, respectively) in an independent data set (n = 109). All equations were highly correlated (r ≥0.97) with an equation using ultrasound fat depth and l. dorsi area in the independent data set. Longissimus muscle depth and width measurements were as valuable as l. dorsi area for predicting carcass composition of yearling beef bulls in the present study. Key words: Ultrasound, beef cattle, carcass traits

Regional differences in potassium content of smooth muscle from opossum esophagus.

1978 ◽  
Vol 235 (6) ◽  
pp. E709
Author(s):  
K Schulze ◽  
J J Hajjar ◽  
J Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Distal Segment ◽  
Intracellular Concentration ◽  
Potassium Content ◽  
Intracellular Potassium ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intracellular Potassium Concentration ◽  
Space Volume

Strips from the proximal part of the smooth muscle segment of opossum esophagus have a significantly higher potassium content (50 +/- 3 meq/kg) than those from the distal part (38 +/- 3 meq/kg). There are no significant differences between the two regions in content of sodium (65 +/- 4 meq/kg in proximal, 71 +/- 3 meq/kg in distal) or chloride (48 +/- 10 meq/kg in proximal, 42 +/- 5 meq/ kg in distal). The mean [14C]inulin uptake is 240 +/- 10 ml/kg in both proximal and distal strips. [14C]polyethylene glycol uptake is smaller and [14C]sucrose and [14C]mannitol uptake in both areas are larger than that of inulin. Intracellular potassium concentration (based on the inulin uptake as an estimate of the extracellular space volume) is significantly higher proximally (71 +/- 3 mM) than distally (52 +/- mM). Ouabain, 10(-4) M, increases the intracellular concentration of sodium and decreases the intracellular concentration of potassium in both the proximal and distal segment. The efflux of 86Rb, measured by a washout technique, is higher in the distal than in the proximal smooth muscle segment. A difference in membrane permeability to rubidium and hence, potassium between proximal and distal smooth muscle segments may account in part for the different intracellular potassium concentrations.

scholarly journals PSXIII-4 Species feature of morphometric parameters in poultry semen

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 374-375
Author(s):  
Vugar A Bagirov ◽  
Anastasia N Vetokh ◽  
Mikhail A Zhilinsky ◽  
Hanum V Ashraf ◽  
Evgeniya K Tomgorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Guinea Fowl ◽  
Morphometric Parameters ◽  
Quality Analysis ◽  
Interspecific Difference ◽  
Head Shape ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Sperm Morphometry ◽  
Parameters Analysis

Abstract The aim of the research was to study the specific features of morphometric parameters in rooster and guinea fowl spermatozoa. Thirty ejaculate samples from each species were investigated. A macroscopic assessment of the ejaculates obtained was carried out by volume, color and consistency. Microscopic parameters were studied using computerized sperm quality analysis systems. Diff-Quick set was used for staining sperm. Visualization of fixed preparations was performed using a Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope and a Nikon DS-Qi2 camera. Measurement of morphometric parameters was carried out in the program NIS-Elements BR 4.30. Evaluation of sperm morphometry was carried out according to the following indicators: total length of spermatozoa, length of head and tail, perimeter and area, head shape in indexes of ellipticity and elongation. The SPSS v.15.0 package was used for statistical analysis. To assess the statistical differences in the distributions of spermatozoa, the χ2-test was used. ANOVA was conducted to determine the effect of species. Roosters surpassed guinea fowls in ejaculate volume by 83.3% (P < 0.001). Statistically significant differences were not established for sperm activity between species. The content of motile spermatozoa in the roosters ejaculate was 92.4 ± 5.3%, in guinea fowls - 88.7 ± 6.54%. The results of the morphometric parameters analysis showed that they have a specific feature. The total length of rooster spermatozoa was 90 ± 2.6 μm, which is 8 μm more than that in guinea fowl (P < 0.05). The length of the sperm head in roosters was 2 μm longer than that in guinea fowls (P < 0.05). The interspecific difference across the perimeters and width of the head was not statistically significant. Rooster ejaculates differed relative homogeneity compared to guinea fowl. The study results showed that morphometric parameters of poultry sperm have a specific feature. Supported by the RSF (16-16-04104).

scholarly journals A juvenile cf. Edmontosaurus annectens (Ornithischia, Hadrosauridae) femur documents a poorly represented growth stage for this taxon

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Farke ◽  
Eunice Yip
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Femoral Shaft ◽  
Relative Increase ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Hell Creek Formation ◽  
Juvenile Specimen ◽  
Juvenile Individual ◽  
Asymmetrical Shape ◽  
Distinct Separation

A nearly complete, but isolated, femur of a small hadrosaurid from the Hell Creek Formation of Montana is tentatively referred to Edmontosaurus annectens. At 28 cm long, the element can be classified as that from an “early juvenile” individual, approximately 24 percent of the maximum known femur length for this species. Specimens from this size range and age class have not been described previously for E. annectens. Notable trends with increasing body size include increasingly distinct separation of the femoral head and greater trochanter, relative increase in the size of the cranial trochanter, a slight reduction in the relative breadth of the fourth trochanter, and a relative increase in the prominence of the cranial intercondylar groove. The gross profile of the femoral shaft is fairly consistent between the smallest and largest individuals. Although an ontogenetic change from relatively symmetrical to an asymmetrical shape in the fourth trochanter has been suggested previously, the new juvenile specimen shows an asymmetric fourth trochanter. Thus, there may not be a consistent ontogenetic pattern in trochanteric morphology. An isometric relationship between femoral circumference and femoral length is confirmed for Edmontosaurus. Overall ontogenetic trends in the femur of Edmontosaurus are concordant with patterns seen in other Hadrosauridae, supporting a fairly conserved pattern of development for this element within the clade.

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