scholarly journals Bilateral variations in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (03) ◽  
pp. 164-167
Author(s):  
S. Ahmadpour ◽  
K. Foghi
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Supraclavicular Block ◽  
The Right ◽  
Mediastinal Pleura

AbstractPhrenic nerve provides the major motor supply to diaphragm. Various anatomical variations in the course and distribution of the phrenic nerve have reported before. Here we report a rare bilateral asymmetric variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve and absence of fibrous pericardium in an old male cadaver. Specifically, the right phrenic nerve was arising from the upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5) and the left side nerve originated from the supraclavicular nerve and a tiny branch from C5. In the same cadaver both sides phrenic nerve were buried in the mediastinal pleura. Another interesting finding was absence of the fibrous pericardium. To the best of our knowledge the presented case showed a very rare variation in the roots of origin of the phrenic nerve accompanied with pericardial anomaly which has been less reported. We think such case is of practical importance during supraclavicular block during anesthesia

A rare variation in the formation of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus its embryological basis and clinical importance - a case report

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
N Satyanarayana ◽  
R Guha ◽  
P Sunitha ◽  
GN Reddy ◽  
G Praveen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Nerve Roots ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Lower Trunk ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

Brachial plexus is the plexus of nerves, that supplies the upper limb.Variations in the branches of brachial plexus are common but variations in the roots and trunks are very rare. Here, we report one of the such rare variations in the formations of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus in the right upper limb of a male cadaver. In the present case the lower trunk was formed by the union of ventral rami of C7,C8 and T1 nerve roots. The middle trunk was absent. Upper trunk formation was normal. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2011,Vol-6,No-4, 49-52 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v6i4.6727

scholarly journals Brachial plexus variations in its formation and main branches

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (suppl 5) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valéria Paula Sassoli Fazan ◽  
André de Souza Amadeu ◽  
Adilson L. Caleffi ◽  
Omar Andrade Rodrigues Filho
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Anatomical Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Long Thoracic Nerve ◽  
Thoracic Nerve ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Axillary Region ◽  
The Right

PURPOSE: The brachial plexus has a complex anatomical structure since its origin in the neck throughout its course in the axillary region. It also has close relationship to important anatomic structures what makes it an easy target of a sort of variations and provides its clinical and surgical importance. The aims of the present study were to describe the brachial plexus anatomical variations in origin and respective branches, and to correlate these variations with sex, color of the subjects and side of the body. METHODS: Twenty-seven adult cadavers separated into sex and color had their brachial plexuses evaluated on the right and left sides. RESULTS: Our results are extensive and describe a large number of variations, including some that have not been reported in the literature. Our results showed that the phrenic nerve had a complete origin from the plexus in 20% of the cases. In this way, a lesion of the brachial plexus roots could result in diaphragm palsy. It is not usual that the long thoracic nerve pierces the scalenus medius muscle but it occurred in 63% of our cases. Another observation was that the posterior cord was formed by the posterior divisions of the superior and middle trunks in 9%. In these cases, the axillary and the radial nerves may not receive fibers from C7 and C8, as usually described. CONCLUSION: Finally, the plexuses studied did not show that sex, color or side of the body had much if any influence upon the presence of variations.

scholarly journals Bilateral Anatomical Variation in the Formation of Trunks of the Brachial Plexus - A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (01) ◽  
pp. 9-13
Author(s):  
E. Lasch ◽  
M. Nazer ◽  
L. Bartholdy
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Upper Limb ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Anatomical Variation ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Motor Nerves ◽  
The Right

AbstractThis study presents a bilateral variation in the formation of trunks of brachial plexus in a male cadaver. The right brachial plexus was composed of six roots (C4-T1) and the left brachial plexus of five roots (C5-T1). Both formed four trunks thus changing the contributions of the anterior divisions of the cervical nerves involved in the formation of the cords and the five main somatic motor nerves for the upper limb. There are very few case reports in the scientific literature on this topic; thus making the present study very relevant.

scholarly journals A Rare Case of Contralateral Diaphragm Paralysis following Birth Injury with Brachial Plexus Palsy: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Audra J. Reiter ◽  
Yazan K. Rizeq ◽  
Benjamin T. Many ◽  
Jonathan C. Vacek ◽  
Fizan Abdullah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Vaginal Delivery ◽  
Phrenic Nerve ◽  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Work Of Breathing ◽  
Shoulder Dystocia ◽  
Brachial Plexus Palsy ◽  
Birth Injury ◽  
Diaphragm Paralysis ◽  
The Right

Clinical History. A 4.4 kg male was born to a 25-year-old, G2P1, nondiabetic woman at 39 and 5/7 weeks. Delivery was complicated by shoulder dystocia requiring forceps-assisted vaginal delivery, resulting in left arm Erb’s palsy secondary to left brachial plexus injury. He was born with low muscle tone and bradycardia and subsequently required intubation for poor respiratory effort. He was extubated on day one of life but continued to be tachypneic and have borderline oxygen saturation, requiring intensive care. Chest radiographs demonstrated a progressive clearing of his lung fields, consistent with presumptively diagnosed meconium aspiration. However, a persistent elevation of the right hemidiaphragm was noted, and his tachypnea and increased work of breathing continued. Focused ultrasound of the diaphragm was performed, confirming decreased motion of the right hemidiaphragm. Following a multidisciplinary discussion, thoracoscopic right diaphragm plication was performed on the 33rd day of life. He was extubated postoperatively and subsequently weaned to room air with a notable decrease in tachypnea over 48 hours. He was discharged on postoperative day 12 and continues to thrive at 6 months of age without respiratory embarrassment. Purpose. Ipsilateral phrenic nerve injury with diaphragm paralysis from shoulder dystocia during vaginal delivery is a recognized phenomenon. Herein, we present a case of contralateral diaphragm paralysis in order to draw attention to the clinician that this discordance is possible. Key Points. According to Raimbault et al., clinical management of newborns who experience birth injury is a multidisciplinary effort. According to Fitting and Grassino, though most cases of phrenic nerve injuries are ipsilateral to shoulder dystocia brachial plexus palsy, contralateral occurrence is possible and should be considered. According to Waters, diaphragm plication is a safe and effective operation.

scholarly journals Abnormal Division of Axillary Artery - A Case Report

2012 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 044-047
Author(s):  
N Ratnakar Rao
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Axillary Artery ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Lateral Side ◽  
Superficial Branch ◽  
Collateral Artery ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractA case of the abnormal branching of the right Axillary artery in a 60 year old male cadaver is presented here. The axillary artery divided into two trunks, a lateral and medial from the second part only in this case. The lateral branch was superficial running between two roots of median nerve, which here is referred to as superficial branch. The other was a medial trunk, running deep to median nerve on the medial, hence it is referred as deep brachial artery. The superficial branch had a similar course as radial artery coursing on the lateral side of cubital fossa, fore arm, anatomical snuff box and hand, hence it was considered as equivalent to radial artery. The deep brachial artery gave rise to anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries and the superior ulnar collateral artery. This variation is rare and the incidence quoted as around 0.12 - 3.2% in the available literature. The normal and abnormal anatomy of the axillary artery is having practical importance for the radiologists during angiography and surgeons for accurate diagnostic interpretation.

scholarly journals Third Head of the Biceps Brachii Muscle and a Communication between the Musculocutaneous and Median Nerves: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (01) ◽  
pp. 051-054
Author(s):  
Caroline Dussin ◽  
Lucas Moyses ◽  
Sávio Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Biceps Brachii ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Biceps Brachii Muscle ◽  
Present Case Report ◽  
Communicating Branch ◽  
Brachialis Muscle ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right

AbstractMany authors have reported and classified several anatomical variations between the musculocutaneous (Mc) and median (Me) nerves, regarding their origin, number, and proximity with the coracobrachialis muscle. There also are, in the scientific community, records classifying the origin of supernumerary heads of the biceps brachii muscle. However, the occurrence of both aforementioned variations in the same arm is very uncommon. During a routine dissection of the right upper limb of a male cadaver, a third head of the biceps brachii was found originating from the fibers of the brachialis muscle, as well as a communicating branch between the Mc and the Me nerves, in the same limb. The objective of the present case report is to describe these multiple variations found, relating them and discussing their relevant clinical implications.

scholarly journals Communication between radial nerve and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. 49-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Yogesh ◽  
RR Marathe ◽  
SR Mankar ◽  
M Joshi ◽  
YA Sontakke
Keyword(s):  
Brachial Plexus ◽  
Radial Nerve ◽  
Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Lateral Cutaneous Nerve ◽  
The Right ◽  
Extensor Carpi Radialis

ABSTRACTRadial nerve is usually a branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. It innervates triceps, anconeous, brachialis, brachioradialis, extensor carpi radialis longus muscles and gives the posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm, lower lateral cutaneous nerve of arm, posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm; without exhibiting any communication with the medial cutaneous nerve of forearm or any other nerve. We report communication between the radial nerve and medial cutaneous nerve of forearm on the left side in a 58-year-old male cadaver. The right sided structures were found to be normal. Neurosurgeons should keep such variations in mind while performing the surgeries of axilla and upper arm.

scholarly journals A rare variation of formation of median nerve - a case report.

2015 ◽  
Vol 04 (02) ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Monica Diana S. ◽  
Ramesh Kumar Subramanian ◽  
Senthil Kumar S.
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Lateral Root ◽  
Medial Epicondyle ◽  
Normal Pattern ◽  
Rare Variation ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Lateral Cord ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
Muscle Nerve ◽  
The Right

AbstractMany variations have been reported regarding formation of the brachial plexus and its branches. Here the authors report a rare variation pertaining to lateral cord of median nerve. During routine dissection, at Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, in the department of anatomy, in a male cadaver in the right upper limb, the authors found an additional lateral root from lateral cord joining the medial root to form the median nerve. Musculocutaneous nerve did not pierce the coracobrachialis muscle instead it gave a direct branch to the muscle. Nerve supply to biceps and brachialis were of normal pattern. The musculo cutaneous nerve communicated with the median nerve before supplying other muscles. Median nerve was medial throughout the arm but about 7 cm above the level of medial epicondyle it crossed the brachial artery from medial to lateral. Morphometry of the nerves were studied by measurements. Knowledge of these variations and measurements will be helpful during surgical and anaesthetic procedures in the axilla.

scholarly journals Anatomic Variation of the Median Nerve Associated with an Anomalous Muscle of the Forearm

Folia Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atoni Dogood Atoni ◽  
Charles Aidemise Oyinbo
Keyword(s):  
Median Nerve ◽  
Anatomic Variation ◽  
Anatomical Variations ◽  
Clinical Situation ◽  
Flexor Digitorum Profundus ◽  
Anomalous Muscle ◽  
Clinical Presentations ◽  
Male Cadaver ◽  
The Right ◽  
Flexor Digitorum

Abstract Documented anatomical variations are important not only for the study of the subject of anatomy, but also in clinical situation. This knowledge would aid surgeons in planning a preoperative strategy for surgical procedures and reconstructive surgery. The right forearm of a 35-year-old embalmed male cadaver present a splitting of the median nerve in the proximal 1/3 of the forearm to form medial and lateral divisions that accommodate an anomalous muscle. The split median nerve reunites at the distal 1/3 and continues as a single nerve. The anomalous muscle arises by muscle fibers from flexor digitorum superficialis and inserted by tendon into flexor digitorum profundus. There was no such variation in the left forearm. The knowledge of such anatomical variations is important to clinicians and surgeons in interpreting atypical clinical presentations and avoiding unusual injury during surgery.

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